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Item Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression in endometrial carcinomas at a tertiary center in sub-Saharan Africa(Faculty of pathology, national postgraduate medical college of Nigeria, 2022) Odetola, S. S.; Ajani, M. A.; Nwanji, I. D.; Salami, A. A.; Okolo, C. A.Background: Endometrial cancer is the third most common gynecological malignancy, following cervical and ovarian malignancies. Prognosis among the women of African origin is, however, worse as they tend to have high grade tumors and late presentation. Close to 50% of high grade endometrial cancers show human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression and may thus benefit from targeted treatment. Aims: This study aimed to determine the overexpression status of HER2 protein among the cases of endometrial carcinoma. Materials and Methods: All cases of histologically diagnosed endometrial carcinoma from January 2007 to December 2016 were retrieved from the files and records of department of pathology in our hospital. Cases were classified and graded according to the World Health Organization (2014 version) classification of endometrial carcinoma followed by immunohistochemical staining for HER2 overexpression. Results: There were a total of 51 cases of endometrial carcinoma that met the inclusion criteria during the study. The mean age of patients was 63 years. As a group, nonendometrioid carcinomas predominated (55%). The majority (70%) of cases showed high grade histological morphology. Positive Her2/Neu expression was seen in 11 cases (22%) of endometrial carcinoma. There was no statistically significant association between hormone expression status and age, histological variant, or grade. Conclusion: Endometrial carcinomas among Nigerian women are predominantly nonendometroid and high grade. HER2 overexpression was seen in a fifth of cases. Future studies should explore the response of targeted therapy among Nigerian patients showing HER2 overexpression.Item Histopathological analysis of male breast cancer in Southwestern Nigeria: A single center retrospective study(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2021) Ajani, M. A.; Odetola, S. S.; Awosusi, B. L.; Fatunla, E. O.; Salami, A. A.Background: Breast cancer in men is still an uncommon and largely understudied disease. It accounts for 1% of all breast cancers. The aim of this study was to review all the male breast cancer cases diagnosed at the tertiary medical institution in South West Nigeria over a 10 year period and to compare the findings with other similar studies done in Nigeria and globally. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all histologically diagnosed cases of male breast cancers in the Department of Pathology, Tertiary Medical Institution in South West Nigeria over a 10 year period from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. Clinicopathological parameters including patients’ age, laterality, and specific histological sub types were extracted from surgical day book and Cancer Registry of the Department. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics (version 22; IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA). The results were subsequently presented in tables, relative frequencies, group percentages, and photomicrographs. Results: Forty two cases of male breast cancer were seen accounting for 1.7% of all breast cancer cases. The age range was between 22 and 91 years with a mean age of 60.3 years, and a peak occurrence was in the 8th decade. The right breast was more affected than the left accounting for 52% of the total number of cases seen. The most common histological sub type found was invasive ductal carcinoma accounting for 88% of all the cases. Conclusion: Male breast cancer is relatively uncommon compared to female breast cancer. It is more common in the older age group, and invasive ductal carcinoma is still the most common histological subtype.