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A Scoping Review of the Health of African Immigrant and Refugee Children
(MDPI, 2021) Salami, B.; Fernandez-Sanchez, H.; Fouche, C. A.; Kwankye, S. O.; Evans, C.; Sibeko, L.; Tulli, M.; Bulaong, A.; Kwankye, S. O.; Ani-Amponsah, M.; Okeke-Ihejirika, P.; Gommaa H.; Agbemenu K.; Ndikom, C. M.; Richter S.
Migration is a growing phenomenon around the world, including within the African continent. Many migrants, especially African children, face challenges related to health and social in-clusion and can face increased health risks. A systematic scoping review of available literature on the health of African migrant children across the globe was conducted to offer insight into these health risks. The review was conducted over a 15-month period from January 2019 to April 2020, yielding 6602 articles once duplicates were removed. This search included electronic databases, reference lists of articles reviewed, and searches of libraries of relevant organisations. A total of 187 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 159 were quantitative, 22 were qualitative, and 6 used mixed methods. The findings reveal decreased health in this population in areas of nutrition, infectious diseases, mental health, birth outcomes, sexual and reproductive health, physical and developmental health, parasitic infections, oral health, respiratory health, preventative health, endocrine disorders, health care services, and haematological conditions. The findings offer insights into factors influencing the health of African immigrant and refugee children. Further studies, especially qualitative studies, are needed to determine barriers to service access after migration and to investigate other underexplored and overlooked health concerns of African migrant children, including pneumonia and child maltreatment.
A Study of Anxiety on First Time Pregnant Women in Ibadan
(The International Journal of Development Studies, 2008) Olanisimi, B. O.; Ndikom, C. M.
As a result of previous studies that anxiety has deleterious effect on pregnancy, 146 primigradae were tested, on the modified Sarason s General Anxiety scale, at the ante-nata! clinics of the three biggest hospitals in Nigeria. The data generated was analyzed using simple frequency count and percentages. The result indicated that 81% of the primigravidae, representing about 109 of the subjects, were anxious. Similar result was obtained far young, elderly, educated, uneducated and subjects in their second and third trimesters. The counselling implication of the findings includes the need to provide young women with basic childbirth information and counselling before and during pregnancy. Added to this is the need to subject every pregnant woman, who comes far ante-natal clinic, to anxiety test so that remedial action could be taken on those who were found to have anxiety
Adherence to antenatal care among rural pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria
(MA Healthcare, 2021) Abazie O. H.; Okanlawon F. A; Ndikom C. M.
Background: The benefits of early and frequent antenatal care visits include early prevention, detection, treatment of potential pregnancy complications and the reduction of maternal mortality related to these complications. Despite these benefits being explained to them, the majority of pregnant women in developing countries, including Nigeria, do not adhere to antenatal care, as they do not attend the recommended number of antenatal care appointments. Previous research has shown that urban women (84%) are more likely than rural women (56%) to receive antenatal care from a skilled provider. This study examined adherence to antenatal care among rural pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using multistage sampling to select 600 pregnant women from rural areas of Lagos. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect participants' sociodemographic data, knowledge of antenatal care, and adherence to antenatal care. Data were analysed and presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi-square tests were used to assess the association between adherence to antenatal care and knowledge about antenatal care, and logistic regression was used to test the association between participants' characteristics and adherence to antenatal care, with P<0.05 being considered significant. Results: Participants were between 15 and 49 years old and 96.2% were married. The majority of participants had poor knowledge of antenatal care (57.1%), and low adherence to antenatal care (71.7%). However, 73.9% had the overall perception that there were benefits to attending antenatal care. No significant relationship was found between participants' knowledge of and adherence to antenatal care (P=0.32). Occupation was significantly associated with adherence to antenatal care (P=0.03). The majority (54.4%) indicated that perceived barriers are the major cause of non-adherence to antenatal care. Conclusions: Addressing perceived barriers to antenatal care attendance should increase adherence to antenatal care, especially in rural areas of Lagos.
An Overview of Consultant Nursing Specialist in Clinical Practice
(West African College of Nursing, 2011) Adejumo, P. O.; Adejumo, A. O.; Ilesanmi, R. E.; Ofi, A. B.; Oluwatosin, O. A.; Okanlawon, F. A.; Oyetunde, M. O.; Odetola, T. D.; Ndikom, C. M.; Awonuga, O.; Ojewale, L. Y.
As most health care systems around the world are undergoing major restructuring, nurses in Nigeria are moving at a slow pace. However, a giant stride was taken and history was made when the first set of nurse consultants were appointed in University College Hospital, Nigeria. The establishment of this groundbreaking post will help develop our health services and provide clear development opportunities for nurses at a time when the success of modernization of our services and implementation of new ways of working relies so heavily on nursing staff. This paper provides an overview of the consultant nurse specialist in clinical practice. Recommendations for successful implementation in Nigeria were provided.
Assessment and Screening for Gynaecological and Breast Cancers
(University Press PLC, 2015) Ndikom, C. M.
Availability and utilization of skilled attendants for child birth: implications for maternal and human resources development in Nigeria
(Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2015) Ndikom, C. M.; Oyetunde, M. O; Kolawole, I. O.
Shortage of manpower has been a major concern in health care delivery system. Poor utilization of skilled attendants for childbirth has been linked with high maternal mortality in developing nations. The effect has been quite deleterious and has contributed to the shortfalls in the achievement of set health goals. This shortage heavily influences the effective and efficient delivery of services especially in rural communities in Nigeria. Preventable complications of childbirth have resulted in the death of many women during the process of bringing life. The countries that have identified and addressed the issue of skilled attendance at childbirth have witnessed a tremendous reduction in Maternal Mortality. This paper presents a review of availability and utilization of skilled attendants for child birth: Implications for Maternal Mortality and human resources development in Nigeria. It is aimed at highlighting the need for more attention in improving Human resources for maternal and child health care. Anderson’s model of Health care utilization was used to illustrate Health care utilization. Publications on skilled birth attendants, maternal mortality, human resources for health were also reviewed. This review identified that Nigeria is among the countries with shortage in human resources for health and utilization of skilled attendants was below expectation, with slow decline in maternal mortality. Therefore, there is need for more political will in ensuring that the resources needed to improve health care receive more investment. More effort should be made to improve infrastructures in the rural communities to enhance staff retention and access to care.
Awareness and attitudes of women towards cervical cancer screeningin Oyo state, Nigeria
(MA Healthcare, 2014) Bammeke, O. O.; Ndikom, C. M.
"Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women especially in the developing world. This study examined the awareness and the attitude of women towards cervical cancer screening in Agbowo Primary Health Centre in Ibadan, Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional study design and convenient sampling, a questionnaire was administered to collect data from 100 women who utilised postnatal and immunization services in the health centre. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson product moment correlation at significance level of P<0.005. The findings showed that the majority (52%) of the participants were aware of cervical cancer, 58% were aware of cervical cancer screening but only 5.0% had utilised cervical cancer screening services. There was significant positive relationship (r=0.369; P=0.001) between awareness and utilisation of cervical cancer screening services and educational background and utilisation of cervical cancer screening services (P=0.002) as well as economic status and use of the screening services (r=0.276; P=0.001). Attitude and uptake of cervical cancer screening services also showed a positive correlation (r=0.276; P<0.006) some of the factors that influenced uptake include lack of awareness about where to get screened, cost, attitude of health workers and delay in hospitals. The study has shown that cervical cancer screening uptake is still very poor, although, the awareness of cervical screening was fairly high. There is no doubt that education improve uptake of cervical cancer screening. There is still the need to create more awareness and make the services available so as to improve the uptake of cervical cancer screening.
Awareness, perception and factors affecting utilization of cervical cancer screening services among women in Ibadan, Nigeria
(BioMed Central, 2012) Ndikom, C. M.; Ofi, B. A.
Background: Over the years awareness and uptake of cervical cancer screening services has remained poor in developing countries. Problems associated with cervical cancer incidence include late reporting, ignorance and cultural issues relating to cervical cancer screening. This study sought to explore the awareness, perception and utilization of cervical cancer screening among women in Ibadan as well as factors that influence utilization. Method: This is a qualitative study that utilized Eight Focus Group Discussions to collect information from women in selected health facilities in Ibadan, South West, Nigeria. The 82 participants were purposely recruited from women attending Antenatal clinics in 4 secondary and 4 primary health care facilities after approval was received from the Institutional Review Board in charge of the facilities. The focus group discussions were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analyzed into themes. Findings: The study provided qualitative information on the awareness, perception of the utilization of cervical cancer screening services among women in Ibadan. Participants were mainly married women (92.7%), mean age =27.6, SD =4.5, mainly traders (39%) and from Yoruba ethnic backgrounds (87.8%) and had secondary education (39%). The respondents reported not being aware of cervical cancer and were not utilizing the services. Though they did not know what cervical cancer screening entailed or the screening methods, they still believed that it is important since like for other diseases will help in early detection and treatment. The participants were eager to get more information from nurses on cervical cancer about cervical cancer screening. The major factors identified by the women that influence screening utilization were ignorance, Illiteracy, belief in not being at risk, having many contending issues, nonchalant attitude to their health, financial constraint and fear of having a positive result. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for more enlightenment about cervical cancer especially by health workers. Also, cervical cancer services should be made available at very affordable cost so that women can easily access the services in order to reduce incidence of invasive cancer.
Breast and cervical cancers awareness and screening practices among rural women in Ona-ara Local government area, Ibadan, Nigeria
(2013-05) Ajayi, I. O.; Onibokun, A. C.; Soyannwo, O. A.
The level of awareness and screening practices for breast and cervical cancers among rural women was investigated. Three of the six rural wards in Ona-ara LGA were selected by balloting and the three largest communities in each of the wards were purposively selected for the study.Structured interview was conducted among 276 consenting women aged ≥18 years in the households. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Mean age of respondents was 36.5+12.6 years. Only 52(18.8%) and 11(4.0%) mentioned they knew something about breast and cervical cancers respectively. Knowledge of risk factors, cause and screening methods was poor irrespective of demographics. Only 15/52 (28.8%) and 3/52 (5.8%) who knew something about breast cancer mentioned clinical and Breast Self-Examination (BSE) respectively as screening methods for breast cancer. Half, 28/52 (53.8%) have ever practiced BSE and 9(17.3%) had clinical examination of the breast which was done as part of antenatal care or physical examination. The 24 respondents who did not examine their breasts mentioned they did not know they should (54.2%), don’t have problems with their breasts (54.3%), don’t know how to do it (37.5%) and think health workers should do it (33.3%). Only 4/11(36.4%) of those who knew something about cervical cancer mentioned vaginal examination for cervical cancer screening and only one (0.1%) respondent mentioned Pap smear. The poor level of awareness and screening practices for breast and cervical cancers among women in these rural communities emphasizes the need for community-based educational campaigns and provision of screening facilities in rural areas
Breast cancer knowledge and screening practices among women in selected rural communities of Nigeria
(Acadenic Journals, 2012-11) Olowokere, A. E.; Onibokun, A. C.; Oluwatosin, O. A.
Globally, the devastation that befalls women diagnosed of breast cancer remains inestimable. Early detection remains a major effective approach that should be employed to combat the disease. The issue of concern, however, is whether women in the rural underserved areas are aware of these early detection methods. This study was designed to assess rural women’s awareness and knowledge of breast cancer and their screening practices. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study utilizing self developed structured questionnaire. Reliability of the instrument was determined and alpha correlation values range between 0.81 and 0.95 for the different components of the questionnaire. Data was processed using descriptive analysis and associations tested with Chi-square at 5% level of significance. The results of the findings showed that 52.7% of the women had adequate knowledge about breast cancer risk factors and symptoms. Regarding the women’s awareness about breast cancer screening methods, 52.8 and 51.7% of women have heard about Breast Self-Examination (BSE) and Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) respectively. However, few numbers of respondents (3.9%) were aware about mammography and these are people who did it for the purpose of diagnosing breast problem. Majority of the women (72.8%) did not practice BSE which is the most readily available screening method. Considering the lack of sophisticated diagnostic technology such as mammography for breast screening in the rural areas, BSE provided a unique opportunity for the women to be breast aware and to identify breast problems which may constitute danger to their health in the future. Health care professionals, most especially those at the primary health care level, should enhance the women’s skills to use this simple procedure effectively to promote their health
Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Knowledge, Utilisation, Prevention Educational Interventions and Policy Response in Nigeria: A Scoping Review
(SAGE Publications, 2022) John-Akinola Y. O.; Ndikom C. M.; Oluwasanu M. M.; Adebisi T.; Odukoya O.
Purpose: This review evaluated the knowledge, utilisation, prevention education, and policy response across the six geo political regions of Nigeria to inform national efforts for the prevention and control of cervical cancer. Methods: A keyword-based systematic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE (NCBI), Google Scholar, and AJOL electronic databases, including a manual scan of papers, journals and websites to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies. Articles were screened and assessed for eligibility. Results: Many (158) articles were downloaded and after duplicates were removed, 110 articles were included in the final analysis. These were made up of qualitative, quantitative (cross-sectional), intervention and policy studies. Studies have generally reported poor knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer screening but those carried out in urban areas demonstrated a slightly higher level of awareness of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine, HPV vaccination uptake and utilization of cervical cancer preventive services than the rural studies. The studies did not show strong government support or policies in relation to cervical cancer control. Conclusion: Knowledge and uptake of cervical cancer preventive services across diverse groups in Nigeria remain poor. These could be linked to socio-cultural factors, the lack of an organised cervical cancer screening programme and low financial resource pool for cervical cancer prevention. Therefore, it is necessary to increase government, donor prioritisation and political support in order to ensure increased investment and commitment to cervical cancer elimination in Nigeria.
Commonly reported gynecological morbidities and health-seeking behaviours among reproductive age women in urban Nigeria
(1998-08) Uwnkwe, C. B. U.; Adoyomi, O. A.; Palayo, J.; Moronkola, O. A.; Onibokun, A.; Ogundiran, A.
The present study investigated the commonly reported gynecological morbidities by reproductive age women in some/urban areas of south western Nigeria. Specifically the study attempted to determine the proportion of the reproductive age women surveyed reported the symptoms associated with obstetrics and gynecological morbidity, the perceived causes of such obstetrics and gynecological morbidity in the women, whether such women sought treatment or consultation for specific symptoms, and in what kind of health facilities., The Ex post facto research design was adopted in the study. The subjects used for the study were randomly selected from four health facilities located in the Ibadan metropolis, south western Nigeria. The findings from the study revealed that 91% of the respondents have had cause to report their problem to either government hospital, primary health center, private hospital, a sub-center or traditional hospital. Also, 55% of the respondents had their medium of information about health programmes through the radio, while the remaining 45% had been adequately informed about health programmes through the other media like television, magazines, workshops or seminars. About 80% claimed that they had menstrual disorders of heavy or light irregular bleeding, painful menstruation or spotting between periods, while79.6% claimed to have anaemia indicated by feeling excessively weak, tired or breathless during household activities. Some 60.4% of the respondents claimed to have lower reproductive tract infections while 30.7% stated that they have acute pelvic inflammatory disease, which is the lower abdomen pain or vagina discharge with fever. Also, about 58.4% was the percentage of women who sought or consultation for specific symptoms in the private hospital while the rest used the network of health centers and sub-centers available in their areas under the primary health care system. The implication of this findings were highlighted and discussed
COMPARISON OF OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL EXAMINATION WITH TRADITIONAL PRACTICAL EXAMINATION IN ASSESSMENT OF NURSING STUDENTS’ CLINICAL COMPETENCIES IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
(2017-08) EDWARD, M.I
Clinical examination is crucial to assess competencies of nursing students in the delivery of quality nursing care. Globally, Traditional Practical Examination (TPE) and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) are the methods of clinical assessments in Nursing. The Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria (NMCN) had always used TPE for clinical examinations. The NMCN adopted OSCE for midwifery two decades ago while the examination in general nursing remains TPE. There is dearth of information on the effectiveness of OSCE and TPE in assessing students in general nursing. The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of OSCE and TPE in the assessment of clinical competencies of nursing students in Southwestern Nigeria. The study utilised quasi-experimental design among nursing students. Using a ballot system, two out of the sixteen hospital-based and two out of the five university-based nursing programmes were selected. The four schools participated in OSCE and TPE. The two programmes have similar curricula for nursing clinical procedures. Out of the 186 nursing students selected, 100 were second year hospital-based (51 students in Wesley Guild School of Nursing, Ilesa and 49 students in School of Nursing, Akure) while 86 were 300 level university-based (36 students in the Department of Nursing, University of Ibadan and 50 students in the Department of Nursing, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo). Data were obtained using adapted and validated instruments: Traditional Practical Examination Instrument (TPEI), Objective Structured Clinical Examination Instruments (OSCEIs) and Students’ Demographic and Perception Questionnaires (SDPQ). Pre-test was administered to the students to obtain the baseline data after which clinical teaching of selected nursing procedures were taught to all students for four weeks. The TPE (post-test I) was conducted at fifth week while OSCE (post-test II) was conducted at sixth week. The means of the performance scores in OSCE and TPE were computed while competency data were obtained by grouping performance scores into two levels of competencies: fairly competent (50.0%-59.9%) and very competent (60.0% and above). The SDPQ was used to collect data on students’ preference and perception of the two examination formats. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Students t-test, Chi-square test and ANOVA at α0.05. Age of respondents was 21.5±3.8 years. At baseline, the mean of students’ performance score was 53.3±3.7. There was a significant difference between the mean scores obtained at baseline and the two practical examination formats: pre-test 53.3±3.7, OSCE(post-test II) 64.6±5.2, TPE (post-test I) 59.3±2.9. More respondents were very competent in OSCE (80.1%) compared to TPE (45.7%). Perception of Objective Structured Clinical Examination and Traditional Practical Examination revealed: consumed less time (53.0% versus 48.0%); more objective (52.1% versus 47.9%); assessed wider range of learned materials (54.4% versus 45.6%); less destabilizing during practical sessions (53.5% versus 46.5%) less stressful (56.1% versus 44.0%). Lastly, 56.8% of respondents preferred OSCE while 43.2% preferred TPE. Objective Structured Clinical Examination was more effective in assessing competency of nursing students.
Determinants of Outcome of Neonates Admitted in the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
(West African College of Nursing, 2018) Ike, E. U.; Ndikom, C. M.
Neonatal period is a crucial period compared to any other time during infancy as they are at high risk of dying during this period. The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of UCH is a highly technical specialized unit in the hospital that provides medical/nursing care to sick and/or high-risk premature infants. Yet some babies admitted to this unit fail to survive. The aim of this study is to determine characteristics of neonates admitted at NICU and factors influencing outcome of care. A retrospective descriptive survey based on case record of babies admitted for a five year period between January 2007 and December 2011. Check list was used for data collection of the 1020 neonates admitted during the period. Analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17 software. Out of the 1020 neonates, male babies were more 549(53.8%) than their female counterparts 468 (45.9%). Most 992(97.3%) of their mothers were not booked or registered for antenatal care and were not referred early to UCH causing the babies to be in fetal distress before arrival to the hospital. Mortality was less (16.6%) among the in-born than out-born babies (35.8%). It was observed that male neonates, preterm/low birth weight and their time of admission were associated with poor outcome. There is a significant association between mothers' occupation, pregnancy complication, place of birth, mode of delivery and neonates care outcomes (p<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis shows that mothers who had up to tertiary (university) level of education are three times more likely to have babies who survived and discharged home alive compared to those who had no formal education. There is need for nurses to educate women on the importance of early antenatal booking and delivery in a well-equipped facility. Prompt screening, identification and referral of women at risk and prompt resuscitation of new-born with asphyxia should be ensured.
Educational Empowerment of Women: A Major Tool in the Achievement of Millennium Development Goals of Reduction of Maternal and Child Mortality in Nigeria
(The International Journal of Development Studies, 2007) Ndikom, C. M.
Maternal and Child Mortality have remained issues of great concern in developing countries as effort to reduce them has not yielded much result. To achieve millennium development goals of reducing maternal and child mortality, issues of maternal education must he addressed. Educational empowerment enables women to utilize maternal health services, in order to maintain a healthy reproductive life and to bring up healthy children. This paper is based on findings from a study carried out in Akinyele local government in Oyo State. Nigeria. The study revealed that many of the women had low educational status and they utilized more of the services from the Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) and church. Also educational status had association with utilization of Prenatal, Delivery, Postnatal and Family Planning services. Also, women with higher level of education were in better position to make independent decisions concerning their health and that of their children.
EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION ON NURSES’ USE OF CLINICAL GUIDELINE INDICATORS IN TRACHEOSTOMY CARE IN FEDERAL TEACHING HOSPITALS IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA
(2018-10) KOROYIN, M.O
Quality nursing decisions in tracheostomy care are guided by clinical indicators and research evidence. Application of these clinical indicators lessen noisy respirations, excessive coughing, skin maceration and infection. Studies showed that tracheostomy care decisions in some clinical settings are not guided by evidence-based clinical indicators. Research findings suggest poor knowledge and utilisation of recommended clinical indicators in tracheostomy care in Nigeria. This study was designed to examine nurses’ knowledge and determine effect of use of clinical guideline indicators in evidence-based tracheostomy care decisions. This Quasi-experimental study was conducted in three Federal Teaching Hospitals in South-West Nigeria: University College Hospital (UCH), Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC). Specific units included were Intensive Care, Neurology, and Ear, Nose and Throat. Due to limited number of nurses, LUTH and OAUTHC were purposely labelled control group (CG), and UCH intervention group (IG). All the 121 nurses in the units were recruited. Data were collected using validated structured decision-making and documentation checklists (inter-observer reliability 0.75-1.0 and 0.76-1.0), and questionnaire (Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient 0.8 and 0.83). Stage 1 involved participant observation of nurses’ utilisation of clinical indicators for 10 evidence-based tracheostomy assessment, care, and documentation practices per participant in each of; suctioning, airway maintenance, dressing, and tie change decisions in both groups. In stage 2, pre intervention knowledge was assessed in both groups. Educational intervention of five modules on clinical guideline indicators, assessment, care, and documentation of evidence-based tracheostomy care decisions was conducted only in the IG. Knowledge was assessed immediately post intervention in both groups. At 3 months post intervention (stage 3), only participant observation of 10 evidence-based care decisions per participant was conducted as in stage 1 in both groups. Data were analysed using Chi-square, Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U at α0.05. Sixty-seven of 121 nurses completed the three stages (IG=32; CG=35). There was significant difference in mean knowledge of evidence-based tracheostomy care at pre-test (IG:20.3±3.1; CG:22.0±4.6); which increased in both groups at post-test (IG:31.3±3.3; CG:22.9±3.9). The mean knowledge of decision-making was comparable at pre-test (IG:5.6±1.7; CG:5.5±2.0); but increased at post-test (IG:6.7±1.3; CG:5.9±1.1) in both groups. The mean knowledge of use of clinical guidelines was similar at pre-test (IG:3.0±0.9; CG:3.1±1.1) and post-test (IG:3.2±0.9; CG:3.1±0.91). There was no significant difference in nurses’ performance of evidence-based tracheostomy suctioning assessment decisions: medianpre (IG:5.0; CG:45.0); medianpost (IG:0.0; CG:20.0), suctioning care decisions: medianpre (IG:4.0; CG:32.0); medianpost (IG:0.0; CG:20.0), and airway maintenance care decisions: medianpre (IG:86.6; CG:0.0); medianpost (IG:63.6; CG:50.0). Nurses’ performance of documentation of evidence-based decision-making practices in tracheostomy assessment and care decisions for suctioning, airway maintenance, dressing, and tie change were also not significant in IG and CG, pre and post intervention. Despite the educational intervention there is poor application of clinical guideline indicators to direct evidence-based tracheostomy care decisions and documentation amongst nurses. There is need for regular audit and continuous monitoring of nurses’ decision-making, and periodic research-based continuing education in practice to improve nurses’ clinical competence of evidence-based decision-making, in tracheostomy care.
EFFECT OF AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME ON NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF PRESSURE ULCER PREVENTION STRATEGIES IN SELECTED TEACHING HOSPITALS IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA
(2014-01) ILESANMI, R.E
Prevention of Pressure Ulcer (PU) is a nursing responsibility and reflects the quality of nursing care. The role of evidence-based Educational Intervention Programme (EIP) among nurses towards its prevention has been differently reported in the literature. However, the possible effects of EIP on PU prevention among nurses in Nigeria have not been adequately explored. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of an EIP on knowledge and practice of PU prevention among nurses in selected teaching hospitals in Nigeria. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in three of the six teaching hospitals in south-western Nigeria: Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), University College Hospital (UCH) and Obafemi Awolowo Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC). These hospitals were selected through balloting and labeled as Intervention Group (IG)-LASUTH and UCH; and Control (OAUTHC). All 193 nurses (127 in IG and 66 in control group) from the purposively selected wards in neurological, orthopedics and medical units in each hospital were recruited. Participants received a 5-day EIP of five modules focusing on PU risk assessment and preventive interventions with hands-on training. Baseline, immediate post-EIP and 3-month post-EIP knowledge of PU prevention strategies were evaluated using a standardised Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test (PUKT). Practice was assessed using a validated observational checklist (Risk-based Prevention Intervention Checklist) at baseline and 3-month post-EIP. During the 3-month period, consumables for skin care and prevention of friction were also provided for use on the skin of patients at risk for PU in the IG and control group. Paired t, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon Sign tests were used for data analyses. There were no significant differences in the mean ages of participants [IG: 36.3±10.4 years; control: 35.2±11.9 years] p<0.05, and mean years of experience [IG: 14.5 ±13.7 years; control: 12.6 ±12.0 years] p<0.05. The mean knowledge scores increased significantly among IG from 32.5 ±4.2 at baseline to 40.7 ±3.4 (p<0.05) at immediate post- EIP while in the control group it increased from 30.8± 5.0 to 31.2 ±5.2. At 3-month post-EIP, the mean score increased significantly in both groups; from 40.7±3.4 to 42.0 ± 4.0 in the IG and 31.2±5.2 to 37.8 ± 5.6 in the control group. The increased mean knowledge scores from baseline to immediate post-EIP among IG (8.2 ±5.4) was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.4 ±2.2); (p < 0.05). The increased mean knowledge scores from immediate post-EIP to 3-month post-EIP among IG (2.0 ±5.5) was not significantly different from the control (6.2 ±7.2). The median rank for practice in both IG and control groups were equal (97.0) at baseline and it increased to 105.0 only in the IG at 3months (p<0.05). However, in the control group the median rank decreased to 87.5 at 3-month post-EIP (p<0.05). Educational Intervention Programme improved nurses’ knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention and practice. There is the need to improve on existing nursing continuing education programmes on evidence-based educational intervention for pressure ulcer prevention.
Effective communication skills
(Vantage Publishers, Ibadan, 2000-06) Onibokun, A. C.
Effects of Educational Intervention on Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitude Towards Providing Cervical Cancer Screening Information in Selected Health Facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2019) Ndikom, C. M.; Ofi, B. A.; Omokhodion, F. O.; Bakare, P. O.; Adetayo, C. O.
Cervical cancer is a major cause of death among women especially in developing nations. It can be prevented through screening yet many women are unaware of screening options. Nurses are in vantage position to provide cervical cancer screening (CCS) information and services especially in antenatal clinics. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of an educational intervention (EI) on nurses' knowledge and attitude towards providing CCS information. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in eight health facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria. The facilities were randomly divided into intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). A total of 133 consenting nurses (60 in the IG and 73 in the CG) participated. Baseline data were collected using self- administered questionnaire. The nurses in the IG received the EI and both groups were administered with a post-test questionnaire after 6 months. Data were analysed using chi square and Student's t test at p = 0.05. Nurses' mean age was 41.7 years. Knowledge scores for the IG (11.8 ± 3.3) and CG (11.7 ± 3.3) were comparable at baseline (p = 0.901) but was significantly higher among nurses in the IG (14.63 ± 3.12) than CG (12.7 ± 3.5) at 6 months PI (p=0.01). More nurses in the IG had high level of knowledge than CG. There was no significant difference in their attitude at baseline and at PI. There was a significant association between knowledge and attitude towards providing cervical cancer screening information (p<0.000). Education improved knowledge of nurses on cervical cancer screening. Regular education programmes for nurses may result in improved counselling on major health issues like cancer.
Effects of educational intervention on women’s knowledge and uptake of cervical cancer screening in selected hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Taylor & Francis, 2017) Ndikom, C. M.; Ofi, B. A.; Omokhodion, F. O.; Adedokun, B. O.
This study evaluated the effects of an educational intervention (El) on women's knowledge and uptake of cervical cancer screening (CCS) services. A quasi-experimental study, conducted in the antenatal clinics of eight hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria. The hospitals were randomly clustered into four in intervention group (IG) and four in control group (CG), and 846 women were selected in the two groups using Systematic random sampling at baseline and post-intervention (PI). Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The women in the IG received educational intervention provided by hospital nurses who were exposed to an educational programme previously. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and x2 at p <0.05. The mean age for women was 28 years ±5.8. The respondents' awareness of CC at baseline was IG: 12.9% and CG: 18.2% but this increased to 71.5% in IG and 22.1% in CG with net intervention effect (NIE) of 54.7% (p <0.0001), knowledge of the causative organism (NIE <37%, p < 0.0001), sexual intercourse as mode of transmission (NIE 53.7%, p<0.001). Screening for early detection of cervical cancer (NIE 75.6%, p < 0.001), awareness of where to receive screening (NIE 64.1%, p < 0.001). There was only a very slight increase in uptake of CCS from 1.4% at baseline to 3.6% in the IG and 2.1 to 2.3% in the CG. Over, 53.5% said unavailability of services was a major hindrance to their screening uptake. Cervical cancer screening knowledge improved in the intervention group but uptake only improved slightly with the intervention. Educational intervention is a useful tool for improving knowledge of Cervical Cancer Screening.