FACULTY OF DENTISTRY
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Item Clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices of adolescents in Nigeria(2020) Lawal, F. B.; Oke, G. AThe institution of appropriate oral health promotion programs targeted at adolescents in schools in developing countries requires baseline information on their oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices as well as associated factors influencing it, which are unknown. This study assessed clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices of adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. Two-thousand and ninety-seven students aged 12-18 years were recruited from 30 randomly selected secondary schools in a cross-sectional study conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were obtained through a questionnaire on oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices, and sociodemographic characteristics. Oral examination was conducted to assess the clinical oral condition of the adolescents. Data were analyzed with SPSS. The higher the percentage scores, the better the oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices, and overall awareness of oral health. The oral health knowledge score ranged from 0% to 60%; mean oral health knowledge score was 15.1% (±6.6%). The oral health attitude score ranged from 0% to 91.3%; mean oral health attitude score was 44.5% (± 14.3%). The oral health practices score ranged from 0% to 88.9%, and mean oral health practices score was 42.5% (± 13.8%). The mean oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices score was 43.8% (± 11.4%). A total of 1537 (73.3%) participants had unhealthy periodontium and 98 (4.7%) had dental caries. Students who were 12-15 years (odds ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.42.0, p < 0.001), females (odds ratio = 1.2, 95% confidence interval = I.0-I.5, p = 0.024), offspring of skilled workers (odds ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval = I.I-2.0, p = 0.010), previously educated about oral health (odds ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval = I.0-I.7, p = 0.023), consulted the dentist (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = I.2-3.I, p = 0.009), or had unhealthy periodontal condition (odds ratio = I.2, 95% confidence interval = I.0-I.5, p = 0.042) were more likely to have higher oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices scores or awareness than others. Better knowledge, attitude, and practices score was associated with younger age group, higher occupational class, previous oral health education, dental consultation, and having unhealthy periodontal conditionItem Why Patients Visit Dentists – A Study in all World Health Organization Regions(2020) John, M.T.; Sekuli, S.; Bekes, K.; Al-Harthyd, M.H.; Michelottie, A.; Reissmann, D.R.; Nikolovskag, J.; Sanivarapu, S.; Lawal, F. B.; List, T.; Kirsic, S, P; Strajnic, L.; Casassus, R.; Baba, K.; Schimmel, M.; Amuasi, A.; Jayasinghe, R.D.; Strujic-Porovic, .S.; Peck, C. C.; Xie, H.; Bendixen, K. H.; Pallares, M. A. S.; Perez-Franco, E.; Sistani, M. M. N.; Valerio, P.; Letunova, N.; Nurelhuda, N. M.; David W. Bartlett, D. W.; Oluwafemi, I. A.; Dghoughi, S.; Ferreira, J. N. A. R.; Chantaracherd, P; Rener-Sitar, K.The dimensions of oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact are the major areas where patients are impacted by oral diseases and dental interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dental patients’ reasons to visit the dentist fit the 4 OHRQoL dimensions. Dentists (N 5 1580) from 32 countries participated in a web-based survey. For their patients with current oral health problems, dentists were asked whether these problems were related to teeth, mouth, and jaws’ function, pain, appearance, or psychosocial impact or whether they do not fit the aforementioned 4 categories. Dentists were also asked about their patients who intended to prevent future oral health problems. For both patient groups, the proportions of oral health problems falling into the 4 OHRQoL dimensions were calculated. For every 100 dental patients with current oral health problems, 96 had problems related to teeth, mouth, and jaws’ function, pain, appearance, or psychosocial impact. For every 100 dental patients who wanted to prevent future oral health problems, 92 wanted to prevent problems related to these 4 OHRQoL dimensions. Both numbers increased to at least 98 of 100 patients when experts analyzed dentists’ explanations of why some oral health problems would not fit the four dimension. For the remaining 2 of 100 patients, none of the dentis tprovided explanations suggested evidence against the OHRQoL dimensions as the concepts that capture dental patients’ suffering. Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact capture dental patients’ oral health problems worldwide. These 4 OHRQoL dimensions offer a psychometrically sound and practical framework for patient care and research, identifying what is important to dental patientsItem Validity of the periodontal disease surveillance self‑report questionnaire in a Nigerian population(2017) Taiwo, J. O..; Ibiyemi, O; Osuh, M. E.; Lawal, F. B.Chronic periodontal disease is important in the aetiology of various life‑threatening systemic diseases. Its surveillance using self‑report questionnaire has become necessary due to the disadvantages associated with its surveillance using clinical examination methods. The aim is to determine the validity of periodontal disease surveillance self‑report questionnaire in a Nigerian population. A representative sample of 250 consecutive adults, attending the dental clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, were interviewed and clinically examined using a periodontal disease self‑report questionnaire, and community periodontal index of treatment need (CPITN), index as a gold standard. Tooth mobility and gingival recession were also assessed. The data were analysed using SPSS version 15 and OpenEpi module for performance evaluation of a diagnostic test. Validity was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve, the sum of sensitivity and specificity as well as the sum of positive and negative predictive values. The mean age of the study participants was 40.9 ± 16.3 years where the males accounted for 48.9%. It demonstrated low sensitivity, high specificity and low diagnostic accuracy with receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.6. The sum of sensitivity and specificity as well as the sum of positive and negative predictive values were below 120. Only 21.7% reported they had the periodontal disease as compared to 87% diagnosed cases using the clinically based examination method (CPITN index). The periodontal disease self‑report questionnaire demonstrated low validity in the study group as many people who had periodontal disease were missed. Development of a questionnaire tool adapted specifically for this environment is hereby recommendedItem Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and its association with dental treatment needs of adolescents in a rural Nigerian community(2016) Lawal, F. B.; Ifesanya, J. UTo validate and determine the applicability of OHIP-14 in assessing the impact of unmet dental treatment needs on the quality of life of adolescents in a rural community. Methods: The OHIP-14 questionnaire and the Aesthetic component (AC) of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) were data collection instruments in a cross sectional survey among students in a rural community. The reliability and validity of the OHIP-14 as well as the association between it and dental treatment needs including malocclusion was assessed. Data obtained was analyzed using Mann Whitney U Test. Results: The mean age of participants was 14.9 (±1.6) years. The OHIP-14 had acceptable Cronbach alpha value of 0.8. It could discriminate between respondents with or without dental treatment needs due to caries and dental trauma (p <0.001). The OHIP-14 did not differentiate between respondents with or without orthodontic treatment need (p= 0.808). However, significant association existed between being irritable with people and unmet orthodontic treatment needs (p= 0.032). Conclusion: The OHIP-14 is a valid and reliable quality of life assessment tool in young adolescents in this rural community. However, only the social disability domain component discriminated significantly between those with or without orthodontic treatment needsItem Sociodemographic Status of Patients Seeking Routine Scaling and Polishing in a Resource Challenged Environment(2015) Lawal, F. B.; Arowojolu, M.OTo assess the sociodemographic profile of patients seeking routine scaling and polishing in a resource challenged setting in Ibadan, Nigeria. A retrospective review of dental records of patients presenting for scaling and polishing at the Periodontology Clinic of a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria over a period of one year was done. Two groups were identified; those seeking routine scaling and polishing and those referred as a result of periodontal disease or from other clinics. The age, gender, religion, marital status and socioeconomic status were obtained from the records of each patient. Analysis was done using SPSS version 16. The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. A total of 295 patients with a mean age of 42.5 (±17.7) years had scaling and polishing done over the period; 100 (33.9%) came routinely and 195 (66.1%) were referred. There were 151 (51.2%) males and 144 (48.8%) females. The majority (83.2%) were Christians. Their socioeconomic class ranged from skilled workers (21.4%), through unskilled workers (22.7%) to dependants (55.9%). A higher proportion of Christians than Muslims presented routinely for the procedure, 35.8% vs. 20.4% (p = 0.037). The proportion of skilled workers, unskilled workers and dependants who came for routine scaling and polishing were 46.0%, 25.4% and 32.7% respectively (p = 0.038). Socioeconomic status was found, on multivariate analysis, to significantly predict seeking for routine scaling and polishing. Socioeconomic status is a determinant of seeking for routine scaling and polishing in a resource poor countryItem Dental implant as an option for tooth replacement: the awareness of patients at a tertiary hospital in a developing country(2014) Gbadebo, O. S.; Lawal, F. B.; Sulaiman, A. O.; Ajayi, D. M .Aim: A survey was set out to evaluate the knowledge of patients about tooth replacement as a whole, and assess their awareness of implant‑retained prosthesis as an option of tooth replacement. Materials and Methods: Information on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about implant‑retained tooth as an option for missing tooth replacement, cost implication, source of information and knowledge about other options of tooth replacement were obtained from patients attending the dental clinics of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, using structured self‑administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result: A total of 220 patients aged 18-84 years with a mean age of 37.6 (±16.5) years participated in the study, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.1. The majority (92.5%) knew that missing teeth can be replaced, while a significantly lower proportion (28.9%) knew about dental implants as an option (P < 0.01). Dentists were the major source of information on dental implants (68%). Only 21 (36.8%) of those who had heard about dental implant had knowledge about the cost (P < 0.000). Conclusion: A low level of awareness about dental implant as tooth replacement option exist in this environment, although most of the study participants were aware that missing teeth can be replacedItem The effectiveness of oral health education conducted at a rural community market setting(2013) Lawal, F. B.; Nasiru, W. O.; Taiwo, J. O.Item Validation of the oral impact on daily performance frequency scale in Ibadan, Nigeria(2013) Lawal, F. B.; Taiwo, J.O.; Arowojolu, M.O.Background: Oral health related quality of life measures provide alternative ways to evaluate oral health status in a way that prioritises impact on lifestyle. These measures are, however, hardly used in our setting. Before the measures can be used effectively, validity of the tool needs to be evaluated. The aim of the study was to validate the Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) frequency scale in an adult Nigerian patient population. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross sectional study in which consecutive patients attending the Primary Oral Health Care Centre, Idikan and the Oral Diagnosis Clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan were recruited. Data was collected with OIDP structured interviewer administered questionnaires, global self-rating and perceived treatment need questions and by oral examination. The frequency scale of the OIDP index was used to compute the impact scores. Data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 19. Results: A total of 204 patients participated in the study. The OIDP score ranged from 0 to 40; 78.9% of the participants reported an impact on daily performance with eating and enjoying food being the most reported activity impacted upon. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.811; the OIDP index was significantly associated with global self ratings of oral health, perceived need for dental treatment and was able to discriminate between patients with or without dental caries. Conclusion: The OIDP frequency scale exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties amongst adult dental patients in Ibadan, NigeriaItem First aid treatment of dental emergencies(Ola-Oluseye Enterprises, 2012) Lawal, F. B.Item Quality evaluation of paper based dental records keeping at a teaching hospital in a developing country(2014) Dosumu, E. B.; Lawal, F. B.Introduction: The quality of dental records keeping is instrumental to the improvement of Service delivery, thus adequacy of the records can guide quality assurance. The study evaluated the quality of dental records keeping by dentists at a single hospital in a developing country. Materials: This was a retrospective review of the charts of patients seen at the Dental Out-patients Clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan over a six month period. The charts were reviewed for completeness of entries, Status of the dentist as an intern or post registration dentist and Statistical analysis performed using SPSS Software. Results: A total of 1060 charts were reviewed of which none contained all the necessary Information. The most complete Information was the Identification data (99.4%) and the most incomplete was informed consent (100%). Post registration dentists were more likely than interns to make complete documentations of medication history (p = 0.038), clinical findings (p = 0.003), treatment plan (0.048) and medications administered (0.002). Conclusions: There is a fair degree of adequacy of dental records keeping in the tertiary hospital studied in Ibadan, Nigeria. However, suboptimal recordings were noted in areas involving explanations by the dentist to the patient