FACULTY OF DENTISTRY
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Item Reversal of tooth eruption sequence: beliefs and perceptions(2019) Bankole, O.O.; Lawal, F.BAmong some Nigerians, eruption of the maxillary primary incisors before their mandibular counterparts is considered a taboo. Data regarding the perceptions of residents of Igbo Ora to reversal of eruption sequence appear non-existent. The aim of this study is to assess the attitudes and beliefs of some adults of Igbo Ora to reversal of eruption sequence of primary incisors A cross-sectional study was conducted among community dwelling females aged 18 years and older in Igbo Ora, Southwestern Nigeria. A house to house survey was conducted among all willing adult females available at the time of the study. Data for the study was collected with an interviewer administered questionnaire in the Yoruba Language. Data collected were analyzed with SPSS version 21. Frequencies, means and proportions were generated and test of association between categorical variables was done using Chi Square statistics. There were 229 participants with a mean age of 34.6 (SD = 12.6) years and majority ( 34.1%) had secondary school education . Reversal of eruption sequence was attributed to child being evil (47.6%) and mother exposed to other evil children (4.8%). About 56.3% of respondents believe that reversed eruption sequence has a negative effect on the child, including the ability to place irrevocable curses on people. A perceived consequence of having a child with reversed tooth eruption sequence on the family was fear of the child by other family members (21.8%). Beliefs about reversed sequence of eruption of primary anterior teeth being a normal variation increased with educational qualification (p = 0.001). The study has revealed gross fallacies regarding reversal of eruption sequence in children in Igbo Ora. Health education intervention should be given to them particularly targeting mothers and the less educatedItem Preference of saliva over other body fluids as samples for clinical and laboratory investigations among healthcare workers in Ibadan, Nigeria(2019) Lasisi, T.J.; Lawal, F.BThe study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of clinicians and laboratory scientists on the use of saliva for clinical or laboratory tests. This was a cross-sectional survey of health care workers (100 clinicians and 62 laboratory scientists) closely involved with specimen collection for clinical and laboratory investigation at two health facilities (secondary and tertiary) in Nigeria. Information was obtained from participants using pretested structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed with SPSS and level of significance set at p < 5%. The mean age of the study participants was 34.1 (±6.6) years. The majority (95.7%) knew saliva could be used for clinical/laboratory test. A higher proportion of laboratory scientists knew saliva could be used in diagnosing HIV (59.2%), oral diseases (88.7%), oro-facial tumors (64.4%) and genetic testing (94.5%) compared to (41%), (80%), (40%) and (80%), of clinicians respectively (p < 0.05). More clinicians (85%) indicated saliva as a good specimen for diagnosing systemic diseases compared with scientists (63%), p < 0.001. Saliva was the most comfortable/convenient body fluid to obtain from patients with more clinicians (80%) mentioning this than scientists (49.1%), p < 0.001. Twenty-six clinicians had used saliva for disease diagnosis (64%), treatment monitoring (28%) or research purposes (8%). Saliva sampling for research purposes was more prevalent among clinicians (p = 0.004). The majority of the health care workers knew the various uses and advantages of saliva as a specimen for clinical and laboratory investigation. However, few indicated previous use for clinical and laboratory investigation especially in the area of researchItem A Pilot Trial of the Impact of Financial Incentive on the Utilization of Dental Services among Civil Servants in Ibadan, Nigeria(2019) Alade, O.T.; Lawal, F.BFinancial constraints have been reported as major barriers to utilization of dental Services in developing countries. It is however unknown if financial incentives will improve dental Service utilization among civil servants in Nigeria. To evaluate the effect of financial incentive on the utilization of dental Services among civil servants in Ibadan, Nigeria. This was a pilot trial among two clusters of civil servants in Ibadan, Nigeria. In both groups, the civil servants participated in an oral health education programme, a dental screening exercise and referral for dental treatment. In addition to this, the experimental group got a financial incentive to present for treatment. The two groups were followed up for a period of twelve weeks. Data were analysed using SPSS. A total of 109 civil servants participated in the study. There were 62 in the control group and 47 in the experimental group. The mean age of the study participants in the control group was 42.1+8.75 years, mean DMFT was 0.95 + 1.87 and 94% of them had an unmet dental need. Similarly, in the experimental group the mean age was 44.7—11.68 years, mean DMFT was 0.45+0.95 and 98% of them had an unmet need. There was no significant difference between the two groups at baseline. At twelve weeks, none of those referred for treatment in the control group presented for treatment while only 3 (6.4%) experimental group presented for dental treatment. No statistical difference was observed (p=0.077). In this study financial incentive did not result in significant increased utilization of dental care Services among adultsItem Accessibility of young adolescents to information on dentai caries in Ibadan, Nigeria(2019) Lawal, F.BThe prevalence of dental caries, which is on the rise among adolescents in Nigeria has been associated with poor oral health awareness. It remains unknown if information about dental caries is available to young adolescents. This study therefore, determined the accessibility of young adolescents to information on dental caries in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was conducted among 911 pupils aged 10 to 12 years in 12 randomly selected public primary schools in three Local Government Areas in the metropolis of Ibadan. Data were obtained with structured interviewer administered questionnaires. Data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 23. Statistical significance was set at p < 5%. Only 90 (9.9%) pupils had accessed information on dental caries prior to the interview. Information on dental caries were accessed through dentists, 66 (73.3%) and school teachers 24 (26.7%). Pupils who were males (OR = 1.7, CI = 1.0 - 2.7, p = 0.04), whose parents had tertiary education (OR = 3.4, CI = 1.7 - 6.8, p < 0.001), had consulted a dentist (OR = 6.0, CI = 3.5 - 10.6, p < 0.001), rated their oral health as poor (OR = 2.0. CI = 1.1 -3.5, P = 0.024) or perceived a need for dental treatment (OR = 1.5, CI = 0.8 - 2.7, p = 0.196) were more likely to have accessed information on dental caries previously. Very few pupils had prior access to information on dental caries and dentists were the major sources. Male gender, higher parental education, previous dental consultations and poor self-rating of oral health were significant predictors of prior access to information on dental cariesItem A Health Education Video in an Indigenous Nigerian Language to Dispel Misconceptions Associated with Reversal of Eruption Sequence of Anterior Teeth(2019) Bankole, O.O.; Ibiyemi, O.; Lawal, F.BResearch findings conducted in Nigeria have revealed grave misconceptions regarding eruption of maxillary anterior teeth before the mandibular ones in children as affected individuals are believed to be evil, carriers of misfortune and their families are deemed cursed. Such children are stigmatized, abandoned and may be gotten rid of. A twenty three minute culturally appropriate video in the Yoruba language titled “Baba Yoyin” (meaning male tooth extractor -traditional dentist ) was developed to demystify the Nigerian community about misconceptions associated with reversal of eruption sequence of teeth and educate them about hazards associated with patronizing traditional dentists and the need to visit a dentist/doctor for advice. In the pre -production stage, the video was designed and planned and the cast , crew and appropriate locations for shooting the film shooting were selected . In the production stage, filming was done with several wide, medium and close shots. At post production, the film was edited with a sound mix comprising of sound effects and music. Computer graphic effects were added digitally. This video was produced in Yoruba, an indigenous Nigerian language to serve as a culturally appropriate community dental health education tool targeting nursing mothers, pregnant women, and traditional birth attendants from the lower social class in south western Nigeria. The storyline in this video tape will be translated into Igbo and Hausa , the two other major Nigerian languages. This videotape can be repeated in other African settings whose societies experience similar misconceptions about tooth eruptionItem Impact of Untreated Dental Caries on Daily Performances of Children From Low Social Class in an Urban African Population: The Importance of Pain(2019) Lawal, F.B; Bankole, O.OTo determine the impact of untreated dental caries on the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children from low social class in an urban Nigerian population. The study was conducted among 6 to 15-year-old pupils from low social class in randomly selected primary schools in Ibadan. An interviewer-administered Child Oral Impact on Daily Performances (C-OIDP) questionnaire was used to obtain required information. Oral examination was conducted by calibrated examiners. Data obtained were analyzed with SPSS and test of association done with Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests. A total of 1286 pupils participated in the study and 130 (10.1%) had untreated dental caries, out of which 26 (20.0%) had pain from carious tooth. The C-OIDP of children with dental caries was similar to that of children without caries [median 0.0 vs. median 0.0; r = -0.025; p=0.368]. The median COIDP (3.0) of those with untreated dental caries and pain was higher than that of participants with painless caries [0.0; r=-0.768; p<0.001]. There were significant impacts on all eight domains of the OHRQoL of those with untreated dental caries and pain (71.4 – 100.0%) when compared to those with painless caries (0.0 – 28.6%; p<0.05). Untreated dental caries significantly impacts on OHRQoL of pupils from low social class only when associated with painItem Impact of Untreated Dental Caries on Daily Performances of Children From Low Social Class in an Urban African Population: The Importance of Pain(2019) Lawal, F.B; Bankole, O.OTo determine the impact of untreated dental caries on the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children from low social class in an urban Nigerian population. The study was conducted among 6 to 15-year-old pupils from low social class in randomly selected primary schools in Ibadan. An interviewer-administered Child Oral Impact on Daily Performances (C-OIDP) questionnaire was used to obtain required information. Oral examination was conducted by calibrated examiners. Data obtained were analyzed with SPSS and test of association done with Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests. A total of 1286 pupils participated in the study and 130 (10.1%) had untreated dental caries, out of which 26 (20.0%) had pain from carious tooth. The C-OIDP of children with dental caries was similar to that of children without caries [median 0.0 vs. median 0.0; r = -0.025; p=0.368]. The median COIDP (3.0) of those with untreated dental caries and pain was higher than that of participants with painless caries [0.0; r=-0.768; p<0.001]. There were significant impacts on all eight domains of the OHRQoL of those with untreated dental caries and pain (71.4 – 100.0%) when compared to those with painless caries (0.0 – 28.6%; p<0.05). Untreated dental caries significantly impacts on OHRQoL of pupils from low social class only when associated with painItem Developmental defects of the enamel and its impact on the oral health quality of life of children resident in Southwest Nigeria(2018) Folayan, M.O.; Chukwumah, N. M.; Popoola, B. O.; Temilola, D.O.; Onyejaka, N. K.; Oyedele, T.A.; Lawal, F.BDevelopmental defects of the enamel (DDE) increase the risk for diseases that impact negatively on the quality of life. The objective of this study was to compare the oral health quality of life of children with molarincisor- hypomineralisation (MIH) and enamel hypoplasia; and assess if caries worsened the impact of these lesions on the quality of life. This study recruited 853 6 to 16-years-old school children. They filled the Child-OIDP questionnaire. The MIH, enamel hypoplasia, caries and oral hygiene status was assessed. Poisson regression was used to determine the impact of MIH and enamel hypoplasia on the oral health quality of life, after adjusting for the effect of sex, age, socioeconomic class, oral hygiene and caries status. The prevalence of MIH and enamel hypoplasia was 2.9% and 7.6% respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean child-OIDP scores of children with or without MIH (p = 0.57), children with or without enamel hypoplasia (p = 0.48), and children with enamel hypoplasia with and without caries (p = 0.30). Children with enamel hypoplasia and caries had worse outcomes for speaking (p = 0.01). Children with middle (AOR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.60–4.67; P < 0.01) and low (AOR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.04–2.95; p = 0.03) socioeconomic status, and those with caries (AOR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.26–3.22; p = 0.03) had their oral health quality of life negatively impacted. MIH and enamel hypoplasia had no significant impact on the overall oral health quality of life of children resident in southwestern Nigeria. However, children with caries and those from middle and low socioeconomic classes had poorer oral health quality of lifeItem Patients’ waiting experiences and satisfaction with oral care delivery at two levels of care in Ibadan, Nigeria(2018) Abiodun-Solanke, I. M.F; Lawal, F.B; Ajayi, D.MPatients waiting experiences at the dental centre and their satisfaction with services rendered by the health care team have not been fully explored and may be important factors that have influenced the pattern of utilization of dental services in this part of the world. The aim of this study was to determine what patients’ waiting experiences are, at two dental centres and find out how satisfied patients were with the services provided. A cross sectional study was conducted at two dental centres in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria over a period of twelve months. Data was collected using a 29-item structured questionnaire. Information sought were patients’ bio data, reasons for presenting at the dental centre, time on entry into the centre, their experiences from point of entry into the dental centre to consultation with the dentist and how satisfied they were with the services rendered. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Two hundred and sixty six respondents participated in the study with a mean age of 36.3 ±17years. The mean waiting time at the Primary Oral Health Care Center (POHCC) and tertiary health centre (UCH) were 11.5 ± 17.0 and 102.3 ± 47.3 minutes respectively. Many (85.3%) were satisfied with the services offered by the dentist, 78.0% were comfortable while waiting to see the doctor. Patients attending the POHCC were more satisfied with the stage of dropping appointment cards but less satisfied with the stage of being called in to see the doctor (22.9%) and when with the doctor (20.6%) compared with patients attending UCH (13.3%)(p<0.005). Many patients were comfortable while waiting to be seen by the dentist and the majority were satisfied with the stages of service delivery. However, causes of dissatisfaction and discomforts experienced by some of the patients will have to be addressedItem A short report on tooth replacement in an older suburban population in Nigeria(2017) Ibiyemi, O; Lawal, F.BTo determine: the knowledge of the participants about removable dentures, importance of tooth replacement; prevalence of tooth loss and denture use; and factors associated with its non-use among an elderly population in Nigeria. Tooth loss without replacement can impact negatively on the quality of life of the elders, thus making use of denture a basic requirement for those with partial or complete edentulous arches in developed countries. It is, however, not known if this is the case among elders in suburban Nigeria. A cross-section of 392 consenting elderly participants aged ≥65 years residing at Idikan, Ibadan, Nigeria, were interviewed on their biodata, knowledge of removable denture and importance of tooth replacement, history of use of denture and reasons for non-use where applicable. Oral examinations for the presence of missing teeth and denture were conducted by an examiner. Data were analysed with SPSS and P value set at ˂.05. The mean age of the participants was 73 (SD = 9.2) years. About 39% of the participants believed that it was important to replace missing teeth, 56.0% had poor knowledge about tooth replacement options, and 47.7% had at least a missing tooth. Only 7.1% of those with missing teeth had them replaced and all were using removable acrylic partial dentures. Financial constraint was the main reason for non-replacement of missing teeth (80.1%). Age, gender, occupation before retirement, income, level of education and presence of physical impairment were associated with non-use of denture (P ˂ .05). Many elderly individuals had poor knowledge about removable dentures and the importance of tooth replacement. About half of the participants had full complement of teeth and only 7.1% of those with tooth loss reported denture wear. Major reasons for non-use of dentures were due to economic reasons.