Wildlife & Fisheries management

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Author: search.filters.author.Bello, O. S.Subject: search.filters.subject.Clarias gariepinus

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    Investigation into the healing properties of walnut (tetracarpidium conophorum) leaf and onion (allium cepa) bulb residues in clarias gariepinus
    (2013-05) Bello, O. S.; Emikpe, B. O.; olaifa, F. E.
    The study evaluated the effect of dietary inclusion levels of walnut leaf (WL) and onion bulb (OB) residues on dermal wound healing of Clarias gariepinus. The experiment was carried out in 9 experimental tanks (1.8 m x 2 m x 1.2 m) for 14 days. Nine experimental diets were formulated at 40% crude protein representing the following inclusion levels: Control (0%), OB2 (0.5%), OB3 (1.0%), OB4 (1.5%), OB5 (2.0%), WL6 (0.5%), WL7 (1.0%), WL8 (1.5%) and WL9 (2.0%). Fish (mean weight of 1kg) were fed twice daily at 3% body weight. Percentage healing and daily healing rate on lateral and caudal parts of the male and female Clarias gariepinus were investigated at 0, 7 and 14 days. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at P < 0.05. The results demonstrated that the fish fed with walnut leaf and onion bulb residues showed better performance than the control. Dermal wound healing of Clarias gariepinus was better on lateral and caudal parts (100%, 14.29; 100%, 14.29) in WL 8 compared to the control (98%, 14.00; 80%, 11.43) respectively. The results obtained showed that the male Clarias gariepinus had better healing compared to the female (100%, 14.29; 82%, 11.71), respectively. Diets with walnut leaf and onion bulb residues had wound healing properties and they could be use in fish farming. Also, the inclusion of 1.5% of walnut leaf residue in fish feed promotes wound healing in Clarias gariepinus
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    The protective effect of walnut (tetracarpidium conophorum) leaf and onion (allium cepa) bulb residues on the experimental pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in clarias gariepinus juveniles
    (African Union, 2012) Bello, O. S.; Emikpe, B. O.; olaifa, F. E.
    The study assessed the effect of Walnut Leaf (WL) and Onion Bulb (OB) residues on disease resistance of Clarias gariepinus juveniles against infection with the bacteria pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clarias gariepinus juveniles were fed with diets containing 0 (control), OB2 (0.5%), OB3 (1.0%), OB4 (1.5%), OB5 (2.0%), WL6 (0.5%), WL7 (1.0%), WL8 (1.5%) and WL9 (2.0%). Biochemical (serum total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin: globulin ratio) and haematological indices of the fish were investigated. Fish were exposed to 0.5ml of 107 Pseudomonas aeruginosa of 24h old culture with the percentage mortality and relative level of protection recorded for 4 weeks post – infection. The results demonstrated that the fish fed with treated diets showed increased in biochemical and haematological indices (P<0.05) compared with the control. The challenge infection showed an improvement from treated groups with percentage mortalities and relative level of protection highest in WL8 (3.33%, 90%) and OB2 (3.33%, 90%) and least (33.33%, 0%) in control respectively. The results suggest that walnut leaf residue at 1.5% inclusion for one month could be a potential, less expensive and promising dietary supplement that would positively affect growth, haematology and make C. gariepinus more resistant to Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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    The effect of walnut (tetracarpidium conophorum) leaf and onion (allium cepa) bulb residues on the tissue bacteriological changes of clarias gariepinus juveniles
    (2012) Bello, O. S.; Olaifa, F. E.; Emikpe, B. O.; Ogunbanwo, S. T.
    In this study, the effect of walnut leaf (WL) and onion bulb (OB) residues on tissue bacteriology of Clarias gariepinus juveniles by dietary intake was investigated. Nine experimental diets: control (0%), OB2 (0.5%), OB3 (1.0%), OB4 (1.5%), OB5 (2.0%), WL6 (0.5%), WL7 (1.0%), WL8 (1.5%) and WL9 (2.0%) were formulated and replicated thrice at 40% crude protein. Fish (mean weight 7.4±0.02g) were fed twice daily at 3% body weight for 12 weeks. Microbiological analyses of water and fish (skin, gill, intestine and liver) and organ index (liver, spleen, kidney and heart) were investigated. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p=0.05. Results of enterobacteriacea and total viable count from this study revealed that bacterial loads on the water and fish of the experimental tanks were more affected by A. cepa and T. conophorum than the control for 4, 8 and 12 weeks and were significantly different (P<0.05) from the control. The values decreased in treated groups as the levels of inclusion (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) increased and as the months increased. Also, organ index showed that the liver, heart, kidney and spleen were not significantly increased in all the treated groups and the control. The results suggest that walnut leaf and onion bulb residues inclusion in the diet of Clarias gariepinus could be a potential, less expensive and promising dietary supplementation that would positively influence growth, reduce and prevent bacterial infections in fish culture.
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    The effect of walnut (tetracarpidium conophorum) leaf and onion (allium cepa) bulb residues on the growth performance and nutrient utlization of clarias gariepinus juveniles
    (Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2012) Bello, O. S.; Olaifa, F. E.; Emikpe, B. O.; Ogunbanwo, S. T.
    Feeding trial were conducted in experimental tanks (50 x 34 x 27 cm) to assess the growth responses and nutrient utilization of Walnut Leaf (WL) and Onion Bulb (OB) residues in Clarias gariepinus. Nine experimental diets: control (0%), OB2 (0.5%), OB3 (1.0%), OB4 (1.5%), OB5 (2.0%), WL6 (0.5%), WL7 (1.0%), WL8 (1.5%) and WL9 (2.0%) were formulated and replicated thrice at 40% crude protein. Fish (mean weight 7.39±0.02 g and length 10.37±1.24 cm) were fed twice daily at 3% body weight for 12 weeks. Mean Weight Gain (MWG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were measured. Temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were determined using standard methods and economic analysis was investigated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p=0.05. Results showed that the Fish on OB and WL residue- based diets had higher growth than those on control diet but C. gariepinus fed WL8 had significantly higher MWG, SGR and FCR of 53.81±1.20 g, 1.09±0.11 g and 2.16±0.01 respectively of all treatments. The values of temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were closely related and were still within the range for fish culture in the tropics. WL8 had higher profit index (1.40) and incidence of cost (0.032) and the least in OB5 (1.18) (0.039) respectively. These suggest that walnut leaf residue at 1.5% inclusion could be a potential, less expensive and promising dietary supplementation than onion bulb residue and control that would positively affect growth and water quality of Clarias gariepinus in aquaculture
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    PERFORMANCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIALS OF ONION (Allium cepa Linn) BULB AND WALNUT (Tetracarpidium conophorum Mull. Arg) LEAF IN THE DIET OF Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822
    (2014) Bello, O. S.
    High cost of conventional feedstuffs and competition between livestock and fish for ingredients necessitate research into low cost, non-conventional feedstuffs for profitable fish farming. In aquaculture, the emphasis is on producing feeds that promote growth and health of fish. There is scanty documentation of the potential of onion (Allium cepa) bulbs and walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) leaves in fish production. The growth performance of Clarias gariepinus on diets containing Onion Bulb (OB) and Walnut Leaf (WL) and their antibacterial activities were therefore investigated. Growth experiments, replicated 3 times with 20 fish per replicate, were carried out for 18 weeks on C. gariepinus juveniles. Experimental diets composed of control (0%), OB2 (0.5%), OB3 (1.0%), OB4 (1.5%), OB5 (2.0%), WL6 (0.5%), WL7 (1.0%), WL8 (1.5%) and WL9 (2.0%) were fed twice daily at 3% body weight. Mean Weight Gain (MWG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were measured. Also, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), Total Protein (TP), Amino Alanine Transferase (ALT) and Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) contents were determined using standard methods. Antibacterial activities and inhibition of diameter of ethanol and methanol extracts of OB and WL were evaluated against four clinical strains of bacteria isolates from C. gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus using agar well diffusion method. Microbial loads of water and fish tissues (skin, gill, intestine and liver) were determined using American Public Health Association (APHA) methods. Clarias gariepinus juveniles were innoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 5.0x10-6cfu/mL intraperitoneally and fed the different diets to assess their Level of Protection (LP). Wound (1cm2) was created on lateral and caudal parts of the C. gariepinus and percentage Dermal Wound Healing (DWH) was investigated using standard methods. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p=0.05 Fish on OB and WL based diets had higher growth rates than the control diet but C. gariepinus fed WL8 had significant higher MWG, SGR and FCR of 53.81±1.20g, 1.09±0.11g and 2.16±0.01 respectively. The PCV (34.5±0.7%), Hb (10.65±0.07g/dL), TP (5.70±0.99g/dL), ALT (22.50±3.40 μ/L) and AST (139.00±9.90 μ/L) in WL were significantly higher than those of OB. The OB and WL extracts had inhibition zones of 10±0.01mm and 12±0.01mm diameter respectively against P. aeruginosa; 11±0.00mm and 11±0.01mm diameter against Pseudomonas fluorescens; 11±0.01mm and 13.5±0.01mm diameter against Staphylococcus aureus. Microbial loads in water (log10cfu/mL) 4.37±0.02, skin, gill, intestine and liver (log10cfu/g) were 3.35±0.05, 3.20±0.06, 3.27±0.04 and 3.25±0.07 respectively in fish on WL diets. These values were significantly lower than the corresponding values for OB. The LP against P. aeruginosa were higher in WL8 (90%) and OB2 (90%) than uninnoculated fish. The DWH of C. gariepinus was better on lateral and caudal parts (100%, 100%) in WL8 compared to the control (98%, 80%) respectively. Fish fed with onion bulb and walnut leaf diets had improved mean weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio, and were more resistant to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection