Wildlife & Fisheries management
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Item Evaluation of Range Condition and Trend of Ikwe Forest Reserve Igbor, Gwer-East Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria(2017) Yager G.O; Alarape, A.A.; Bunza, M.SPublic concern over biological resources assessment has grown over the decade due to a decline in resources through habitat fragmentation. The study was designed to evaluate the range condition and trend of Ikwe Forest Reserve in Gwer-East local government area of Benue State, Nigeria. Assessment of herbaceous cover and composition, woody plant/shrubs density and plant vigor were carried out in randomly selected sample plots. Litter cover was determined by step point transect method, while erosion and its extent were assessed by presence and degree of gullies. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results obtained showed that the herbaceous cover composed of perennials (39%) and annuals (61%).Item Crop raiding by olive baboon (Papio anubis) around Kainji lake national park, Nigeria(2015) Alarape, A. A.; Odebiyi, B. R.; Halidu, S.K.Human beings are known to be one of the major predators of baboon; either for consumption or as a form of pest control for their farmlands. Fields adjacent to protected areas are mostly affected by majority of baboon raids. This study investigated the crop raiding activities of Olive baboon (Papio anubis) around Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria. Data were collected through administration of questionnaires to seventy-seven farmers in ten randomly selected villages. The study focused on farmers that encountered baboon on their farms and that showed a good knowledge of baboon as it was expected of them to be the most informative about crop raiding activities by Olive baboon. The results indicated that maize, yam and cassava were the mostly planted crops by the farmers. They were equally the mostly raided crops by olive baboon. They are favoured foods of primate crop raiders. Most of the raiding activities were carried out in the morning. The findings suggests that the bulk of the raiding would have been conducted very early in the morning with the aid of their cheek pouch used for food storage and to avoid persecution or predation by farmers latter in the day. Logically, majority of the farmers around Kainji Lake National Park adopted scaring as a means of controlling attack by baboons since most of the crop raidings were carried out before their arrival on the farm. This also demonstrates the farmers` level of tolerance. Future surveys should monitor the trend of tolerance and the rate at which the changes occur. Subsequent researches on crop raiding should extend the scope of study to assess any relationship between the distance of the farms to park boundary and extent of damage. Communities’ attitudes towards primate conservation need to be assessed as it has consequences on conservation efforts in protected areas. Park management should be more proactive in addressing human wildlife conflict to avoid animosity in support zone communities.Item The distribution and abundance of baboons (Papio Anubis) in Sambisa game reserve(2015) Modu, M.; Alarape, A.A.; Omifolaji, J.K.; Burabe, B.I.Base line information on animal population distribution and abundance is crucial to planning and implementation of effective management strategies for the conservation of species. There is paucity of information on the distribution and abundance of papio anubis in Sambisa game reserve. Therefore, this study was carried out to obtain information on estimate, population structure and abundance of the species, as well as habitat disturbances. The line transect sampling method was used for the enumeration. The data obtained was analyzed using the software package DISTANCE 6.0 to determine population density estimate. The result indicated that Baboon population was concentrated in three ranges of the Reserve a Range has suffered habitat disturbances resulting into insignificant number of primates. The mean encounter rates (MERs) for the species was 1.85km-1. Baboon had the estimated density of about 12km-2. There was a significant difference in the pattern of the species densities for morning and evening counts. The mean encounter rate for Baboon were 1.15 km-1 (n=110) and 0.71 km-1 (n= 68) individual animals for morning and evening sightings respectively. The relative density for the primate species across the four ranges in the reserve revealed that Baboon was not recorded in Balda range and only 2 individuals sighted in Jeltere. Kwada and yuwe range have the highest abundance of 119 and 57 individuals sighted respectively. The population structure shows declining trend as number of juveniles was relatively lower than adult population. However, the relatively higher percentage of female adults may result in population growth, if majority of them are within the breeding age. The highest numbers of primate species were found in the centre of the reserve (Kwada and Yuwe) where habitat disturbances were controlled.Item Relative density and distribution of tantalus monkey (Cercopithecus tantalus) in the four ranges of Sambisa game reserve(2015) Modu, M.; Alarape, A.A.; Omifolaji, J.K.; Burabe B.I.Tantalus monkey (Cercopithecus tantalus) was reported as widely abundant primate species in Sambisa Game Reserve. In order to provide information on the density of Tantalus monkey, this research was undertaken to study the abundance and distribution of the species in the Reserve. The line transects method of estimating animal population was used for the enumeration. An analysis of data was conducted using the software package DISTANCE 6.0 to determine population density estimate. Kwada, Yuwe, Jeltere and Balda are the four ranges within the reserve. Considering the number of species sighted, Tantalus monkey is widespread throughout the reserve where it was sighted in all the 4 ranges with the highest density of 10.84 km-2 (n=80) in Yuwe range. In Jeltere ecological habitat for the species survival is under threats. Habitat loss and habitat degradation in the area are principally due to illegal logging, forest fires and forest clearance for agriculture harbored very few individual of the species. The mean encounter rates (MERs) for the species 1.58km-1 with density estimate of about 11km-2. There was a significant difference in the pattern of the species densities for morning and evening count indicating less activity in the evening with mean encounter rate of 0.54 km-1 (n=85) and 0.43 km-1 (n= 67) individual animals for morning and evening sightings respectively. The relative density for the species across the four ranges in the reserve revealed that Tantalus monkey was present in all the four ranges of the game reserve. A total of only 21 Tantalus monkey were sighted in the Balda range, this calls for close monitoring and control of its population particularly within the range.Item Wildlife Domestication as a panacea to sustainable forest conservation in Nigeria(Forestry Association of Nigeria, 2013) Labode, P.; Ogunsanwo, O.Y; Adekunle, V.A.J; Azeez, I.O.; Adewole, N.O.Nigeria is blessed with biological resources including wildlife resources. There are over 22,090 species of wild-animals, including insects and 889 species of bird. About 247 species of mammals have been identified in Nigeria, making the eight highest in Africa. These resources are being threatened on a continuous basis by quite a number of factors which are mainly human-induced.This paper attempts to review the various threat to wildlife resource in Nigeria and highlighted the achievements made so far on wildlife domestication. To achieve the federal government of Nigeria goals on enviromental sustainability, Federal states and local governments in Nigeria were advised to increased the funding of wildlife domestication projects as well as borrow a leave from the republli of benin's experience on wildlife domestication.Item Comparison of economic feasibility and sensory characteristics of giant land snail with selected bushmeats(2014-06) Oduntan, O. O.; Shotuyo, A. L. A.; Akinyemi, A. F.; Osunsina, I. O. O.; Ayodele, A. I.Item Wildlife-human interface: a case study of Obudu cattle ranch, Cross River state, Nigeria(California Digital Library, University of California, 2010) Akinyemi, A. F.Item Importance of wildlife and non-timber forest products of the Cross River rainforest, Nigeria(Tropbase Printers, Port Harcourt, 2010) Edet, D. I.; Akinyemi, A. F.Item Evaluation of African catfish Clarias gariepinus responses to graded levels of zinc practical diet(2016) Umma, S. B.; Olukunle, O.Fisheries and aquaculture contribute significantly to food security and livelihood; therefore, fish and fish products are projected as being among the most widely traded foods. Fish like other animals has requirement for essential nutrients in order to grow properly. Such essential foods are available in the wild for fish to forage extensively to meet their body needs. The variable factors such as climate change, environment, season of the year and location among others determines the abundance and search for these foods. These factors modifies aquatic environment and make it difficult for fish in the wild to forage adequately. Therefore, enough food in the form of artificial diet is required to furnish fish with the nutrients it need out of its natural environment for optimal growth. However, most of the challenges facing the formulation of feed are on the affordability, ready acceptability and bioavailability for fish optimal growth. Therefore, trace minerals which are needed in minute quantity at a time for the general health maintenance and growth of an animal offers a soft landing to this challenges; however, their deficiency perturbs the wellbeing of the fish. Zinc has been recognized to play a vital role in almost every aspect of living system either directly or indirectly. The biochemical components of fish diet that needs varying in terms of percent inclusion to render the protein in feed more bioavailable should be encouraged. The objectives of this study includes determination of the; required dietary zinc inclusion that is essential for juvenile African catfish Clarias gariepinus growth, serum biochemical profile of African catfish juveniles post feeding response to growth, and haematological responses of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) to graded levels of zinc nutrient. Growth performance, serum biochemistry and physiological response to graded levels of practical dietary zinc fed to African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juvenile were investigated. Water quality was monitored throughout the period of the study and the results showed that all parameters were within the required and tolerable ranges for catfish. The mean weight of fish fed dietborne zinc nutrients revealed that there were no significant differences in growth responses to graded levels of dietary zinc inclusions of 0, 5.46, 10.96, 16.40, 21.86 and 27.33mg Znkg-1 . The results for the mean weight revealed that there are no significant variations in mean weight since P>0.05. However the mean weight for the diet increased with respect to dietary zinc inclusion (Figure 1). The SGR, FCR, GFCE, F.I and RGR, also showed no significant variations among fish fed. The PCV revealed that there are no significant variations among the values for the fish fed with Diets 3, 4 and 5. The serum biochemistry revealed significant variations in the serum total protein (T,P) among fish fed on all the Diets, with the highest values in fish fed Diets 4 and the minimum values in fish fed Diet 2. Fish fed dietary zinc had slightly altered haematological and serum biochemistry in response to dietary zinc.Item The growth performance and survival of Clarias gariepinus fry raised in homestead concrete tanks(Academic Journals Inc., 2012) Olukunle, O.Fertilizer application in earthen ponds has been used as a low-cost method of sustainable aquaculture production. This study was carried out to investigate the growth response of African catfish fry, Clarias gariepinus in three different culture media in homestead concrete tanks. The water in the control (T1) was not treated while T2 and T3 were treated with poultry droppings and soy bean milk filtrate, respectively. Nine hundred catfish fry weighing averagely 0.67-0.69 g were randomly allocated to the 3 treatments in equal number. In each tank (2x3x1.5 m) were suspended, 3 net cages each of dimension, 1x1x1 m containing 100 fry. The fish in tank 1 (control treatment) were fed fish meal from the start at 5% of their body weight and four times daily. The other treatments were not fed at all for the first 7 days. Feeding with fishmeal commenced for treatments T2 and T3 on the next 8-14 day. The weights of the feed were adjusted after weekly weighing of the culture media for phytoplankton composition. The best weight increase was recorded in T1 (2.33 g). The highest survival rate was in T3 (98%). Treatment T3 (11.56±1.14x103) generated higher concentrations of most of identified zooplanktons than treatments T1 (5.39±0.73x103) and T2 (12.78±0.98x103). These zooplanktons were absent in treatments T1 and T2. The result indicates that fertilizing the culture medium using soybean milk filtrate or poultry droppings improved the growth and of C. gariepinus.