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Item A histomorphological pattern of gallbladder lesions in a tertiary hospital in Southwestern Nigeria: a retrospective descriptive study(Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC), 2021) Ajani, M. A.; Onakpoma, F. A.; Fatunla, E. O.; Adegoke, O. O.; Salami, A. A.BACKGROUND: The gallbladder is one of the most common specimens encountered in the surgical pathology laboratory, and gallstone related diseases are among the most common medical problems requiring surgical intervention. This study's objective was to determine the histomorphological patterns and frequency of gall bladder lesions from cholecystectomy specimens received in our institution for over twenty years. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of all cholecystectomy specimens received at the pathology department for 20 years from January 1999 to December 2018. The specimens were obtained from within and outside the hospital facility. The demographic data, clinical details, and histological diagnosis were retrieved from the departmental records and were analyzed with SPSS version 23. RESULTS: A total of 211 cholecystectomy specimens were received during the study period. Patients’ age ranged from 14 to 84 years, with a mean age of 47.6 ± 0.899 years. There was a female preponderance with male to female ratio of 43:168 (1:3.9). Surgery for gallbladder disease was most commonly performed in the age range of 41-50 years. Out of the 211 specimens, 153 (72.5%) had calculi and 58 (27.5%) were acalculous. Chronic calculous cholecystitis was the most common histopathological diagnosis (65.4%). Others were chronic acalculous cholecystitis (18.0%), acute on chronic acalculous cholecystitis (2.4%), adenocarcinoma (3.3%), metastatic adenocarcinoma (0.1%), adenocarcinoma with chronic calculous cholecystitis (0.5%), klatskin tumour (0.5%), and normal gallbladders (1.9%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the commonest indication for cholecystectomy in our hospital was gall stone disease. Malignancy of the gallbladder is uncommon in our center.Item Histopathological analysis of male breast cancer in Southwestern Nigeria: A single center retrospective study(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2021) Ajani, M. A.; Odetola, S. S.; Awosusi, B. L.; Fatunla, E. O.; Salami, A. A.Background: Breast cancer in men is still an uncommon and largely understudied disease. It accounts for 1% of all breast cancers. The aim of this study was to review all the male breast cancer cases diagnosed at the tertiary medical institution in South West Nigeria over a 10 year period and to compare the findings with other similar studies done in Nigeria and globally. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all histologically diagnosed cases of male breast cancers in the Department of Pathology, Tertiary Medical Institution in South West Nigeria over a 10 year period from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. Clinicopathological parameters including patients’ age, laterality, and specific histological sub types were extracted from surgical day book and Cancer Registry of the Department. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics (version 22; IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA). The results were subsequently presented in tables, relative frequencies, group percentages, and photomicrographs. Results: Forty two cases of male breast cancer were seen accounting for 1.7% of all breast cancer cases. The age range was between 22 and 91 years with a mean age of 60.3 years, and a peak occurrence was in the 8th decade. The right breast was more affected than the left accounting for 52% of the total number of cases seen. The most common histological sub type found was invasive ductal carcinoma accounting for 88% of all the cases. Conclusion: Male breast cancer is relatively uncommon compared to female breast cancer. It is more common in the older age group, and invasive ductal carcinoma is still the most common histological subtype.Item Inflammatory pseudotumor: a 20‑Year single institutional experience(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2020) Ajani, M. A.; Fatunla, E. O.; Onakpoma, F. A.; Salami, A. A.Background: Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a relatively rare benign disease. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the demographic distribution, clinical presentation, and histomorphological characteristics of IPT while highlighting its associated diagnostic challenges. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross sectional review of all the IPT diagnosed in our institution between January 1999 and December 2018 was conducted. The samples were received from within and outside the hospital facility. The demographic data, clinical history, and histologic reports were reviewed. Results: A total of 25 cases of histologically confirmed IPT were seen. Patients’ age ranges from 7 to 74 years with a mean age of 38.96 years and standard deviation ± 17.94 years. There was a bimodal peak occurrence in the third and fifth decades. Most of the patients were adults (23, 92%), whereas only 2 (8%) were children. There was a female preponderance with a male to female ratio of 1:2.6. The head and neck had the highest number of cases (44%), followed by the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (40%). Eight (73%) of head and neck cases occurred in the orbit. The presenting complaints depended on the site of the lesion with pain and swelling being the commonest symptoms irrespective of the site of the lesions. Two cases of bilateral IPT were observed. Immunohistochemistry was used in a certain condition of diagnostic dilemma. Conclusion: This study showed a female preponderance of IPT with the head and neck and GIT being the most common location. It is important to rule out other differentials in the diagnosis of IPT.Item Fracture of the humeral bone as the first clinical presentation of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma in Ibadan(Sciencedomain international, 2019) Ajani, M. A.; Awosusi, B. L.; Fatunla, E. O.; Adegoke, O. O.; Salami, A. A.Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the commonest type of thyroid cancer representing 75 to 85 per cent of all thyroid cancer cases. It is often well-differentiated, slow-growing, and localized, although it can metastasize. This is a case of a 49-year-old male who presented with a pathological fracture of the left humerus. A bone biopsy was done at the surgery which had a histological diagnosis of metastatic thyroid carcinoma. A total thyroidectomy was subsequently done and was histologically reported as a follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The patient was clinically stable post thyroidectomy and was discharged home on the 10th postoperative day and he is currently being followed-up in the surgical outpatient clinic. Pathological fracture as the initial clinical presentation is an unusual manifestation of metastatic thyroid carcinoma; therefore a high index of suspicion is needed to make this diagnosis. In any patient presenting with a pathologic fracture, the possibility of metastatic carcinoma from the thyroid gland should always be considered.