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Item Colonic polyps in Nigerians, a change in trends: A retrospective single‑center clinicopathological study(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2022) Adegoke, O. O.; Ajani, M. A.; Nwanji, I. D.Background: Adenomatous polyps in the colon are recognized precursors of colorectal carcinoma; however, the low incidence of these polyps in sub Saharan Africans has led many to believe that the pathway of colorectal cancer may differ in this region. The objective of this study was aimed to determine the change in trends of colonic polyps in Nigeria. Methods: This was a 10 year retrospective review of all colonic polyp specimens received at the Department of Pathology in our hospital utilizing the histopathology request cards and hematoxylin and eosin stained slides. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics (version 23; IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA). Results: A total of 131 cases were reviewed. The age of patients ranged from 5 to 86 years with a mean age of 55 years. The male to female ratio was 1.6:1. The mean age was 59.4 years. Of the 131 cases reviewed, 62 patients had adenomatous polyps, 49 had inflammatory polyps while 20 others included juvenile polyps, hyperplastic polyps, and hamartomatous polyps. Conclusion: Adenomatous polyps are increasingly being seen among Africans in the sub Sahara region and perhaps they are not as rare as it was once thought provided the facilities for the diagnosis are available. They may yet play a more important role than has been ascribed to them in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinomas in Africans.Item Histopathology turnaround time of surgical biopsies in a Nigerian tertiary health-care facility(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2021) Ajani, M. A.; Adegoke, O. O.; Nwanji, I. D.; Nwadiokwu, J. I.Background: Turnaround time (TAT) analysis is finding increasing relevance in clinical laboratories due to its relevance in the quality of care of patients. TAT involves all the various processes that occur within the laboratory. Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the histopathology TAT of surgical biopsies at the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 1085 samples received at the Department of Pathology, UCH, Ibadan, from January to April 2020. Samples were categorized into small, intermediate, and large sizes. Average duration spent in the grossing room, processing, reporting, and result verification was calculated, and the total TAT was determined from the summation of the duration of these processes. Results: The mean TAT for all samples was 22 days(±10 days). Reception grossing, histological processing, reporting, and transcription accounted for an average of 1.5 (7%), 5.9 (27%), 9.1 (41%), and 5.6 (25%) days and percentage of TAT, respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean TATs for small , intermediate-, and large-sized samples. Conclusion: We identified reporting time as the largest contributor to TAT. Other areas of delay were noted at tissue processing and result verification. Adoption of new technology and staff orientation may help to reduce the observed TAT.Item A histomorphological pattern of gallbladder lesions in a tertiary hospital in Southwestern Nigeria: a retrospective descriptive study(Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC), 2021) Ajani, M. A.; Onakpoma, F. A.; Fatunla, E. O.; Adegoke, O. O.; Salami, A. A.BACKGROUND: The gallbladder is one of the most common specimens encountered in the surgical pathology laboratory, and gallstone related diseases are among the most common medical problems requiring surgical intervention. This study's objective was to determine the histomorphological patterns and frequency of gall bladder lesions from cholecystectomy specimens received in our institution for over twenty years. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of all cholecystectomy specimens received at the pathology department for 20 years from January 1999 to December 2018. The specimens were obtained from within and outside the hospital facility. The demographic data, clinical details, and histological diagnosis were retrieved from the departmental records and were analyzed with SPSS version 23. RESULTS: A total of 211 cholecystectomy specimens were received during the study period. Patients’ age ranged from 14 to 84 years, with a mean age of 47.6 ± 0.899 years. There was a female preponderance with male to female ratio of 43:168 (1:3.9). Surgery for gallbladder disease was most commonly performed in the age range of 41-50 years. Out of the 211 specimens, 153 (72.5%) had calculi and 58 (27.5%) were acalculous. Chronic calculous cholecystitis was the most common histopathological diagnosis (65.4%). Others were chronic acalculous cholecystitis (18.0%), acute on chronic acalculous cholecystitis (2.4%), adenocarcinoma (3.3%), metastatic adenocarcinoma (0.1%), adenocarcinoma with chronic calculous cholecystitis (0.5%), klatskin tumour (0.5%), and normal gallbladders (1.9%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the commonest indication for cholecystectomy in our hospital was gall stone disease. Malignancy of the gallbladder is uncommon in our center.Item Premalignant and malignant lesions of the esophagus: a single institutional experience(Medical and Dental Consultants Association of Nigeria, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, 2020) Ajani, M. A.; Adegoke, O. O.; Nwanji, I. D.; Omenai, S. A.; Akande, K. O.Background: Esophageal malignancy is a highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. A number of lesions occurring in the esophagus are associated with a high risk of malignant transformation. While the patterns of esophageal cancers have been documented in a number of African countries, there is a limited data on the Nigerian situation. This study was aimed at reviewing the histological patterns of premalignant and malignant lesions of the esophagus. Methods: This was a 10 year retrospective study of histologically confirmed premalignant and malignant lesions of the esophagus seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, between January 2009 and December 2018. Data retrieved from the departmental records were analyzed using the SPSS computer software version 20.0. Results: There were 45 cases diagnosed with premalignant lesions and 32 cases diagnosed with malignant lesions out of the 363 biopsies during the study period. The most common premalignant lesion was Barret’s esophagus (68.9%). Premalignant lesions were more common in males (64.4%). The mean age for patients with a diagnosis of premalignant lesions was 55 years. The mean age at the diagnosis for esophageal cancer was 61.5 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant histological subtype seen (65.6%) with adenocarcinomas accounting for the remainder of cases (35.4%). Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the esophagus in our study. Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus were not as rare as documented in previous African studies. This finding may imply a changing pattern in esophageal malignancies in tandem with the pattern in Western countries.Item Fracture of the humeral bone as the first clinical presentation of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma in Ibadan(Sciencedomain international, 2019) Ajani, M. A.; Awosusi, B. L.; Fatunla, E. O.; Adegoke, O. O.; Salami, A. A.Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the commonest type of thyroid cancer representing 75 to 85 per cent of all thyroid cancer cases. It is often well-differentiated, slow-growing, and localized, although it can metastasize. This is a case of a 49-year-old male who presented with a pathological fracture of the left humerus. A bone biopsy was done at the surgery which had a histological diagnosis of metastatic thyroid carcinoma. A total thyroidectomy was subsequently done and was histologically reported as a follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The patient was clinically stable post thyroidectomy and was discharged home on the 10th postoperative day and he is currently being followed-up in the surgical outpatient clinic. Pathological fracture as the initial clinical presentation is an unusual manifestation of metastatic thyroid carcinoma; therefore a high index of suspicion is needed to make this diagnosis. In any patient presenting with a pathologic fracture, the possibility of metastatic carcinoma from the thyroid gland should always be considered.