FACULTY OF DENTISTRY
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Item Survival of Reattached Tooth: A Systematic Review(2018) Ajayi D.M.; Adebayo, G. E.Background: The use of tooth fragment reattachment as an alternative treatment for fractured anterior teeth has been widely reported. However, there is controversy about its longevity. This necessitates the review of studies on its survival rate. Aim and objectives: To determine the reported survival rate of reattached tooth fragments and to assess the storage media, techniques and materials used for tooth reattachment as it affects the longevity of the restorations. Design of the study: This is a systematic review of studies conducted on tooth fracture reattachment. Setting: The review was carried out at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, a tertiary hospital in South-Western region of Nigeria. Materials and Method: A systematic search of PUBMED, Cochrane, Web of science, Scopus, Google scholar and Google was done three times for better outcome. Case reports, observational studies, in vivo studies, and cross sectional studies that were written in English language were included. Key words and phrases such as'tooth reattachment', 'fragment tooth reattachment', 'crown fragment reattachment' as well as 'AND' 'OR' were employed to increase the field of search. Articles downloaded were critically appraised by the two authors for inclusion. Data including authors' name, date, institution, age/gender of patient, teeth involved, medium of storage, technique of reattachment, materials used, and followup period were extracted and entered into a data proforma. Results: Search yielded 206 articles of which 61 relevant ones were downloaded and twenty five studies that met the selection criteria were analysed. A total of 29 teeth were treated in the studies. The majority, 20 (69.2%), of the patients were male and 15 (51.7%) of teeth treated were tooth-type 11. Ellis class III fracture 21 (72.4%) constituted the major indication for reattachment. Material mostly used for tooth reattachment was Light cured composite resin in 16 (55.2%) teeth followed by flowable composite in 8 (27.6%) and dual cure composite in 5 (17.2%) teeth. Follow-up period was between 3 months and 10 years with an average of 2-year-longevity and survival fate. Conclusion: Tooth reattachment as an alternative treatment for fractured anterior teeth is simple, conservative, cost effective and aesthetically pleasing with fairsurvival rateItem Audit of Crowns and Fixed Partial Dentures in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital(2017) Abiodun-Solanke I.M.F.; Ajayi D.M.; Sulaiman A. O.Aim: The purpose of this investigation was to document the reasons for placement, and replacement of crowns and fixed partial denture in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. Methods: a retrospective review of patients that had advanced conservative procedures. A data collection form was used to gather the relevant information from the patients’ case notes. Section A sought information on age , gender, educational level, patients’ occupation etc. Section B recorded information on tooth/teeth involved, reason for fabrication of prosthesis and material used. Results: Three hundred and twenty six had 398 crowns while 23 patients received bridges. Patients’ ages ranged from 16-85 years with a mean of 47.7 ± 17.2 years and a male to female ratio of 1:1.3. Thirty five percent of the crowned teeth were in the upper right quadrant, followed by the upper left quadrant with 29.4%. Upper right central incisors were the most frequently (15.6%) crowned teeth. Endodontics and esthetics were the most common reasons for initial crown placement and replacement respectively. About 60% of bridges fabricated were new, while 22.2% of replaced bridges were due to fracture of porcelain and unacceptable marginal adaptation. Conclusion: Endodontics and esthetics were the most common reasons for initial crown placement and replacementItem Self Reported Tooth Discolorations Among Patients Seen At Dental Center University College Hospital Ibadan(2015) Gbadebo S.O.; Ajayi D.M.Background: Tooth discoloration is an aesthetic problem that is linked to a variety of causes and it could be a source of embarrassment, leading to reduced self-esteem. Aim: To determine the prevalence of self reported tooth discoloration and the distribution of the different intrinsic tooth discolorations. Methodology: A retrospective study that reviewed the distribution of tooth discoloration reported by patients that presented for treatment of tooth discoloration at conservation clinic of the dental centre University College Hospital, Ibadan between December 2011 and December 2014. Data collected from patients' case files included patients' demographics, type of tooth discoloration as diagnosed by attending consultant and treatment offered. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Frequencies and means were used for continuous variables while chi square was used to compare the categorical variables. P value was set at ≤ 0.05. Results: One hundred and thirty six patients reported tooth discoloration as their major reason for presentation at the clinic. The patients were between age 16-75 years with mean age of 35.62±14.31 years and male to female ratio of 1:1.13. Prevalence of reported tooth discolouration during the study period was 9.8%. Pulpal necrosis was the most reported cause of (86.8%) tooth discolouration, while fluorosis was the least (0.7%) reported. Non vital tooth bleaching was the most common treatment (72.1%) offered for tooth discoloration. No significant comparison was observed between gender and type of tooth discoloration, p=0.088. Conclusion: : Pulpal necrosis is a major cause of discoloration which leads to reduced self esteem. There is need to improve on dental awareness on causes of tooth discoloration for prevention and early presentation for management.Item Dental Implant Treatment At A Nigerian Teaching Hospital(2014) Ajayi D.M.; Abiodun-Solanke, I.M.F.; Gbadebo, S.O.; Fasola A.O.; Dosumu, O.O.; Arotiba, J.T.Background: There has been an increase in the awareness of dental implant as a replacement option for missing teeth and this has consequently led to an increased demand for dental implant. Aim & Objective: To determine the distribution and pattern of implant placement in a tertiary hospital in a developing country. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the University College Hospital to assess the treatment outcome of all the patients who had had osseointegrated root form endosseous dental implants over a period of five years. The data obtained included age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), medical history, reason for implant placement, number of implants per patient, distribution of missing teeth, complications and treatment outcome. The data were analyzed for percentages, means, SD and presented in tables and figures. Results: Forty two implants (40 conventional & 2 immediate) were placed in the 23 patients (M-15, F=8).There were 15(65.2%) males and 8(34.8%) females. Pre-implant placement ridge augmentation was done in 3(7.1%) patients while 9 (39.1%) patients had augmentation during implant placement surgery. Left maxillary central incisor was the most commonly replaced tooth in 31% followed by the right maxillary central incisor in 19%. The success rates in the study at 1 year and 5 years were 97.4% and 95.2% respectively. Conclusion: A high success rate (95.2%) of implant therapy at 5 years recorded in this study compared favorably with what is obtainable in many other countries of the worldItem The effect of microwave on dimensional accuracies of maxillary denture bases(2014) Bamigboye S.A.,; Ajayi D.M.; Ogunrinde T.J.Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different microwave powers on dimensional accuracies of sampled maxillary acrylic resin bases. Method: Maxillary acrylic resin bases were constructed on stone casts previously made from a prefabricated rubber mould. Dimensions of the cast-acrylic resin assemblies were taken at designated points with digital caliper. The acrylic bases were then subjected to simulated disinfection under different microwave powers and time periods, after which they were returned to their casts and post microwave measurements taken at the same designated points. Result: The highest mean (±SD) of dimensional discrepancies (0.082±0.03) was observed in the mid-palatal region of the maxillary bases at 690W/6minutes regimen while the lowest was at the right crest (0.012±0.02).The dimensional distortion at the mid-palatal region was statistically significant compared to other measurement points. Conclusion: The mid-palatal region of the maxillary bases which shows the greatest tendency to undergo significant distortion is unfortunately the area that makes one of the greatest contribution to the retention of upper dentures by way of close adaptation to the palatal tissue.Item Nanotechnology and its Application in Dentistry(2014) Abiodun‑Solanke I.M.F.; Ajayi D.M.; Arigbede A.ONanotechnology influences almost every facet of everyday life from security to medicine. The concept of nanotechnology is that when one goes down to the bottom of things, one can discover unlimited possibilities and potential of the basic particle. In nanotechnology, analysis can be made to the level of manipulating atoms, molecules and chemical bonds between them. The growing interest in the dental applications of nanotechnology is leading to the emergence of a new field called nanodentistry. An electronic database search that included PubMed, MedLine, and Cochrane library was conducted. Key words used in the search are nanotechnology dentistry and applications. Language limitation was set as articles reviewed were only those written and published in English language. We did not search the gray literature. Initially, 52 articles were retrieved from the database, and articles considered were those published from 2008 to 2013. Eight articles that met the selection criteria were eventually selected and reviewed.Item Dental implant as an option for tooth replacement: The awareness of patients at a tertiary hospital in a developing country(2014) Gbadebo, O.S.; Lawal, F.B.; Sulaiman, A.O.; Ajayi D.M.Aim: A survey was set out to evaluate the knowledge of patients about tooth replacement as a whole, and assess their awareness of implant-retained prosthesis as an option of tooth replacement. Materials and Methods: Information on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about implant-retained tooth as an option for missing tooth replacement, cost implication, source of information and knowledge about other options of tooth replacement were obtained from patients attending the dental clinics of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, using structured self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result: A total of 220 patients aged 18-84 years with a mean age of 37.6 (±16.5) years participated in the study, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.1. The majority (92.5%) knew that missing teeth can be replaced, while a significantly lower proportion (28.9%) knew about dental implants as an option (P < 0.01). Dentists were the major source of information on dental implants (68%). Only 21 (36.8%) of those who had heard about dental implant had knowledge about the cost (P < 0.000). Conclusion: A low level of awareness about dental implant as tooth replacement option exist in this environment, although most of the study participants were aware that missing teeth can be replacedItem Barriers to oral health care utilization in Ibadan, South West Nigeria(2012) Ajayi D.M.; Arigbede A.O.Background: Barriers to oral health utilization are many, but those that are significant for our environment are not yet clear. The current study was designed to identify and graduate the barriers to receipt of oral health care among a cross-section of patients attending our centre. We also investigated the influence of socio demographic factors on the highly rated barriers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting UCH, Ibadan using a self-administered questionnaire. Socio-demographic variables and oral health care seeking behaviour were requested and in addition, the respondents were asked to rank 11 listed barriers to receipt of oral health care and any other barriers they may think of in order of strength. Factor analysis was employed in order to identify four factors with the highest loading. The mean scores were compared using t-test and one-way ANOVA and the level of significance was set at 0.05 Results: Only 400 questionnaires were properly filled (84.9%) out of the 471 that were administered. The mean age of these participants was 37.85±15.38 years. Most of the respondents (55.8%) consulted the dentists only when there was pain while 109(27.3%) had never visited the dentist. Fear of dental injection, cost of treatment, feeling of insecurity when the dentist is operating and disturbing noise from dental drill were the major barriers. There was a statistically significant association between age groups and feeling of insecurity (p=006). Conclusion: The major barriers to oral health care utilization among our patients were fear related.Item Dental anxiety among patients visiting a University Dental Centre(2011) Arigbede A.O.; Ajayi D.M.; Adeyemi B.F.; Kolude BObjective: Fearful individuals often avoid care despite extensive dental needs and anxious patients feel more pain and of longer duration than less anxious patients. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with dental anxiety among patients visiting a University Dental Centre in Nigeria. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted using an anonymous structured questionnaire randomly administered to patients attending the University College Hospital Dental Centre, Ibadan. The questionnaire requested for socio-demographic data, dental visit behaviour, history of traumatic dental treatment and level of apprehension when anticipating a visit to the dentist and physician. The level of dental anxiety was determined using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). An MDAS score of 19 and above indicated high dental anxiety. Upon examination, DMFT of each patient was determined. Result: A total of 471 respondents of which 262 (55.6%) were females participated in the study. Only 7.43% of the participants had MDAS score >19. About 10% of the females had high dental anxiety compared with 4.94% recorded for the males (p=0.01). Dental anxiety was more common among the younger age group, irregular oral health care seekers and among those with history of traumatic dental treatment. The respondents were more relaxed when anticipating a visit to a physician. Only gender could be used to predict high dental anxiety. Female gender significantly displayed high dental anxiety (odd ratio=3.05 and p=0.04) . The mean DMFT score for the patients was 2.48±3.30. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental anxiety among the respondents in this study was 7.43% and only gender could be used to predict dental anxiety.Item Reattachment of Fractured Anterior Tooth: A 2-Year Review of a Case(2011) Ajayi D.M.; Abiodun-Solanke I.M.F; Gbadebo, S.O.Injury to anterior teeth is a relatively common occurrence. Dentists are confronted on regular basis with dental trauma and the management. Some clinical studies have reported reattachment of fractured tooth segment using adhesive resin cement and dentine bonding agent with or without intraradicular postplacement. Reattachment of tooth fragment is simple and can provide good functional and esthetic success. Case description: This article reports the reattachment of a fractured anterior tooth in a 17-year-old male patient with adhesive resin and a prefabricated metallic post. Result: Evaluation at 2 years revealed good reattachment, intact post, good esthetics (even after a repeat reattachment) and good periodontal health.