FACULTY OF DENTISTRY
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Item Why Patients Visit Dentists – A Study in all World Health Organization Regions(2020) John, M.T.; Sekuli, S.; Bekes, K.; Al-Harthyd, M.H.; Michelottie, A.; Reissmann, D.R.; Nikolovskag, J.; Sanivarapu, S.; Lawal, F. B.; List, T.; Kirsic, S, P; Strajnic, L.; Casassus, R.; Baba, K.; Schimmel, M.; Amuasi, A.; Jayasinghe, R.D.; Strujic-Porovic, .S.; Peck, C. C.; Xie, H.; Bendixen, K. H.; Pallares, M. A. S.; Perez-Franco, E.; Sistani, M. M. N.; Valerio, P.; Letunova, N.; Nurelhuda, N. M.; David W. Bartlett, D. W.; Oluwafemi, I. A.; Dghoughi, S.; Ferreira, J. N. A. R.; Chantaracherd, P; Rener-Sitar, K.The dimensions of oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact are the major areas where patients are impacted by oral diseases and dental interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dental patients’ reasons to visit the dentist fit the 4 OHRQoL dimensions. Dentists (N 5 1580) from 32 countries participated in a web-based survey. For their patients with current oral health problems, dentists were asked whether these problems were related to teeth, mouth, and jaws’ function, pain, appearance, or psychosocial impact or whether they do not fit the aforementioned 4 categories. Dentists were also asked about their patients who intended to prevent future oral health problems. For both patient groups, the proportions of oral health problems falling into the 4 OHRQoL dimensions were calculated. For every 100 dental patients with current oral health problems, 96 had problems related to teeth, mouth, and jaws’ function, pain, appearance, or psychosocial impact. For every 100 dental patients who wanted to prevent future oral health problems, 92 wanted to prevent problems related to these 4 OHRQoL dimensions. Both numbers increased to at least 98 of 100 patients when experts analyzed dentists’ explanations of why some oral health problems would not fit the four dimension. For the remaining 2 of 100 patients, none of the dentis tprovided explanations suggested evidence against the OHRQoL dimensions as the concepts that capture dental patients’ suffering. Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact capture dental patients’ oral health problems worldwide. These 4 OHRQoL dimensions offer a psychometrically sound and practical framework for patient care and research, identifying what is important to dental patientsItem Accessibility of young adolescents to information on dentai caries in Ibadan, Nigeria(2019) Lawal, F.BThe prevalence of dental caries, which is on the rise among adolescents in Nigeria has been associated with poor oral health awareness. It remains unknown if information about dental caries is available to young adolescents. This study therefore, determined the accessibility of young adolescents to information on dental caries in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was conducted among 911 pupils aged 10 to 12 years in 12 randomly selected public primary schools in three Local Government Areas in the metropolis of Ibadan. Data were obtained with structured interviewer administered questionnaires. Data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 23. Statistical significance was set at p < 5%. Only 90 (9.9%) pupils had accessed information on dental caries prior to the interview. Information on dental caries were accessed through dentists, 66 (73.3%) and school teachers 24 (26.7%). Pupils who were males (OR = 1.7, CI = 1.0 - 2.7, p = 0.04), whose parents had tertiary education (OR = 3.4, CI = 1.7 - 6.8, p < 0.001), had consulted a dentist (OR = 6.0, CI = 3.5 - 10.6, p < 0.001), rated their oral health as poor (OR = 2.0. CI = 1.1 -3.5, P = 0.024) or perceived a need for dental treatment (OR = 1.5, CI = 0.8 - 2.7, p = 0.196) were more likely to have accessed information on dental caries previously. Very few pupils had prior access to information on dental caries and dentists were the major sources. Male gender, higher parental education, previous dental consultations and poor self-rating of oral health were significant predictors of prior access to information on dental cariesItem Oral health status of children seen at a paediatric neurology clinic in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria(2012) Denloye, O.; Ajayi, D.; Lagunju, I.The study was carried out to determine oral health status and oral health needs of children presenting at the paediatric neurology clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Diagnosis of each child’s disability was performed by the Consultant Paediatric Neurologist. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and previous history of trauma to the o rofacial structures for each child were obtained and intraoral examinations were done using WHO guide lines. Sixty-one children were diagnosed within the period of study and highest proportion (44.3%) had epilepsy while 41.0% had cerebral palsy. Prevalence of dental caries and trauma were 11.5% and 39.3% respectively while 72.1% had good oral hygiene. Despite the relatively good oral health of the children under study, periodic dental recall appointments will be beneficial in order to supervise and evaluate oral health when early detection and prevention of lesions can be instituted.Item How valid are the psychometric properties of the oral health impact profile-14 measure in adult dental patients in Ibadan, Nigeria?(2014) Lawal, F.B.; Taiwo, J. O.; Arowojolu, M. OBACKGROUND: The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) is the most widely used quality of life (QoL) measure to evaluate the influence of oral diseases on individuals. QoL measures have been noted to be context and environment specific, and there is a need to cross-culturally adapt a scale before its introduction into any community. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties, validity and internal consistency of the OHIP-14 measure in an adult patient population in Ibadan, Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a four-month period on 204 adult patients using OHIP-14 structured questionnaire, global self-report indicator of oral conditions and perceived treatment need. Oral examinations were performed to assess periodontal status, caries experience and attachment loss. Data were analyzed using SPSS and p-value for statistical significance was set at < 0.05. Results: A total of 204 patients participated in the study with a mean OHIP score of 11.2 (± 9.8). OHIP scores were not related to the sociodemographic characteristics. Perception of need for treatment was greater among those who reported impacts on their QoL (89.3% vs. 14.3%, p < 0.001). The OHIP scores correlated negatively with global self rating of oral health status (rho = -0.23, p < 0.01). Higher OHIP scores were associated with having carious teeth (p = 0.023). The Cronbach’s alpha for the 14 inventory items ranged from 0.857 to 0.871. CONCLUSION: The OHIP-14 measure showed good psychometric properties with satisfactory validity and internal consistency in adult patients in Ibadan, NigeriaItem Validation of the oral impact on daily performance frequency scale in Ibadan, Nigeria(2013) Lawal, F. B.; Taiwo, J.O.; Arowojolu, M.O.Background: Oral health related quality of life measures provide alternative ways to evaluate oral health status in a way that prioritises impact on lifestyle. These measures are, however, hardly used in our setting. Before the measures can be used effectively, validity of the tool needs to be evaluated. The aim of the study was to validate the Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) frequency scale in an adult Nigerian patient population. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross sectional study in which consecutive patients attending the Primary Oral Health Care Centre, Idikan and the Oral Diagnosis Clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan were recruited. Data was collected with OIDP structured interviewer administered questionnaires, global self-rating and perceived treatment need questions and by oral examination. The frequency scale of the OIDP index was used to compute the impact scores. Data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 19. Results: A total of 204 patients participated in the study. The OIDP score ranged from 0 to 40; 78.9% of the participants reported an impact on daily performance with eating and enjoying food being the most reported activity impacted upon. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.811; the OIDP index was significantly associated with global self ratings of oral health, perceived need for dental treatment and was able to discriminate between patients with or without dental caries. Conclusion: The OIDP frequency scale exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties amongst adult dental patients in Ibadan, NigeriaItem Oral health practices of adult inhabitants of a traditional community in Ibadan, Nigeria(2013) Lawal, F.B.; Taiwo, J.O..; Oke, G.A.BACKGROUND: Although, the association between oral health care practices and sociodemographic characteristics of populations have been documented, information is sparse on sociodemographic indices influencing oral health practices of residents of traditional communities. The study aimed to describe the oral health practices of adult inhabitants of a traditional community in Nigeria. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study involving adult residents in randomly selected houses in Idikan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Data on their oral health care practices was obtained with the use of structured interviewer administered questionnaires. Data was analysed with SPSS and test of association carried out using Chi square. RESULTS: A total of 390 adult residents participated in the study, of which 56.2% were males. A total of 196 (50.3%) participants used toothbrush solely to clean their teeth, 72 (18.5%) used chewing sticks alone while 119 (30.5%) used both tooth brush and chewing stick. Older residents of the community, those with no formal education and in lower occupational classes were more likely to use chewing stick (p < 0.05). The majority (68.7%) cleaned their teeth once daily, 30% cleaned twice while 1.3% cleaned infrequently. Educational level attained and occupational class were significantly related to frequency of oral hygiene. Nearly all (95.4%) of the participants knew that oral health Services are available in most hospitals, yet only 35.9% had ever visited a dental Centre with a significantly higher Proportion being males (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study showed that the oral health practices of a typical traditional community in Nigeria are highly influenced by socioeconomic considerationsItem Self rating of oral health status by student dental surgeon assistants in Ibadan, Nigeria – a pilot survey(2013) Lawal, F.B.; Olawole, W.O.; Sigbeku, O.Background: Individuals, generally, in this environment are known to rate their oral health status favourably despite the presence of oral diseases and conditions, probably due to sub optimal awareness level about oral health, however it is not known if this is the case with members of the dental team especially those who assist the dentist in day to day procedures. Objective: This study assessed the self ratings of oral health status amongst student dental surgeon assistants on clinical rotation at the Dental Centre, UCH, Ibadan. Method: This was a descriptive cross sectional study in which data was obtained with the use of self administered questionnaire and by clinical oral examination. Data obtained included sociodemographic data of respondents, questions assessing self rating of oral health status and evaluation of presence or absence of clinical oral conditions. Results: A total of 54 students with a mean age of 23.9years on clinical posting participated in the study. Nearly all (98.1%) rated their oral health as very good or good and 55.6% perceived a need for oral health care. About 60% had consulted a dentist previously. The mean DMFT was 0.28 and 14.8% of the respondents had a DMFT score > 0. Significant association was found between the global self rating of oral health and perceived need for dental treatment. Conclusion: The perceived need for dental treatment is an important factor in global rating of oral health amongst student dental surgeon assistantsItem Validation of the oral impact on daily performance frequency scale in Ibadan, Nigeria(2013) Lawal, F. B.; Taiwo, J. O.; Arowojolu, M. O.Background: Oral health related quality of life measures provide alternative ways to evaluate oral health status in a way that prioritises impact on lifestyle. These measures are, however, hardly used in our setting. Before the measures can be used effectively, validity of the tool needs to be evaluated. The aim of the study was to validate the Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) frequency scale in an adult Nigerian patient population. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross sectional study in which consecutive patients attending the Primary Oral Health Care Centre, Idikan and the Oral Diagnosis Clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan were recruited. Data was collected with OIDP structured interviewer administered questionnaires, global self-rating and perceived treatment need questions and by oral examination. The frequency scale of the OIDP index was used to compute the impact scores. Data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 19. Results: A total of 204 patients participated in the study. The OIDP score ranged from 0 to 40; 78.9% of the participants reported an impact on daily performance with eating and enjoying food being the most reported activity impacted upon. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.811; the OIDP index was significantly associated with global self ratings of oral health, perceived need for dental treatment and was able to discriminate between patients with or without dental caries. Conclusion: The OIDP frequency scale exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties amongst adult dental patients in Ibadan, NigeriaItem Oral health practices of adult inhabitants of a traditional community in Ibadan, Nigeria(2013) Lawal, F. B.; Taiwo, J. O.; Oke, G. A.BACKGROUND: Although, the association between oral health care practices and sociodemographic characteristics of populations have been documented, information is sparse on sociodemographic indices influencing oral health practices of residents of traditional communities. The study aimed to describe the oral health practices of adult inhabitants of a traditional community in Nigeria. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study involving adult residents in randomly selected houses in Idikan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Data on their oral health care practices was obtained with the use of structured interviewer administered questionnaires. Data was analysed with SPSS and test of association carried out using Chi square. RESULTS: A total of 390 adult residents participated in the study, of which 56.2% were males. A total of 196 (50.3%) participants used toothbrush solely to clean their teeth, 72 (18.5%) used chewing sticks alone while 119 (30.5%) used both tooth brush and chewing stick. Older residents of the community, those with no formal education and in lower occupational classes were more likely to use chewing stick (p < 0.05). The majority (68.7%) cleaned their teeth once daily, 30% cleaned twice while 1.3% cleaned infrequently. Educational level attained and occupational class were significantly related to frequency of oral hygiene. Nearly all (95.4%) of the participants knew that oral health Services are available in most hospitals, yet only 35.9% had ever visited a dental Centre with a significantly higher Proportion being males (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study showed that the oral health practices of a typical traditional community in Nigeria are highly influenced by socioeconomic considerationsItem Self rating of oral health status by student dental surgeon assistants in Ibadan, Nigeria – a pilot survey(2013-06) Lawal, F. B.; Olawole, W. O.; Sigbeku, O.Background: Individuals, generally, in this environment are known to rate their oral health status favourably despite the presence of oral diseases and conditions, probably due to sub optimal awareness level about oral health, however it is not known if this is the case with members of the dental team especially those who assist the dentist in day to day procedures. Objective: This study assessed the self ratings of oral health status amongst student dental surgeon assistants on clinical rotation at the Dental Centre, UCH, Ibadan. Method: This was a descriptive cross sectional study in which data was obtained with the use of self administered questionnaire and by clinical oral examination. Data obtained included sociodemographic data of respondents, questions assessing self rating of oral health status and evaluation of presence or absence of clinical oral conditions. Results: A total of 54 students with a mean age of 23.9years on clinical posting participated in the study. Nearly all (98.1%) rated their oral health as very good or good and 55.6% perceived a need for oral health care. About 60% had consulted a dentist previously. The mean DMFT was 0.28 and 14.8% of the respondents had a DMFT score > 0. Significant association was found between the global self rating of oral health and perceived need for dental treatment. Conclusion: The perceived need for dental treatment is an important factor in global rating of oral health amongst student dental surgeon assistants