scholarly works

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    Histopathological analysis of male breast cancer in Southwestern Nigeria: A single center retrospective study
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2021) Ajani, M. A.; Odetola, S. S.; Awosusi, B. L.; Fatunla, E. O.; Salami, A. A.
    Background: Breast cancer in men is still an uncommon and largely understudied disease. It accounts for 1% of all breast cancers. The aim of this study was to review all the male breast cancer cases diagnosed at the tertiary medical institution in South West Nigeria over a 10 year period and to compare the findings with other similar studies done in Nigeria and globally. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all histologically diagnosed cases of male breast cancers in the Department of Pathology, Tertiary Medical Institution in South West Nigeria over a 10 year period from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. Clinicopathological parameters including patients’ age, laterality, and specific histological sub types were extracted from surgical day book and Cancer Registry of the Department. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics (version 22; IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA). The results were subsequently presented in tables, relative frequencies, group percentages, and photomicrographs. Results: Forty two cases of male breast cancer were seen accounting for 1.7% of all breast cancer cases. The age range was between 22 and 91 years with a mean age of 60.3 years, and a peak occurrence was in the 8th decade. The right breast was more affected than the left accounting for 52% of the total number of cases seen. The most common histological sub type found was invasive ductal carcinoma accounting for 88% of all the cases. Conclusion: Male breast cancer is relatively uncommon compared to female breast cancer. It is more common in the older age group, and invasive ductal carcinoma is still the most common histological subtype.
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    Inflammatory pseudotumor: a 20‑Year single institutional experience
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2020) Ajani, M. A.; Fatunla, E. O.; Onakpoma, F. A.; Salami, A. A.
    Background: Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a relatively rare benign disease. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the demographic distribution, clinical presentation, and histomorphological characteristics of IPT while highlighting its associated diagnostic challenges. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross sectional review of all the IPT diagnosed in our institution between January 1999 and December 2018 was conducted. The samples were received from within and outside the hospital facility. The demographic data, clinical history, and histologic reports were reviewed. Results: A total of 25 cases of histologically confirmed IPT were seen. Patients’ age ranges from 7 to 74 years with a mean age of 38.96 years and standard deviation ± 17.94 years. There was a bimodal peak occurrence in the third and fifth decades. Most of the patients were adults (23, 92%), whereas only 2 (8%) were children. There was a female preponderance with a male to female ratio of 1:2.6. The head and neck had the highest number of cases (44%), followed by the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (40%). Eight (73%) of head and neck cases occurred in the orbit. The presenting complaints depended on the site of the lesion with pain and swelling being the commonest symptoms irrespective of the site of the lesions. Two cases of bilateral IPT were observed. Immunohistochemistry was used in a certain condition of diagnostic dilemma. Conclusion: This study showed a female preponderance of IPT with the head and neck and GIT being the most common location. It is important to rule out other differentials in the diagnosis of IPT.
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    Neoplasms of the appendix: an experience of a tertiary hospital in Southwestern Nigeria
    (Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria, 2020) Ajani, M. A.; Omenai, S. A.; Iyapo, O.
    Background: The appendix is a vestigial tube like organ. Its exact physiological function is unknown. Appendectomies are done usually following a clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Neoplasms can arise from this organ as well. Carcinoids are the most common neoplasms arising commonly at the tips. This retrospective review of neoplasms of the appendix was aimed at identifying the incidence and describing the histological variants of neoplasms of the appendix in our environment. Materials and Methods: This study was a 10 year retrospective review of all appendectomy specimens submitted to the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. Microscopy was done examining the longitudinal sections from the tip to the base of the appendix. The histological diagnosis was extracted from the records in the department and classified using the WHO classification of tumors of the appendix (2019). Patients’ biodata such as age and sex were also extracted. The data were analyzed for frequency distribution using SPSS 23. Results: The incidence of neoplasms in the appendix was 0.84% of the 1071 appendectomies received in our department over the study period. Low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) was the most common histological variant accounting for 55.5% of neoplasms, followed by metastatic carcinoma at 22.2% and carcinoids at 11.1%. There was a female preponderance of 77.8%. Conclusion: Neoplasms of the appendix are rare in our environment, and LAMN was the most common neoplasm of the appendix in our institution. There is a female preponderance among patients with appendiceal neoplasms.
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    Histopathological characteristics of carcinoma of the uterine cervix in a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2020) Omenai, S. A.; Ajani, M. A.; Okolo, C. A.
    Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is the fourth‑most common cancer among women worldwide, and the leading cause of cancer‑related death for women in developing countries. Objective: Cervical carcinoma is a major cause of mortality in a developing nation such as Nigeria. This study provides an update on the prevalence of pathological variants of cervical carcinomas seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study involving the review of all the histologically diagnosed cervical carcinoma in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan between January 2012 and December 2016. The histologically diagnosed cancers and the relevant clinical and histopathological information relating to these tumors were extracted from the records of the department. All cases were treated as anonymous with strict confidentiality. The cases were classified using the World Health Organization histological classification of tumors of the cervix (2014). The obtained data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23. Results: A total of 294 cases were included in this study. The peak age of diagnosis was in the 6th decade. Two hundred and fifty‑two cases (86.0%) were squamous cell carcinoma, 18 cases (6.1%) were adenocarcinomas, 16 cases (5.5%) were adenosquamous carcinomas, and 6 cases (2.2%) were adenoid cystic carcinomas, and one representing 0.3% was a neuroendocrine carcinoma. The most common histological grade was moderately differentiated (Grade 2). The large cell nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological variant. Conclusion: A majority of cervical carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas and are majorly the large cell nonkeratinizing variant.
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    Cervical Lymphadenopathy in Ibadan, Nigeria.
    (Association of Resident Doctors, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2017) Aramide, K. O.; Ajani, M. A.; Okolo, C. A.
    Aim: To determine the pattern and causes of lymph node enlargement of cervical region in Ibadan, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A 10-year (2003-2012) retrospective study was conducted on all head and neck lymph node biopsies received at the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Results: A total of 101 lymph node biopsies of cervical region were received within this period of study. 59.4% cases were seen in Males. Second decade of life has the highest number of cases (22.8%) followed by 3rd decade (17.8%). The common cause of cervical lymphadenopathy include non - specific hyperplasia, tumour metastasis and Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma seen in 27 (26.7%), 22 (21.8%) and 20 (19.8%) respectively. Granulomatous and Hodgkin’s Lymphoma constitute 17 (16.8%) and 11 (10.9%) respectively. The granulomatous causes were all due to tuberculosis. A single case of Rosai-Dorfman disease was seen in a male in the 3rd decade of life. Conclusion: This study shows that metastatic tumours, Hodgkins lymphoma and Non Hodgkins lymphoma constituting 52.4% of all cases of cervical lymphadenopathy are common in this environment therefore highlighting the need for early and proper evaluation of patients.
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    Morphological Pattern of Endometrial Biopsies In South Western Nigeria.
    (Association of Resident Doctors, University College Hospital, 2016) Abdullahi, Y. M.; Ajani, M. A.; Iyapo, O.; Aramide, K. O.; Okolo, C. A.; Akang, E. E.
    Background: Endometrium remains the most sensitive indicator of ovarian function and endometrial biopsy is one of the diagnostic procedures in endometrial pathology. The current study was carried out to examine the morphological pattern of endometrial biopsies in Ibadan, South-western Nigeria and compare the results with similar studies. Method: A retrospective study was undertaken to review all cases of endometrial biopsies received in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan between January 1999 and December 2008. The patients’ data were retrieved from the surgical pathology daybooks and Histology Request forms. The neoplastic lesions were classified according to 2003 World Health Organization classification for endometrial neoplasms. Results: A total of 2,444 cases of endometrial biopsies were received during the 10-year study period. The functional endometrial changes were the most common histopathological diagnostic category, accounting for 53.8% (1035) of cases. Other pathological diagnoses included endometritis (7.8%), simple endometrial hyperplasia (5.8%), partial hydatidiform mole (2.3%), complete hydatidiform mole (2.1%) and malignant neoplastic lesions (3.9%). Infertility was the most common (57%) indication for endometrial biopsies followed by uterine bleeding (33%) while the least common clinical indication were the menstrual disorders (10%). Conclusion: The functional endometrial changes account for the highest morphological patterns while malignant lesions account for the least pattern of the endometrial biopsies evaluated for etiological basis of infertility, uterine bleeding and menstrual disorders in Ibadan. Infertility was the commonest indication for endometrial biopsies while the least common clinical indication was menstrual disorders.
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    Evaluation of canine dental health problems in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (2014-09) Eyarefe, O. D.; Oni, A.F.; Emikpe, B.O.
    Clinical evaluation for Dental Disease Conditions (DDC) in companion animals is an integral aspect of routine dental health care procedure in veterinary practice which often is less practice in Nigeria. This study evaluated the occurrence of DDC and possible inciting causes with a focus of providing a meaningful basis for canine dental health care in Nigeria. Fifty-seven dogs (30 males and 27 females) made up of 10 different breeds and presented at 3 major Veterinary Hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria were assessed for periodontal disease (PD), dental calculus (DC), dental abrasion (DA) and their association with other systemic diseases using Dental probe, Glucometer, Urinalysis strip and PD survey questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation at > 0.05 level of significance. The prevalence of PD was the highest (82.46%) while DC was 80.70% and DA, 57.89%. PD was observed to be more common in male (83.33%) dogs, while calculus formation and dental attrition were more common in female dogs. The incidence and severity of dental disease conditions increased with age. There was a positive correlation (p=0.04) between PD and DC and between DC and DA (p=0.00). The order of nutritional inciting cause of PD, DC and DA is compounded food > home food > waste from eateries. This investigation showed a high incidence of DDC in dogs with no dental health care and nutrition could be an inciting cause. This showed that there is need for patients’ dental health care in veterinary practice in Nigeria