Human Nutrition and Dietetics

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Determinants of anthropometric characteristics of under-five children in internally displaced persons´ camps in Abuja municipal area council, Abuja, Nigeria
(African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), 2020) Idowu, S. O.; Akindolire, A. E.; Adebayo, B. E.; Adebayo, A. M.; Ariyo, O.
Introduction: displacement predisposes to deprivation and hunger and consequently malnutrition. In Nigeria, information on anthropometric characteristics and associated factors among displaced under-five children is important to strengthen strategies to ameliorate malnutrition and promote child health. This study was conducted to identify the determinants of anthropometric indices among under-five children in internally displaced persons’ camps in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods: this cross-sectional study involved 317 mother-child (0-59 months) pairs selected using two-stage simple random sampling technique. Information on socio-demographic, care practices (infant feeding, immunization, deworming) and anthropometric characteristics of index children was obtained using semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Weight and length/height were assessed using standard procedure and analysed using World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro software. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression at p<0.05. Results: median age was 24 months, 50.8% were male and 42.3% were delivered at health facility. Only 45.4% were exclusively breastfed, 28.8% were fed complementary foods too early, 45.4% were dewormed in the preceding six months and 43.9% had complete/up-to-date immunisation. Prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was 42%, 41% and 29.3%, respectively. Poor anthropometric indices were higher among male than female children, except wasting. Having good anthropometric index was 2.5 times higher among children <12 months than children ≥37 months (CI: 1.08-5.8), 2.4 times higher among 1st birth orders than 5th order (CI: 0.19-0.93), 1.7 times higher among female than male children (CI: 1.08-2.82). Conclusion: malnutrition is a major health problem among under-five children in internally displaced camps and major determinants include age, birth order, gender and deworming status.
Nutrition evaluation in HIV seropositive patients using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool and Subjective Global Assessment in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Nutrition Society of Nigeria, 2015) Folasire, O. F.; Adebayo, A. M.; Sanusi, R.A.
Background: Early identification of nutritional risks in People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in low-income settings depends onan awareness of the available and reliable tools. Objectives: The study was designed to compare the nutritional status evaluation of PLWHA using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) tool, and to also determine the cut-off values of MUST and SGA that corresponds to underweight with BMI (<18.5kg/m3) as the gold standard. Methodology: The study reviewed records of HIV seropositive patients between May and October 2008 at the antiretroviral clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Clinical symptoms and anthropometric data of 120 PLWHA were extracted from the hospital records for nutritional evaluation by the BMI, MUST, and SGA tools. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in data analysis. Cut-off values for MUST and SGA tools in identifying underweight (BMI<18.5) were determined using Receiver Operation Curve (ROC) analysis. Level of significance was placed at p<0.05. Results: Prevalence of underweight was 5.8% (BMI), 75.8% were at high risk of malnutrition (MUST score ≥2) while 42.3% had suspected and severe malnutrition (SGA B&C) respectively. There is a significant difference between MUST and SGA risk of malnutrition X=17.331, p=0.000. ROC curve for MUST was more accurate in identifying underweight compared with SGA (AUC-0.900, CI=0.778 to 1.012, p=0.000 vs AUC-0.700, C.1-0.476 to 0.934, p=0.070). At a MUST score of 3.4 and SGA of 6.0, about 10% and 30% of the underweight respondents were not identified. Conclusion: With the use of MUST and SGA tools, more PLWHA were at risk of malnutrition. Thus, combined use of MUST and SGA gives a better assessment than BMI.
Nutritional status of school children in South-west Nigeria: Inferences from a national homegrown school feeding programme
(Makerere University Medical School, 2024) Obembe, T. A.; Bosede, A. O.; Ariyo, O.; Adeniji, F. I. P.; Olaoye, A.; Adebayo, A. M.
Background: The School Feeding Programme if properly executed has the capacity to improve the nutritional status of the school children. Objective: To assess the nutritional status of school children in Ondo State Nigeria given that the National Home-Grown School Feeding Programme (NHGSFP) has been operational in the state for over five years. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Results: A total of 234 subjects from public schools and 227 subjects from private schools were enrolled in the study. Their mean age was 8.23 ± 1.92 years. Wasting, overweight, obesity, underweight, and stunting were noted in 19.4%, 11.4%, 0.4%, 5.0%, and 20.7% of the children, respectively. The prevalence of stunting (30.3%) and wasting (23.9%) was more among subjects from the public schools. A significant association was found between Weight-for-Age Z-score, Height-for-Age Z-score, and BMI-for-Age Z-score and the children’s school type (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Majority of the children showed normal growth, the rest were in both extremes of malnutrition, the subjects from private schools seem to present better nutritional status, although there is no baseline data to ratify this finding. A further study on this subject using the current finding as a baseline data is recommended. Keywords: School children; Nutritional assessment; Stunting; Underweight; Wasting; School feeding programme.