Wildlife & Fisheries management
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Item Assessment of bush meat exploitation by hunters in Ifon Area of Ondo state, Nigeria(2019) Alarape, A. A.; Aduloju, M. M.This study assessed the bush meat exploitation by hunters in Ifon Area of Ondo State. Questionnaire was administered as interview guide to all 30 members of hunters association in the area as well as personal visits and observations were made, while discussions and interviews were made use of to obtain information on the study area. Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics (Frequency count and Percentage, Measure of Central Tendency and Measure of Dispersion). Results reveal that the bush meat species commonly found and consumed, reasons for bush meat hunting, the effect of bush meat exploitation on the area and the level of awareness with regard to the negative impact of bush meat exploitation on Wildlife Conservation. Based on these findings, it is essential that, logging companies are encouraged or urged not to facilitate bush meat hunting and transportation in their concessions. Likewise, social marketing activities should be put in place to attempt to direct consumer preferences for animal protein away from bush meat species that are particularly susceptible to over-exploitation.Item Group composition and friendship among olive baboons (papio anubis lesson, 1827) in kainji lake national park, nigeria(2019) Alarape A. A.; Odebiyi B. R.; Osaguona, P. O.; Ogunjobi J. A.Primate population studies have provided baseline data on the number of animals that can be monitored. Primate inventory is essential for the evaluation of population dynamics. However, there is no such regular inventory of olive baboons (Papio anubis) in Kainji Lake National Park (KLNP). This study centered on the group composition and interaction among groups of olive baboons in KLNP. Direct count method was used to determine the population structure of identified olive baboon groups. A group was identified in each of the four Ranges (Oli, Doro, Kali and Kemenji) where olive baboons were found distributed. Census was conducted in the morning (630-730hrs) and evening (1830-1930hrs) during the dry season for a period of three months (February - April). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the differences between the sampling periods, age groups and sampling locations. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between different age groups. There were 48 individuals in four olive baboon groups identified with adult male to female ratio of 1:2.13. There was no significant difference between the sampling periods. There was significant difference between the sampling locations. There was a positive demographic relationship (r2:0.25) between adult male and female olive baboons. Adult male and female olive baboons had close social interaction among each other. Olive baboons in KLNP had an optimum sex ratio. Adult male and female baboons cultivated friendships and were socially integrated. Observations and experimental studies on friendships between adult male and female should be conducted to substantiate the perceived benefits of social interaction in the study area.Item Religion as an effective tool in forestry practices, wildlife management and environmental sustainability in Kogi state, Nigeria(2018) Shuaibu, R. B.; Alarape, A. A.; Bichi, H. M.This paper examined religion as an effective tool in forestry practices, wildlife management and environmental sustainability in Nigeria. The roles of forestry and wildlife management in environmental sustainability are very imperative. This study was carried out in Kogi State, Nigeria. Data were obtained from Seven (7) randomly selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) within Kogi State. Structured questionnaire, direct field observation, and personal interview were used to collect information from indigenous people within the Study Area. Structured questionnaire was administered on Thirty (30) randomly selected respondents from each of the LGAs making a total number of Two hundred and Ten (210) respondents. The data was subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis such as table and graph; and parametric statistics, respectively. The results showed that there were Thirty-Nine (39) sacred forests, Twenty-Five (25) burial ground forests, and Seven (7) plantation forests in the Study Area. The results also showed that One-Hundred and Sixty-three (163) out of Two-Hundred and Ten (210) respondents are of the view that religion can be used to prevent deforestation, wildlife destruction, and environmental degradation. The inferential analysis using student’s t-test and ANOVA shows significant differences which implies that most of the respondents accept religion as an effective tool to reduce forest and wildlife destruction, and also that the sacred forests are the most preserved forests in the Study Area. Therefore, involvement of all stakeholders, religious leaders and their followers in sustainable forest/wildlife management and environment sustainability will go a long way to reduce deforestation, desertification, and extinction of some trees/shrubs/wild plants, wild animals, and environmental degradation.Item Feeding ecology of primates in Pandam wildlife park, Plateau State, Nigeria.(2018) Abideen A.A.; Gabriel O.Y.; David E.Primates are ecologically flexible and generalist feeders yet selective in choice of diet. Insufficient information on the plants consumed by primates hinders appropriate and deliberate conservation measures. I therefore seek to identify the plants species, dominant part consumed in Pandam Wildlife Park (PWLP). Direct observation method was adopted along 2km line transect to record food plants species and part consumed by primates for a period of 6 months. Proximate composition of food plants were determined using standard procedures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic and ANOVA at (p<0.01). Feeding sites were identified along riparian strata, savanna woodland and the swampy strata and four primates species belonging to one family (Cercopithecidae) were encountered, which include Cercopithecus mona, Erythrocebus patas, Papio anubis and, Chlorocebus tantalus, all primates were observed to feed in group. Seventeen food plants beonging to 14 families, one grass species (Andropogon gayanus), four invertebrates (Lumbrucis terrestris, Eurymerodesmus spp and Chinocectes opilio) and two crop plants (Zea mays and Sorghum vulgare) were identified. Plant parts consumed by primates include fruit, (75%) and leaves (25%). Among the food plant species, the highest crude proteins (11.86±0.07a), fats/oil (13.57±0.06a), ash (10.67±0.03a), moisture (13.63±0.07a), and crude fiber (27.85±0.48a) where obtained in Piliostigma thonningii, Rafia sundanica, Piliostigma thonningii, Stryhtinos spinose, and Tamarindus indica. Primates in the study area fed on variety of food items, predominantly on fruits irrespective of the season. Their frugivorous tendency has far ranching ecological implication with attendant effect on seed dispersal, seed treatment, seed predation, food predation, food competition, food provision, food scarcity among other sympatric animals that have fruits constituting a portion of their diet.Item Biodiversity conservation problems and their implication on rangeland and ecotourism management in Gashaka-Gumti national park, Nigeria(2018) Yager, G. O.; Alarape, A. A.; Enogela, O. M.; Tyowua, B.T.The study investigates the prevalence of conservation and management problems affecting biodiversity and their implications on rangeland productivity and ecotourism activities in Gashaka-Gumti National Park, Taraba State, Nigeria. Data were collected from villagers in support zone communities and staff of the park through questionnaires. The study revealed that farming on parkland, logging, Livestock grazing and poaching are the major problems affecting biodiversity in the park. More so, lack of manpower, insufficient funding and insecurity are the major management problems identified. Implication of these on rangeland productivity and ecotourism activities of the park was downward trend in range condition, low level of tourist inflow and revenue generated by the park as well as low benefit accruable to the local economy. To reduce the spate of illegal activities and its effects, it was suggested that, community participation, conservation awareness aimed at changing local people’s attitude and provision of incentives should be embarked upon by the management of the park and government.Item Preliminary Assessment of Fauna Species Diversity in Ipinu Igede Community Range Forest in Oju Local Government of Benue State, Nigeria(2018) Yager, G.O.; Alarape, A.A.; Onuwa, O.A.Background and Objectives: Appraisal of fauna species which form an integral part of range ecology, in rangeland based protected areas is necessary before any meaningful conservation work can commence. This study was aimed at assessing the composition of fauna species in the community forest. Methodology: Animal species were enumerated through direct on-site using four transects line of 2.0 km by 10 m broad distributed randomly, field observation and indirect indices. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (table, figures and plates). Results: Fifty-six species of wild animals from 40 families were observed in the study area. There were 21 species of mammals from 15 families, 6 species of reptiles from 6 families and 29 species of birds from 19 families. A total of 1,419 sightings were recorded. The most abundant animal species found in the area were Epixerus ebii, Eidolon helvum, Chlorocebus tantalus, Papio anubis, Philothemus irregularis, Musophaga violacea, Numidia meleagris and Francolinus bicalcaratus. The status of most mammals was Low risk-conservation dependent as applicable to reptiles. All the birds are known to breed in the reserve. Transect C had the highest diversity index (0.0130) and transect A had the lowest animal diversity index (0.0061) but with the highest species count of thirty six (36) and individual animal species sighted (454). Conclusions: The community forest support unique fauna species making it significant in terms of conservation and scientific interest and has to be protected through conservation awareness and community participation to conserve the current state and enhanced its range productivity.Item Perception of Ecotourism among Tertiary Institution Students in Abeokuta Metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria(2018) Alarape, A. A.; Oladele, O. O.The study determined tertiary students’ perception of ecotourism in Abeokuta, Ogun State. Data was garnered from 405 students who were randomly sampled from six tertiary institutions namely; Federal University of Abeokuta (94), Crescent University (23), Federal College of Education Osiele (80), Moshood Abiola Polytechnic Ojere (145), Sacred Heart School of Nursing Lantoro (31) and School of Nursing FMC Idi-Aba (32). The results of this study was presented using descriptive statistical tools such as frequencies, percentages and means, while inferential statistical tool used was Chi Square. The modal age category was 21-25 years (55.1%). Most of the students were female (60.5%) and single (96.8%). The percentages of students in 100 (36.0%) and 200 (32.1%) level were more compared to other levels of study. Students who were aware of ecotourism got to know about it mostly through school (15.6%) and personal interest (11.9%). Only 17.0% indicated awareness of ecotourism initiatives, club or society in their schools, while only 8.6% of the students had ever participated in ecotourism activities.The few students who participated in ecotourism activities engaged in rock climbing (3.2%), sightseeing (1.7%), visitation (1.2%) and trekking (1.5%) once in a while (4.9%). Some (33.6%) of the students indicated lack of information and time (14.8%) as constraining their participation in ecotourism activities. Almost all (90.9%) respondents reflected that they would like to know more about ecotourism. The main reason that stimulates students’ interest in ecotourism was to understand the natural environment (46.9%) and get close to nature (20.7%). Most of the students were favorably disposed towards ecotourism bringing about infrastructural development ( =4.20), positive changes in value system of the community ( =4.30) and employment opportunity for indigenous population ( =4.41). Significant relationship existed between institution attended (χ2 = 0.274, p<0.01), level of study (χ2 = 0.174, p<0.05) and perception of ecotourism. The study recommends intensification of ecotourism awareness, ecotourism advocacy and promotion of programmes that will encourage students’ participation in ecotourism activities.Item Evaluation of Range Condition and Trend of Ikwe Forest Reserve Igbor, Gwer-East Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria(2017) Yager G.O; Alarape, A.A.; Bunza, M.SPublic concern over biological resources assessment has grown over the decade due to a decline in resources through habitat fragmentation. The study was designed to evaluate the range condition and trend of Ikwe Forest Reserve in Gwer-East local government area of Benue State, Nigeria. Assessment of herbaceous cover and composition, woody plant/shrubs density and plant vigor were carried out in randomly selected sample plots. Litter cover was determined by step point transect method, while erosion and its extent were assessed by presence and degree of gullies. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results obtained showed that the herbaceous cover composed of perennials (39%) and annuals (61%).Item Crop raiding by olive baboon (Papio anubis) around Kainji lake national park, Nigeria(2015) Alarape, A. A.; Odebiyi, B. R.; Halidu, S.K.Human beings are known to be one of the major predators of baboon; either for consumption or as a form of pest control for their farmlands. Fields adjacent to protected areas are mostly affected by majority of baboon raids. This study investigated the crop raiding activities of Olive baboon (Papio anubis) around Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria. Data were collected through administration of questionnaires to seventy-seven farmers in ten randomly selected villages. The study focused on farmers that encountered baboon on their farms and that showed a good knowledge of baboon as it was expected of them to be the most informative about crop raiding activities by Olive baboon. The results indicated that maize, yam and cassava were the mostly planted crops by the farmers. They were equally the mostly raided crops by olive baboon. They are favoured foods of primate crop raiders. Most of the raiding activities were carried out in the morning. The findings suggests that the bulk of the raiding would have been conducted very early in the morning with the aid of their cheek pouch used for food storage and to avoid persecution or predation by farmers latter in the day. Logically, majority of the farmers around Kainji Lake National Park adopted scaring as a means of controlling attack by baboons since most of the crop raidings were carried out before their arrival on the farm. This also demonstrates the farmers` level of tolerance. Future surveys should monitor the trend of tolerance and the rate at which the changes occur. Subsequent researches on crop raiding should extend the scope of study to assess any relationship between the distance of the farms to park boundary and extent of damage. Communities’ attitudes towards primate conservation need to be assessed as it has consequences on conservation efforts in protected areas. Park management should be more proactive in addressing human wildlife conflict to avoid animosity in support zone communities.Item The distribution and abundance of baboons (Papio Anubis) in Sambisa game reserve(2015) Modu, M.; Alarape, A.A.; Omifolaji, J.K.; Burabe, B.I.Base line information on animal population distribution and abundance is crucial to planning and implementation of effective management strategies for the conservation of species. There is paucity of information on the distribution and abundance of papio anubis in Sambisa game reserve. Therefore, this study was carried out to obtain information on estimate, population structure and abundance of the species, as well as habitat disturbances. The line transect sampling method was used for the enumeration. The data obtained was analyzed using the software package DISTANCE 6.0 to determine population density estimate. The result indicated that Baboon population was concentrated in three ranges of the Reserve a Range has suffered habitat disturbances resulting into insignificant number of primates. The mean encounter rates (MERs) for the species was 1.85km-1. Baboon had the estimated density of about 12km-2. There was a significant difference in the pattern of the species densities for morning and evening counts. The mean encounter rate for Baboon were 1.15 km-1 (n=110) and 0.71 km-1 (n= 68) individual animals for morning and evening sightings respectively. The relative density for the primate species across the four ranges in the reserve revealed that Baboon was not recorded in Balda range and only 2 individuals sighted in Jeltere. Kwada and yuwe range have the highest abundance of 119 and 57 individuals sighted respectively. The population structure shows declining trend as number of juveniles was relatively lower than adult population. However, the relatively higher percentage of female adults may result in population growth, if majority of them are within the breeding age. The highest numbers of primate species were found in the centre of the reserve (Kwada and Yuwe) where habitat disturbances were controlled.