Human Nutrition and Dietetics
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Item Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Healthy Lifestyle among Undergraduate Students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.(Nigerian Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2015) Sanusi, R. A.; Ogundero, A.; Folasire, O. F.Unhealthy lifestyle such as inappropriate diet, lack of exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, caffeine overuse and improper sleeping habits seen among university students has been associated with the global burden of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed at describing the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthy lifestyle among undergraduates in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 407 undergraduate students selected from ten undergraduate halls using a simple random sampling technique. A pre-tested, self- administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demography, knowledge, attitude and practice of healthy lifestyle based on literature. The dietary practice was assessed with a Food Frequency Questionnaire Physical activity was assessed with the short-form of International physical activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) tool. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard procedures. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic at p=0.05. Age of the respondents was 21.8±3.24years and 58% were females. Almost all the respondents (97.8%) had a good knowledge of healthy lifestyle, 38.3% had negative attitude towards healthy lifestyle. About 40% skipped lunch while 7.1% consumed fruits and vegetables daily, as regards the activity level of the respondents, 69%, 12.5%, 10.3% had a moderate, high, and low physical activity levels respectively while 62.4% of the respondents sleep between four and seven hours/day. Majority (71.5%) of the respondents had normal weight while 15.2% were underweight. Even though, majority of the respondents had good knowledge of healthy lifestyle principles, the actual practice was still very low thus highlighting the need for enabling environment to promote adequate practice of healthy lifestyle.Item Does nutrition knowledge and practice of athletes translate to enhanced athletic performance? Cross-sectional study amongst Nigerian undergraduate athletes.(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2015) Folasire, O. F.; Akomolafe, A. A.; Sanusi, R. A.Introduction and Objectives: Nutrition knowledge of an athlete, as well as practice, is expected to influence athlete's performance. The study assessed the nutrition knowledge and practice as well as athletes' performance and identified the factors predicting the athletes' performance. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey, involved 110 purposively selected undergraduate athletes (47 females, 63 males) of University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between July 2013 and December 2013. A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire assessed the nutrition knowledge and practice. 24-hr diet recall and food frequency questionnaire were done. Anthropometric measurements were taken; body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Handgrip strength (HGS), as an indirect measure of athlete performance, was assessed with the hand dynamometer. Chi-square and t-test analysis were used for the bivariate analysis. Pearson correlation and simple linear regression were used to determine relationships and predict athletic performance. The level of statistical significance was p<0.05 Results: More than half (58.2%) had good nutrition knowledge (NK), and 62.7% had good nutrition practices (NP). Majority (75.4%) had normal handgrip strength (HGS). More than 70.0% frequently do not consume cereals, roots and tubers, fruits and vegetables, legumes /nuts. About 30.0-40.0% frequently do not consume eggs/milk, meat/fish. Having good NK was significantly associated with good NP (χ2 = 15.520, p=0.000), but not with athlete's performance (HGS). There is no significant correlation between NK, NP, and HGS. There is a significant positive correlation between HGS and lean muscle mass (LMM) (r=.670, p=0.000), weight (r=.492, p=0.000), height (r=.521, p=0.000) and energy intake (r=.386, p=0.000). There is a significant negative correlation between HGS and percentage body fat (r=-.400, p=0.000). Athletes’ performance was significantly predicted by the resting metabolic rate (β= .454 C.I=0.011 to 0.045, p=0.003), Lean muscle mass (β =.297 C.I=.059 to 0.562, p=0.024) and the weight (β =.228, C.I=1.852 to .489, p=0.047). Conclusion: Having good nutrition knowledge or practice did not directly determine athletic performance. However, there is the need for nutrition education interventions, to improve athlete’s performance by promoting adequate energy intake, lean muscle mass and appropriate weight gain in athletes.Item "Dietary diversity, environment and health‑related factors of under‑five children: evidence from cassava commercialization households in rural South‑West Nigeria"(Springer Nature, 2022) Otekunrin, O. A.; Otekunrin, O. A.; Ayinde, I. A.; Sanusi, R. A.; Onabanjo, O. O.; Ariyo, O.Diverse and quality diets are crucial to sustainable growth and development of under-five children, especially those of rural farming households. This study investigated the dietary diversity, environment, and health-related factors of young children. The study employed the use of cross-sectional survey data from 140 under-five children of cassava farming households in Ogun and Oyo states, South-West Nigeria. The study estimated factors influencing dietary diversity of under-five children and assessed children dietary diversity, and the availability of some environment and health-related factors of the farming households. The findings indicated that 98.7% and 97.5% of children consumed grains, with roots and tubers while 36.7% and 36.3% consumed legumes in Ogun and Oyo states respectively. The results also found that 48.6% of children sampled met the minimum cut-off point of 4 food groups with dietary diversity mean score of 3.28. The logit regression analysis indicated that child’s age, mothers’ age, distance to farm, and food expenditure were among the significant determinants of children dietary diversity. Therefore, this study seeks the collaborative efforts of stakeholders in providing nutrition-sensitive intervention programs for household members, especially mothers and young children in order to promote consumption of diversified diets and enhance healthy living of rural farming households.Item Food sources of key nutrients, meal and dietary patterns among children aged 4–13 years in Ibadan, Nigeria: findings from the 2019 Kids nutrition and health study(MDPI AG (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute), 2022) Sanusi, R. A.; Wang, D.; Ariyo, O.; Eyinla, T. E.; Tassy, M.; Eldridge, A. L.; Ogundero, A.; Leshi, O.; Lenighan, Y. M.; Ejoh, S. I.; Aleru, E.This study examined the contribution of food to nutrient intake, meal and dietary patterns among children aged 4–8 and 9–13 years in the city of Ibadan, Nigeria. Multi-pass 24-hour dietary recalls were used to assess intakes. Prudent and traditional Southwestern Nigerian dietary patterns were identified among children. The top foods and beverages were defined by frequency and amount consumed. Meal patterns were described by the eating occasions, while cluster analysis probed dietary patterns. About 88% of children had at least three meals including breakfast (95%), lunch (85%), dinner (92%) and midmorning meals (48%), while about 60% ate snacks at least once daily. Sources of energy and key nutrients were limited (yam, cassava, rice, maize, bread and beans/peas/legumes). The amount consumed per consumer of cassava products (192.2, 256.0 g), yam (169.7, 256.0 g), legumes (115.3, 150.7 g), corn/maize (160.4, 195.2), and rice (138.4, 182.3 g) were high, while beef (15.2, 17.9 g), eggs (50.6, 49.2 g), fish (27.5, 30.6 g), milk (24.2, 27.0 g) and nuts and seeds (18.2, 19.7 g) were low for children ages 4–8 and 9–13 years, respectively. In conclusion, while the frequency of meals suggests a healthy pattern, the top foods could not provide adequate nutrient (especially micronutrient) intake, which is key to the development of the target population.Item Nutrient intake in children 4–13 years old in Ibadan, Nigeria(MDPI AG (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute), 2021) Tassy, M.; Eldridge, A. L.; Sanusi, R. A.; Ariyo, O.; Ogundero, A.; Eyinla, T. E.; Wang, D.The paucity of adequate data on dietary and nutrient intakes of school-age children is a barrier to addressing malnutrition and associated risks in Nigeria. This study included 955 children aged 4–13 years from Ibadan, Nigeria, using a stratified random sampling design. Information on family socio-demographic characteristics was reported, and child anthropometrics were measured. Dietary intake data were collected using a multi-pass 24 h dietary recall method; 20% of subjects completed a second 24 h recall to estimate usual nutrient intakes. Means and distributions of usual intakes of energy and nutrients as well as prevalence of inadequacy were estimated. Usual energy intake (kcal/day) was 1345 and 1590 for younger (4–8 years) and older (9–13 years) age groups, respectively. The macronutrient intakes of most children did not conform to Adequate Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs), which were characterized by a higher proportion of energy from carbohydrates and lower proportion from total fats. Protein intake was largely within the AMDR. Compared to recommendations, over 60% of 4–8-year-old children had inadequate intakes of calcium, copper, iron, folate, and vitamins A, D, and E. There were more micronutrient inadequacies in the older children. This study identifies nutrition gaps and suggests future research and education to improve child nutrition in Nigeria.Item Achieving food security in Nigeria 2050(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2019) Sanusi, R. A.; Samuel, F. O.; Ariyo, O.; Eyinla, T. E.The Problems/Issues: The level of food insecurity as of now in Nigeria is higher. The consequences in term of morbidity, mortality, malnutrition rates and epidemiological statistics are summarily high. While food production is inadequate and food export bill is rising, population and therefore demand is and will continue to rise. Several agricultural and related policies exist; however if concerted effort is not put in place now and strategies designed and developed, food security in Nigeria by 2050 will be at a very low and problematic level, affecting not only health but economy and social order. The Plan of actions: Strategies to increase food production, food processing and preservation, strategic grain/food reserves, market and access, food price control, matching income with inflation rates, involving public-private partnerships, cottage industries enabling environment need to be adopted, adapted, and coordinated to ensure food security on a long term, sustainable basis. A food cabinet similar to a war cabinet under the Presidency is recommended for success. Conclusions: Planning is a first step in the right direction, however effective, efficient and measurable success depends on political will, adequate funding, prioritization, in-built strategies for sustainability, monitoring and evaluation. Security will guarantee not only food and nutrition security but also health and economic security.Item Gender differences in factors associated with overweight and obesity among civil servants in Lagos, Nigeria(Academic journals, 2015) Sanusi, R. A.; Abba, S. H. J.; Ariyo, O.Overweight and obesity constitute global public health problems with consequences on health and productivity of workers. This study was designed to describe the gender variation in the factors associated with overweight, obesity and hypertension among civil servants in Lagos, Nigeria. This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 280 civil servants recruited from seven local government areas in Lagos state using random sampling technique. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics and blood pressure. Weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were measured using standard procedure. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test at p = 0.05. Age was 44.8 ± 8.5 years, 68.2% were males and 80.4% were married. About 64% had tertiary education; higher in males (70.7%) than females (49.4%). The crude prevalence of overweight and obesity was 70.7%. Overweight was significantly higher in males (61.7%) than females (52.3%) while obesity was significantly higher in females (47.7%) than males (38.3%). Abdominal obesity was more common in males (31.6%) than females (23.1%). Body mass index was higher in females (28.05 ± 4.9) compared to males (27.83 ± 5.8); WC was higher in females (94.6 ± 10.0) than males (93.08 ± 12.6). Obesity was predominant among civil servants aged 51 to 60 years in both gender groups. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was higher in females (124.08 ± 19.8) than males (122.4 ± 22.8) whereas diastolic BP was higher in males (84.3 ± 13.1) than females (83.7 ± 12.1). The prevalence of hypertension was 42.9%; higher in females (44.6%) than males (42.1%). Among female civil servants, overweight and obesity were significantly associated with age, education while among males they were significantly associated with grade level. Overweight, obesity and hypertension are high among civil servants; prevalence and associated factors differ by gender. Gender-sensitive public health intervention is hereby recommended to influence health behavior of civil servants.