Human Nutrition and Dietetics
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Item Food sources of key nutrients, meal and dietary patterns among children aged 4–13 years in Ibadan, Nigeria: findings from the 2019 Kids nutrition and health study(MDPI AG (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute), 2022) Sanusi, R. A.; Wang, D.; Ariyo, O.; Eyinla, T. E.; Tassy, M.; Eldridge, A. L.; Ogundero, A.; Leshi, O.; Lenighan, Y. M.; Ejoh, S. I.; Aleru, E.This study examined the contribution of food to nutrient intake, meal and dietary patterns among children aged 4–8 and 9–13 years in the city of Ibadan, Nigeria. Multi-pass 24-hour dietary recalls were used to assess intakes. Prudent and traditional Southwestern Nigerian dietary patterns were identified among children. The top foods and beverages were defined by frequency and amount consumed. Meal patterns were described by the eating occasions, while cluster analysis probed dietary patterns. About 88% of children had at least three meals including breakfast (95%), lunch (85%), dinner (92%) and midmorning meals (48%), while about 60% ate snacks at least once daily. Sources of energy and key nutrients were limited (yam, cassava, rice, maize, bread and beans/peas/legumes). The amount consumed per consumer of cassava products (192.2, 256.0 g), yam (169.7, 256.0 g), legumes (115.3, 150.7 g), corn/maize (160.4, 195.2), and rice (138.4, 182.3 g) were high, while beef (15.2, 17.9 g), eggs (50.6, 49.2 g), fish (27.5, 30.6 g), milk (24.2, 27.0 g) and nuts and seeds (18.2, 19.7 g) were low for children ages 4–8 and 9–13 years, respectively. In conclusion, while the frequency of meals suggests a healthy pattern, the top foods could not provide adequate nutrient (especially micronutrient) intake, which is key to the development of the target population.Item Food-related coping strategies adopted by some households during covid-19 lockdown in Nigeria(Open Journals Nigeria, 2021) Ariyo, O.; Samuel, F. O.; Eyinla, T. E.; Leshi, O. O.; Brai, B. I. C.; Afolabi, W. O.As part of the measures to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus in Nigeria during the early stages of the pandemic, a lockdown of movements within and from outside the country was declared by the federal government. This article presents findings on food-related coping strategies adopted during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria. A cross sectional survey using an online based questionnaire received responses from 883 households regarding information on food consumption, health seeking behaviour and food coping strategies during the COVID-19 lockdown. Food Coping Strategy Index (FCSI) was computed from the data received based on standard methods. Analysis and presentation of data was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The key findings show that daily mealtimes generally reduced from an average of 3 to 2 times. The storage capacity of households showed an average of 2-week food stock of staples, and most of the respondents had started reducing either their usual portion sizes or frequency of meals in order to cope with food shortages. As regards health seeking behavior, older respondents were more likely to take prophylactic medication (p<0.004) and there was a higher preference for fruits and Vitamin C as prophylactic items. A negative correlation between FCSI with mealtime during COVID-19 lockdown (p<0.000) and monthly income (p<0.000) was observed. The findings presented provide information for policy intervention in the areas of social safety nets and palliatives disbursement in the event of similar lockdown restrictions in the future.Item Nutrient intake in children 4–13 years old in Ibadan, Nigeria(MDPI AG (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute), 2021) Tassy, M.; Eldridge, A. L.; Sanusi, R. A.; Ariyo, O.; Ogundero, A.; Eyinla, T. E.; Wang, D.The paucity of adequate data on dietary and nutrient intakes of school-age children is a barrier to addressing malnutrition and associated risks in Nigeria. This study included 955 children aged 4–13 years from Ibadan, Nigeria, using a stratified random sampling design. Information on family socio-demographic characteristics was reported, and child anthropometrics were measured. Dietary intake data were collected using a multi-pass 24 h dietary recall method; 20% of subjects completed a second 24 h recall to estimate usual nutrient intakes. Means and distributions of usual intakes of energy and nutrients as well as prevalence of inadequacy were estimated. Usual energy intake (kcal/day) was 1345 and 1590 for younger (4–8 years) and older (9–13 years) age groups, respectively. The macronutrient intakes of most children did not conform to Adequate Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs), which were characterized by a higher proportion of energy from carbohydrates and lower proportion from total fats. Protein intake was largely within the AMDR. Compared to recommendations, over 60% of 4–8-year-old children had inadequate intakes of calcium, copper, iron, folate, and vitamins A, D, and E. There were more micronutrient inadequacies in the older children. This study identifies nutrition gaps and suggests future research and education to improve child nutrition in Nigeria.Item Determinants of appropriate complementary feeding practices among women with children aged 6-23 months in Iseyin, Nigeria(Complementary feeding, Minimum adequate diet, Minimum dietary diversity, Minimum meal frequency, Nigeria, 2021) Ariyo, O.; Aderibigbe, O. R.; Ojo, T. J.; Sturm, O. H.Malnutrition and poor complementary feeding are more predominant in rural than urban areas. Yet, little attention has been given to these discrepancies and the use of validated composite index to explore determinants of complementary feeding practices. Hence, this study was aimed at identifying the determinants of appropriate complementary feeding practices among mothers with children aged 6-23 months in Iseyin, Nigeria. A community based cross sectional survey involving 390 mother-child dyads was con- ducted using a three-stage simple random sampling. Information on household sociode- mographic characteristics, complementary feeding practices, 24-hour dietary intake and anthropometric characteristics of youngest child in the household were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire. Complementary feeding indicators and anthropometric in- dices were estimated using the 2008 World Health Organization recommendations and WHO Anthro, respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic re- gression at p < 0.05. Mothers’ mean age was 28.7 ±5.6 years, 99.4% were married, and 92.1% attended ante- natal care sessions. Mean age of children was 14.5 ±5.1 months, 56.2% were male and 31.0% were firstborn. Of all the children, 72.3% had timely introduction of complemen- tary food, 17.7% had minimum dietary diversity, 46.9% had minimum meal frequency and 14.9% had minimum acceptable diet. Grains, root and tubers (91.3%) constituted the mostly consumed complementary foods. Overall, only 10.0% of children had appropriate comple- mentary feeding; child’s age, birth order and mother’s income were determinants of ap- propriate complementary feeding. Appropriate complementary feeding practices remain very low and this is influenced by the child’s age, birth order and mother’s income.Item Determinants of anthropometric characteristics of under-five children in internally displaced persons´ camps in Abuja municipal area council, Abuja, Nigeria(African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), 2020) Idowu, S. O.; Akindolire, A. E.; Adebayo, B. E.; Adebayo, A. M.; Ariyo, O.Introduction: displacement predisposes to deprivation and hunger and consequently malnutrition. In Nigeria, information on anthropometric characteristics and associated factors among displaced under-five children is important to strengthen strategies to ameliorate malnutrition and promote child health. This study was conducted to identify the determinants of anthropometric indices among under-five children in internally displaced persons’ camps in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods: this cross-sectional study involved 317 mother-child (0-59 months) pairs selected using two-stage simple random sampling technique. Information on socio-demographic, care practices (infant feeding, immunization, deworming) and anthropometric characteristics of index children was obtained using semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Weight and length/height were assessed using standard procedure and analysed using World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro software. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression at p<0.05. Results: median age was 24 months, 50.8% were male and 42.3% were delivered at health facility. Only 45.4% were exclusively breastfed, 28.8% were fed complementary foods too early, 45.4% were dewormed in the preceding six months and 43.9% had complete/up-to-date immunisation. Prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was 42%, 41% and 29.3%, respectively. Poor anthropometric indices were higher among male than female children, except wasting. Having good anthropometric index was 2.5 times higher among children <12 months than children ≥37 months (CI: 1.08-5.8), 2.4 times higher among 1st birth orders than 5th order (CI: 0.19-0.93), 1.7 times higher among female than male children (CI: 1.08-2.82). Conclusion: malnutrition is a major health problem among under-five children in internally displaced camps and major determinants include age, birth order, gender and deworming status.