FACULTY OF DENTISTRY

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    Clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices of adolescents in Nigeria
    (2020) Lawal, F. B.; Oke, G. A
    The institution of appropriate oral health promotion programs targeted at adolescents in schools in developing countries requires baseline information on their oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices as well as associated factors influencing it, which are unknown. This study assessed clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices of adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. Two-thousand and ninety-seven students aged 12-18 years were recruited from 30 randomly selected secondary schools in a cross-sectional study conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were obtained through a questionnaire on oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices, and sociodemographic characteristics. Oral examination was conducted to assess the clinical oral condition of the adolescents. Data were analyzed with SPSS. The higher the percentage scores, the better the oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices, and overall awareness of oral health. The oral health knowledge score ranged from 0% to 60%; mean oral health knowledge score was 15.1% (±6.6%). The oral health attitude score ranged from 0% to 91.3%; mean oral health attitude score was 44.5% (± 14.3%). The oral health practices score ranged from 0% to 88.9%, and mean oral health practices score was 42.5% (± 13.8%). The mean oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices score was 43.8% (± 11.4%). A total of 1537 (73.3%) participants had unhealthy periodontium and 98 (4.7%) had dental caries. Students who were 12-15 years (odds ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.42.0, p < 0.001), females (odds ratio = 1.2, 95% confidence interval = I.0-I.5, p = 0.024), offspring of skilled workers (odds ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval = I.I-2.0, p = 0.010), previously educated about oral health (odds ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval = I.0-I.7, p = 0.023), consulted the dentist (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = I.2-3.I, p = 0.009), or had unhealthy periodontal condition (odds ratio = I.2, 95% confidence interval = I.0-I.5, p = 0.042) were more likely to have higher oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices scores or awareness than others. Better knowledge, attitude, and practices score was associated with younger age group, higher occupational class, previous oral health education, dental consultation, and having unhealthy periodontal condition
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    Knowledge of School-Going Adolescents About the Oral Effects of Tobacco Usage in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria
    (2020) Lawal, F.B.; Fagbule, O.F.
    The individual knowledge of the effects of tobacco usage on health plays an important role in its uptake. Tobacco consumption usually starts during adolescence, and lack of knowledge about the oral problems of tobacco usage probably plays a role in it. To determine the knowledge of adolescents about the effect of tobacco usage on oral health. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,465 adolescents aged 12 to 20 years who attended senior secondary schools in a major city in Nigeria. Data were obtained through a semistructured questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed with SPSS. The mean age of respondents was 15.2 (_1.4) years. Only 40 (2.7%) of them used tobacco at the time of study and 992 (67.7%) said that tobacco usage has effect(s) on oral health. The main effects mentioned were mouth odor: 338 (34.1%); teethdiscoloration: 297 (29.9%); tooth decay: 138 (13.9%); damage to teeth: 72 (7.3%); lip discoloration: 39 (3.9%); and oral cancer: 11 (1.1%). It was found that female respondents (72.1%, odds ratio¼1.4, confidence interval¼1.1–1.7, p¼.005); those aged 12 to 15 years (73.6%, odds ratio¼2.0, confidence interval¼1.6–2.5, p<.001); and children of skilled workers (73.4%, odds ratio¼1.9, confidence interval¼1.2–3.0, p¼.008) were more likely to mention that tobacco has adverse effect(s) on oral health. Although two thirds of the students knew that tobacco usage has effects on oral health, there were gross inadequaciesin the knowledge and misconceptions about those effects
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    Accessibility of young adolescents to information on dentai caries in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (2019) Lawal, F.B
    The prevalence of dental caries, which is on the rise among adolescents in Nigeria has been associated with poor oral health awareness. It remains unknown if information about dental caries is available to young adolescents. This study therefore, determined the accessibility of young adolescents to information on dental caries in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was conducted among 911 pupils aged 10 to 12 years in 12 randomly selected public primary schools in three Local Government Areas in the metropolis of Ibadan. Data were obtained with structured interviewer administered questionnaires. Data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 23. Statistical significance was set at p < 5%. Only 90 (9.9%) pupils had accessed information on dental caries prior to the interview. Information on dental caries were accessed through dentists, 66 (73.3%) and school teachers 24 (26.7%). Pupils who were males (OR = 1.7, CI = 1.0 - 2.7, p = 0.04), whose parents had tertiary education (OR = 3.4, CI = 1.7 - 6.8, p < 0.001), had consulted a dentist (OR = 6.0, CI = 3.5 - 10.6, p < 0.001), rated their oral health as poor (OR = 2.0. CI = 1.1 -3.5, P = 0.024) or perceived a need for dental treatment (OR = 1.5, CI = 0.8 - 2.7, p = 0.196) were more likely to have accessed information on dental caries previously. Very few pupils had prior access to information on dental caries and dentists were the major sources. Male gender, higher parental education, previous dental consultations and poor self-rating of oral health were significant predictors of prior access to information on dental caries
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    Making a Case for Formal School-Based Oral Health Promotion: Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Pupils in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (2018) Lawal, F.B.; Taiwo, J. O
    Providing evidence for institution of school-based oral health promotion programs is paramount in developing countries, due to increasing unmet dental needs impacting on quality of life of children. To evaluate oral health knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of pupils in a country lacking formal school oral health promotion. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,297 pupils in randomly selected primary schools in one city. Information on oral health KAP were obtained using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Responses to questions were graded, standardized, and data analyzed using SPSS. The mean age was 10.6 (_1.7) years. Mean KAP percentage scores were 18.1 (_5.0)%, 18.3 (_4.9)%, and 17.3 (_12.8)%, respectively. Older age, male gender, and previous dental consultations were significantly associated with higher KAP scores. Those who had been educated informally about oral health had higher mean KAP scores (p¼.013, p<.001, and p<.001, respectively). Previous oral health education and consultation with dentists were significant predictors of higher oral health practice scores. Poor oral health KAP exists among the pupils. Those who had consulted the dentist or had oral health education had better KAP. These findings reinforce the need for formal school-based oral health promotion
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    Roles of teachers in promoting oral health in schools: a cross sectional survey in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (2015) Lawal, F.B.; Gbadebo, S.O.
    The paucity of formal oral health promoting activities in schools in sub-Saharan Africa has not been properly addressed partly because of failure to integrate teachers with their roles. The study aimed to determine the roles of elementary school teachers in promoting oral health in schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. A questionnaire-based study was conducted among a representative sample of 338 teachers randomly selected from elementary schools in Ibadan. The majority, 308 (91.1%), believed that teachers should play important roles in promoting oral health in schools. Tooth cleaning by 272 (80.5%) and inspection of their pupils’ mouths by 206 (60.9%) teachers were the only oral health promotion activities the teachers were engaged in. Many, 258 (76.3%), were satisfied with their roles in promoting oral health in their schools while 29.0% were satisfied with the roles of dentists. Main reason mentioned by teachers for inadequate oral health promotion in schools was “dentists not doing enough” by 200 (59.2%) while the most commonly suggested solution to improve the situation was frequent school visitation by dentists, 261 (77.2%). Most, 297 (87.9%) were willing to be involved if oral health promoting activities are formally instituted. Many of the teachers believed they play important roles in promoting oral health in schools and are satisfied with their present activities in achieving this, despite very few oral health promotional activities existing in schools. Nonexistence of formal school oral health promotion activities were believed to be caused, majorly, by dentists not doing enough in schools.
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    An audit of school oral health education program in a developing country
    (2014) Lawal, F.B.; Taiwo, J.O
    The increasing prevalence of oral diseases in children in developing countries is a major public health concern and creates the need to review various preventive strategies put in place on oral health promotion. In the absence of formal national programs, tertiary health institutions have adopted low-budget school oral education programs targeted at improving oral health awareness and behavioral changes in school children. The aim of this study was to review the school oral health education programs conducted by the Community Dentistry Unit of a tertiary hospital in a major city in Nigeria. An evaluation of the school oral health education programs conducted in the city over a 5-year period was done. Data collected included: venue of the program, the number of students and teachers educated in each school, screening and referrals, adequacy of teaching aids, desire for revisit, and barriers noted in its conduct. A total of 104 oral health education programs were conducted during this period involving 16,248 participants. The majority (80%) of the schools visited was primary schools and 54% were privately owned. Over half of the programs were conducted on assembly grounds, 21% in classrooms, and 13% in school halls. Challenges encountered included: lack of audiovisual aids, transportation problems, inadequacy of screening tools, and insufficient promotional materials. All the schools visited requested for (subsequent) regular visitation. Conclusion: The study showed the feasibility of low-budget oral health education and willingness of schools to benefit from such programs. There are barriers to effective communication, which can be mitigated in order to achieve an optimal school oral health education program in a low resource setting