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Item Small bowel responses to enteral honey and glutamine administration following massive small bowel resection in rabbit(2008) Evarefe, O.D.; Emikpe, B.O.; Arowolo, R. O. A.The trophic effects of honey and glutamine in the healing and adaptation of the small bowel following intestinal resection were studied in some Nigerian non-descript breeds of rabbits. Nine rabbits of mixed sexes with mean body weight of 1.45 ±0.55kg were used. They were randomised into three treatment groups following 50% small bowel resection. Group A rabbits were placed on oral honey treatment. Group B on oral glutamine and group C on normal saline (control). All groups exhibited signs of small bowel adaptation (glutamine(B) honey (A) control (C) at the end of the experiment (4 weeks) with oral glutamine showing the best overall effects on intestinal mucosal growth and adaptation evidenced by significant increase (P<0.05) in residual bow'el length (37.3%), villi width (20.0%), crypt depth (113.3%) and a non significant increase in villus height (33.3%) and cellular mass (10.2%). Honey showed a better effect than control with a significant increase (P<0.05) in villi width (18.2%), crypts depth (66.7%) and cellular mass (33.9%) and a non significant increase in gross residual bow'el length (24.6%), and villus height (30.5%). Our result shows that honey and glutamine have trophic effects on bowel mucosa healing and hyperplasia and have potential therapeutic effects on massive bowel resection in humansItem Effects of honey, glutamine and their combination on canine small bowel epithelial cell proliferation following massive resection(Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2012-12) Eyarefe, O.D,; Emikpe, B.O.; Akinloye, S.O.; Alonge, T.O.; Fayemi, O.E.The effects of honey, glutamine and honey/glutamine combination on the healing and adaptive process of the bowel following massive small bowel resection were studied in some Nigerian non-descript breeds of dogs. 24 dogs (3-4months old) of mixed sexes with mean body weight of 4.42±0.70 kg were studied. They were randomized into four treatment groups following 70% small bowel resection. Group A dogs were placed on glutamine treatment, Group B on oral glutamine/honey and group C on honey and group D normal saline (control). Their body weights were evaluated for 15 days and the pre- and post-treatment gut biopsy samples were obtained and processed for morphometric evaluation. All groups exhibited signs of small bowel adaptation (Glutamine/honey>glutamine > honey > control) at the end of the experiment (4 weeks). Glutamine/honey combination, glutamine and honey had gradual increase in body weight from days 3-15 of weight evaluation. The control group, however, had a remarkable drop in body weight compared with other groups. Oral glutamine/honey combination showed the best overall effect based on body weight gain, intestinal mucosal growth and adaptation, evidenced by increased in residual bowel Villi height (27.71μm), Villi weight (14.51μm), Crypt depth (11.25μm), and Villi density (3.40μm). Glutamine showed a better result than honey with a significant increase in villi height (38.08μm), width (8.48μm) and crypt depth (40μm). Histologically, an improved villi branching was observed with glutamine/honey combination. Our results showed that honey/glutamine combination had comparative therapeutic advantage over glutamine or honey and may be a preferred treatment for short bowel syndrome patientsItem A preliminary report on aural hematoma management with auricular pillow method(IDOSI Publications, 2013) Eyarefe, O.D.; Oguntoye, C.O.; Emikpe, B.O.Background: Aural hematoma management is associated with auricular cartilage scarification, pinna deformity and recurrence which are unacceptable dogs’ owners. A simple management method with minimal anesthetic requirement and postoperative patient’s stress, coupled with reasonable management cost and acceptable cosmetic outcomes is presented. Method and findings: Dogs presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, with aural hematoma from January 2012-January 2013 were enrolled. Each hematoma was incised, drained and the pinna packed over cotton padded hard core as auricular pillow and supported with a non-adherent compression bandage over the head between 7-12 days. The surgical outcome of this method was compared with conventional methods used previously from 2002-2011 in the same hospital. The pinna healed with least scarification and restored morphology. The method has a comparative anesthetic, patient stress and cost advantages over other conventional methods. Conclusion: The auricular pillow method of aural hematoma management could be a better approach to the management of aural hematoma which is still a challenge in most clinical settingItem Wound healing potential of natural honey in diabetic and non-diabetic wistar rats(2014-01) Eyarefe, O.D.; Ologunagba, F. M.; Emikpe, B.O.The cutaneous wound healing effects of natural honey were compared in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Thirty adult male Wistar rats (159g ± 31.5) where randomized into alloxan diabetics (n=15) and non-diabetic (n=15) groups. A 6mm full thickness biopsy punch wound was created on the nape of each rat under 2% xylazine (5mg/kg) and 5% ketamine (35mg/kg) anaesthesia. The wounds were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (108 Colony Forming Unit (CFU). Each group was then randomised into three subgroups: A [control, n=5], B (n=5) amikacin (0.8mg) and C (n=5) natural honey (0.1 ml) topical treatments. Wounds were evaluated at day: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 for wetness, oedema, hyperemia, granulation tissues, and contraction. Wounds of animals in the diabetic group showed significantly less (p>0.05) wetness compared with the non-diabetic group at days 3-5 (p=0.002) and 5-9, p=0.002 while the amikacin subgroup of the non-diabetic group showed non-significant but notable level of wetness at days 5-7. A significantly (p>0.05) more wound edge oedema was shown by the diabetic than the non-diabetic group at days 3-5 (p=0.000) with the trend being; control > amikacin > honey. The percentage of animals with wound edge oedema between days 3-5 in the non-diabetic group was honey (20%), amikacin (20%) and control (60%); and diabetic group was honey (40%), amikacin (100%) and Control (100%). Between days 5-7, 80% of wounds in both groups where without wound edge oedema except the control subgroups. Wounds of rats in the diabetic group were significantly more hyperaemic (p>0.05) at days 5-9 (p=0.001) and days 9-15 (p=0.000), with the trend being control > amikacin = honey. Wounds of rats in the non-diabetic groups healed with significantly more (p < 0.05) granulation tissues at days 5-9 (p=0.001) (honey = amikacin > control). Control group at days: 5-9 (p=0.001), 9-15 (p=0.000); amikacin at days: 5-9 (p=0.002), 9-15 (p=0.005); and honey at days: 5-9 (p=0.005) and 9-15 (p= 0.001). Differences in wound diameter (a reflection of wound contraction) were not significantly notable in both subgroups (p > 0.05) at various days of measurement except at days 3-5(p=0.008). Honey and amikacin were effective in enhancing cutaneous wounds healing in wistar rats studied. In diabetic rats, honey showed a promising result when compared to amikacin hence honey could be recommended for wound management of diabetic patient in human and animal hospitalsItem Evaluation of canine dental health problems in Ibadan, Nigeria(2014-09) Eyarefe, O. D.; Oni, A.F.; Emikpe, B.O.Clinical evaluation for Dental Disease Conditions (DDC) in companion animals is an integral aspect of routine dental health care procedure in veterinary practice which often is less practice in Nigeria. This study evaluated the occurrence of DDC and possible inciting causes with a focus of providing a meaningful basis for canine dental health care in Nigeria. Fifty-seven dogs (30 males and 27 females) made up of 10 different breeds and presented at 3 major Veterinary Hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria were assessed for periodontal disease (PD), dental calculus (DC), dental abrasion (DA) and their association with other systemic diseases using Dental probe, Glucometer, Urinalysis strip and PD survey questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation at > 0.05 level of significance. The prevalence of PD was the highest (82.46%) while DC was 80.70% and DA, 57.89%. PD was observed to be more common in male (83.33%) dogs, while calculus formation and dental attrition were more common in female dogs. The incidence and severity of dental disease conditions increased with age. There was a positive correlation (p=0.04) between PD and DC and between DC and DA (p=0.00). The order of nutritional inciting cause of PD, DC and DA is compounded food > home food > waste from eateries. This investigation showed a high incidence of DDC in dogs with no dental health care and nutrition could be an inciting cause. This showed that there is need for patients’ dental health care in veterinary practice in Nigeria