Wildlife & Fisheries management
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Item Effect of partial replacement of soybean meal with jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis) as an alternative plant protein in the practical diets of cat fish (Clarias gariepinus)(2015) Olukunle, O. A.; Oshoke, O. J.; Idowu, O. G.This study assessed the potentials of Jackbean seed meal (JBSM) for partial replacement of soybean in diets of Clarias gariepinus. Hence, five diets were formulated at 40% crude protein level as Soybean in control diet (CD) was replaced progressively at (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) by JBSM in test diets TD1, TD2, TD3, TD 4 respectively. The Jackbean seeds were treated by dehulling, soaking in ash and followed by boiling to reduce the anti nutritional content (canavanine) present in the seeds. Fifteen plastic tanks of (37 liters) containing 25 liters of water was used for growth trial. Each treatment contained 15 fingerlings with an average weight of 6.44 ± 0.1g in three replicates per treatment. Test fish in each tank were fed 5% of their biomass twice daily for 84days. At the end of the experiment proximate composition and growth parameters were analyzed. Result showed that fish fed TD 1 (5% inclusion level) and TD2 (10% inclusion level) compared favourably with the control diet (P ? 0.05). Fish fed control diet had the best specific growth rate (0.54) and feed efficiencies (Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER)= 0.41 and (Food Conversion Ratio, FCR= 6.57). However, considering the results of the statistical analysis used to compare the difference between the means of the different treatment, TD1 (5% inclusion level) compared most favourable with the control in terms of mean weight gain (8.87), specific growth rate (0.39) which was significantly different (P ? 0.05) from other treatments, PER from CD, TD3 and TD4 which are not significantly different (P ? 0.05) from TD2, and FCR (9.41) which was not significantly different (P ? 0.05) from CD but significantly different (P ? 0.05) from TD2, TD3 and TD4. From the results of this study, it shows that 5% of soybean in the diet can be replaced with JBMS without any adverse effect on the growth performance.Item Haematological changes of Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed different dietary lipid(Fisheries Society of Nigeria, 2012) Oshoke, J. O.; Olukunle, O. A.; Ajayi, A. I.; Dasuki, Saulawa, L. A. A.Twelve weeks feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary lipid sources on the hematological changed in Clarias gariepinus juveniles, 6 iso-nitroginous diets were formulated at 45% CP and fed to triplicate groups of 15 juveniles. The feed contained (Palm Seed Oil (PSO), Ugwu Seed (USO), Soya Bean Oil (SBO), Almond Seed Oil (ASO), Mixture Of All the vegetable oil + the fish oil (MOA) and Cod Liver Oil (CLO) which is the control. The oils were added at 5% inclusion level respectively. Fish of mean weight 22.83+ 0.30g were fed these experimental diets in triplicate groups. The hematological analyses of fish showed that the red blood cell, white blood cell, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Mean cell volume (MCV), Mean cell Haemoglobin (MCH) and packed cell volume were not significantly different (p<0.05), but haemoglobin concentration and Mean cell haemologlobin concentration (MCHC) were significantly different (p>0.05). The present study showed that PSO, USO, ASO, SBO and MOA can effectively replace cod liver oil without compromising the health of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus.Item Hormonal and haematological responses of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) to nitrite toxicity(Medwell Journals, 2007) Ajani, F.; Olukunle, O. A.; Agbede, S. A.Study on hormonal and haematological responses of Clarias gariepinus to nitrite toxicity was carried out to know the magnitude of the effects of this stressor on fish physiology. Haematological responses of C. gariepinus to sub-lethal levels of nitrite (0.1 g L-1) at different exposure h (0, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h) were carried out. Blood samples of C. gariepinus were collected at each exposure h and evaluated for primary and secondary stress indicators. Data obtained were subjected to simple descriptive analysis, analysis of variance and Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis. When exposed to nitrite, there was progressive increase in plasma cortisol level of C. gariepinus from 0 h (101.00± 0.10 ng dL-1) to 48 h (161.00± 1.20 ng dL-1), this later decreased at 72 h (107.00±1.60 ng dL-1), it increased in 96 h to 136.00±1.00 ng dL-1. PCV and Hb were elevated after 6 h of exposure and decreased significantly (p<0.05) at 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure in fish exposed to sub-lethal level of nitrite. From the value of 3.69±0.01 106/l recorded at 0 h, RBC level decreased significantly (p<0.05) at 6 h, this was followed by significant increase (p<0.05) at 24 h. The RBC value later decreased gradually to 2.20±0.56 106 L-1 at 96 h. The study shows that hormonal and haematology balances of C. gariepinus was affected on short term exposure to nitrite toxicity.Item Evaluation of haematological responses of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) to ammonia and nitrite levels in some selected fish farms in ibadan, Nigeria(2005) Ajani, F.; Olukunle, O. A.; Olaniran, T. S.This study evaluated the levels of ammonia and nitrite in Clarias gariepinus in some selected fish farms in Ibadan. Twelve active fish farms were selected on the basis of their cultural practices and environments: extensive 4 each from semi-intensive and intensive systems. Ammonia and nitrite levels and their sources to the farms were studied. Blood samples of randomly selected 20 C gariepinus were collected in each of these farms and evaluated for primary and secondary stress indicators. The mean PCV (37.1 ±7.3%), WBC (3.4 ± 3.21 103/mm3) of fish samples from farms with semi intensive system were the highest (P<0.05) when compared with the other culture systems. The mean values of plasma cortisol (70.29 ± 8.9ng/dl), plasma sodium (134.6 ± 8.0mg/dl), plasma chloride (104.7± 4.0ng/dt) and plasma glucose (88.9 ± 33.6mM) recorded in semi-intensive system were the highest and were significantly different (P<0.05) from values obtained from the other culture systems. Haematological and hormonal balances of adult C. gariepinus were affected under short-term exposure to nitrite and ammonia toxicity in culture environment.Item Use of sesame seed cake as replacement for fishmeal in diets for catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)(APAS Institute of Scienctific Research and Development, 1998) Olukunle, O. A.; Falaye, A. E.A 6-week feeding trail was conducted in glass tanks with juvenile Clarias gariepinus to examine the effects of partial and total replacement of fishmeal with sesame seed cake protein. Five semi-purified isonutrogenous diets (I,II, III, IV, V containing 40% protein) and isocaloric (3.9 Kcal gross energy/g of dry diet) were formulated to contain varying percentage of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% solvent extracted sesame seed cake in replacement for fishmeal. Diet 1 (0% sesame seed cake protein) was the control. Specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were not significantly different (P>0.05) from diets I,II,III,IV in weight gain, SGR, FCR and PER. The results of this study suggest that sesame seed cake cannot to totally replace fishmeal in diets for Clarias gariepinus. However, at 25% replacement of fishmeal by sesame seed cake will give similar SGR, FCR, and PER when compared to an all fishmeal diet, but was found to be richer in methionine and arginine.