Human Nutrition and Dietetics
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Item Measures of nutritional status and quality of life in adult people living with HIV/AIDS at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.(Scientific Research Publishing, 2015) Folasire, O. F.; Folasire, A. M.; Sanusi, R. A.Background & Aims: The study investigated the relationship between objective and subjective nutritional status parameters and quality of life in HIV seropositive patients. Methods: Retrospective review of clinic records of 150 HIV seropositive patients at a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Nutritional status was evaluated objectively with anthropometry including body mass index (BMI), subjectively with malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) and subjective global assessment (SGA) tool. Data on quality of life (QOL) assessed with WHOQOL (Bref), and CD4 count were extracted. Correlation analysis and linear regression were done to investigate the relationship be- tween variables, level of significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Only BMI has weak positive correlation with the psychological domain (r = 0.231, p < 0.05). MUST and SGA have significant negative correlations with most of the quality of life domains. MUST correlated with the following domains: physical; (r = -0.207), psychological; (r = -0.193) and environmental; (r = -0.132). While SGA correlated with the physical domain; (r = -0.2470) and psychological domain; (r = -0.337), p < 0.05 respectively. The CD4 count correlated with percentage body fat (r = 0.224), MUST (r = -0.186) and SGA (r = -0.192), p < 0.05 respectively, but not with any of the QOL domains. Weight, MUST, SGA, percentage body fat were significant predictors of the percentage weight change in 6 months. Conclusions: BMI has significant positive association with psychological domain of QOL. MUST and SGA have significant negative association with certain domains. QOL did not predict short-term weight changes, as did the current weight, MUST, and SGA.Item Prevalence and predictors of prediabetes among administrative staff of a tertiary health centre in southwestern Nigeria(Association of Resident Doctors (ARD), University College Hospital (UCH), 2017) Martins, S.; Folasire, O. F.; Irabor, A. E.Introduction: Prediabetes is a condition in which individuals have blood glucose levels higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes mellitus. Inadequate moderate-intensity physical activity, amidst other risk factors, is a well-documented risk factor for prediabetes. Hospital administrative staff can be particularly vulnerable to prediabetes because of the greater number of hours spent in a sitting or sedentary position during administrative duties. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of prediabetes and to determine its predictors among administrative staff of a tertiary health centre in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among 300 administrative staff of the University College Hospital, Ibadan over a period of three months. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire that was adapted from the generic WHO-STEPs instrument approach to surveillance of chronic non-communicable diseases risk factors. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. Descriptive analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence of prediabetes while the independent predictors of prediabetes were investigated using multinomial logistic regression model. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 51.2 ± 5.3 years. There were 164 (54.7%) males and 136 (45.3%) females that participated in the study. The prevalence of prediabetes was 22.3%. Based on the final multivariable multinomial model, the independent predictors of prediabetes included; male sex (OR=1.24; 95% CI=1.082-2.460), positive family history of diabetes mellitus (OR=1.57; 95% CI=1.088-2.611), alcohol intake (OR=1.13; 95% CI=0.688- 1.543) and inadequate moderate-intensity physical activity (OR=1.49; 95% CI= 1.027-2.936). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of prediabetes among the administrative staff of University College Hospital, Ibadan. Regular screening of hospital employees for prediabetes is highly recommended. Work-place exercise should be advocated to improve moderate-intensity physical activity among hospital employees.Item Calcium knowledge and consumption pattern of calcium-rich foods among female University students in south-west Nigeria(Science and Education Publishing, 2017) Folasire, O. F.; Akinrinde, E. V.Calcium plays a vital role in the prevention of Osteoporosis; Peak bone mass is attained in the early years of life before 30 years. The study assessed the calcium knowledge and consumption pattern of calcium-rich foods by female University students. This cross-sectional study involved 400 randomly selected female undergraduate students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Information collected included; socio demography/economy, the source of calcium information and 20-calcium knowledge questions from literature. Consumption pattern of calcium-rich foods was assessed with a modified food frequency questionnaire. Our study showed mean age was 19.8 ± (2.2) years; calcium knowledge score was 10.1(±3.7). Half (51.5%) of the respondents had good knowledge about calcium, while 48.5% had poor knowledge. The majority (47.3%) of the respondents got information on calcium from academic sources, 14.0% from family/friends, about 7.0% from health personnel and 1.0% from the media. Only 18.4% frequently consumed milk/dairy products, about 20% frequently consumed calcium-rich fish and fish products, while 8.9% and 5.8% frequently consumed legumes/nuts and fruits/vegetables that are rich sources of calcium. Receiving calcium information from academic sources was associated with significantly higher calcium knowledge scores (X2 =9.535, p=0.002). Having lower calcium knowledge was significantly associated with infrequent consumption of spinach (X2 =5.227, p=0.022) and okra (X2 =6.337, p=0.012). The respondents that received calcium information from non-academic sources (family/friends, health personnel, media) were 0.6 times less likely to have good calcium knowledge, (OR=0.548, 95% C.I. =0.316 to 0.951, p=0.033). A high percentage of the respondents had poor calcium knowledge, infrequently consumed calcium-rich foods and were not knowledgeable about the role of calcium in the prevention of osteoporosis. Thus, there is a need to intensify calcium education interventions through the non-academic avenues, especially the media.Item Prevalence of malnutrition among cancer patients in a Nigerian institution(Lifescience Global, 2017) Ntekim, A.; Folasire, O. F.; Folasire, A. M.Abstract: Background: Cancer is a major health problem. Successful management includes adequate supportive care. Nutritional problems are common among cancer patients and these are not routinely addressed by oncologists during oncology care leading to suboptimal outcome even in developed countries. In Nigeria and other low and medium income countries, the situation is worse as nutritional screening and assessment of cancer patients are not routinely carried out. Objectives: To determine the proportion of cancer patients at risk of malnutrition and compare convergence of risk assessment using SGA and MUST tools. Methods: This was a prospective study carried out among cancer patients who presented for cancer care in the Department of Radiation Oncology, University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria. Nutritional assessment tools which included Malnutrition Universal Scoring Tool (MUST) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) were used to assess the nutritional status of the participants. Results: A total of 89 patients aged between 18 and 85 years participated in the study. The number of males were 13 (15%) while females were 76(85%). In our study 54 (60.8%) of our patients were at risk of malnutrition using the malnutrition universal scoring tool (MUST) scale while 53(60%) were malnourished using the subjective global assessment (SGA) scale. The reliability for the classifications using the MUST and SGA scales was positive (moderate) [Kappa = 0.584 (p <0.0005), 95% CI (0.410, 0.758)]. Conclusion: There is a high proportion of clinical malnutrition among cancer patients in the study population. According to this study, there was similarity between the classifications of nutritional risk, using the MUST and SGA tools.Item Evaluation of the sub-chronic toxicity profile of the corm of Xanthosoma sagittifolium on hematology and biochemistry of alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats(De Gruyter, 2017) Oridupa O. A.; Folasire, O. F.; Owolabi, A. J.Background: Hematological and biochemical changes associated with diabetes mellitus and probable reversal were assessed in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats fed with varied percentages of Xanthosoma sagittifolium corm feed (Xs). The changes were compared to normoglycemic rats and diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide. Methods: The study had eight groups in all with group 8 (control) consisting of five normoglycemic rats fed with normal rat pellets (Nrp). Diabetes was experimentally induced by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan to normoglycemic rats. Diabetic rats (serum glucose >200 mg/dL) at 48h postinjection were randomly divided into the seven groups, each diabetic group consisting of five rats. One group was untreated and fed with Nrp, four groups were fed with 25 %, 50 %, 75 % or 100 % Xs, one group was fed with 100 % Xs and administered with glibenclamide, while a 7th group was fed with Nrp and administered with glibenclamide. Results: This study shows that treatment of diabetes with corm of X. sagittifolium increases cellular response to inflammation which is required for body defense against assaulting agents. Decreased serum protein levels observed in untreated diabetic rats were restored in diabetic rats fed with X. sagittifolium corm with particular increase in serum albumin levels but depression of globulin fraction, except in rats fed with X. sagittifolium feed and administered with glibenclamide. X. sagittifolium showed a potent antihyperglycemic effect and corrected the dyslipidemia in a manner comparable to that observed for glibenclamide. Although HDL levels were still low, significant (p <0.05) decrease of LDL levels was a positive indicator of reduced risk for development of cardiovascular and/or coronary heart disease. Conclusions: X. sagittifolium corm can be recommended for inclusion in diets of diabetics without causing further deterioration of health of the diabetic patients.Item Effect of traditional treatment of diabetes mellitus with Xanthosoma sagittifolium on the male reproductive system of Alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats(Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017) Oridupa, O. A.; Folasire, O. F.; Owolabi, A. J.; Aina, O.Introduction: The management of diabetes mellitus (DM) targets glycemic control as well as prevention or reversal of other complications associated with the metabolic disorder. One of such complications is the infertility which has been traced to oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by DM. Subjects and methods: In this study, experimentally-induced diabetic male Wistar rats were fed with Xanthosoma sagittifolium (cocoyam) for 14 days and its effect on sperm morphology and characteristics, as well as histology of the testes were assessed. X. sagittifolium corm feed (Xs) were reconstituted with commercial rat feed to contain 25, 50, 75 or 100% X. sagittifolium on a weight/weight basis. Result: One primary and 7 secondary cell abnormalities were observed with overall increased total abnormal sperm cells in the diabetic rats. Sperm cell motility was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in all diabetic rats, but diabetic rats fed with Xs showed increased motility and liveability. Sperm volume was unchanged, but the depressed sperm count in the untreated diabetic rats was increased in Xs-fed rats. Histology of Xs-fed diabetic rats showed reduction in seminiferous tubule diameter and luminal diameter which was significantly enlarged in untreated diabetic rats. Conclusion: X. sagittifolium significantly (p < 0.05) prevented further deterioration of sperm cell quality and reversed cell apoptosis as presented by increased sperm motility, liveability and count. In the overall, the chances of fertilization by sperm cells from diabetic patients will be increased as well as achievement of good glycemic control and prevention of further damage by the disease condition.Item Anti-hyperglycemic effect of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifollium) corm in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats(Academic Journals, 2016) Folasire, O. F.; Oridupa, O. A.; Owolabi, A. J.; Adepoju, O. T.Diabetes mellitus constitutes a global public health concern and dietary approach is key to the control and prevention of lethal complications. This study investigated the hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects of Xanthosoma sagittifolium-incorporated diets in normoglycemic and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Seventy normoglycemic male Wistar strain albino rats (120 to 200 g) were divided into two groups of thirty-five each. Group 1 was randomly distributed into seven subgroups and each subgroup assigned to 100% rat pellets, X. sagittifolium-incorporated rat pellet (25, 50 and 75%), 100% X. sagittifolium, 100% X. sagittifolium + Glibenclamide (oral hypoglycaemic agent for treatment of diabetes) or 100% rat pellets + Glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced in Group 2 rats fasted for 12 h by intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan (100 mg/kg body weight). Initial fasting blood glucose levels (BGL) were recorded, and alloxan-treated rats with BGL >200 mg/dl 48 h post-induction were considered diabetic and divided into seven subgroups. Dietary treatment was carried out, and blood glucose level (BGL) monitored for 14 days. Data obtained were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test at p< 0.05. X. sagittifolium caused a significant reduction in the BGL of alloxan-induced diabetic rats (p0.05) but no hypoglycemic effect in normoglycemic rats. Rats fed 25% (BGL:165.2±16.9 mg/dl), 50% (BGL: 189.2±15.9 mg/dl) and 75% (BGL:152.0±23.0 mg/dl) X. sagittifolium showed better control of BGL by 24 h post-prandial compared with rats administered glibenclamide (BGL: 195.0±18.6 mg/dl) and 100% X. sagittifolium (BGL: 221.0±17.0 mg/dl). Rats fed 75% (BGL: 118.4±11.0 mg/dl) or 100% (BGL: 97.0±17.1 mg/dl) X. sagittifolium had better controlled BGL compared with rats fed pellets and pellets + glibenclamide (BGL: 154.2±19.8 mg/dl) on day 7. X. sagittifolium corm has an antihyperglycemic effect, and its consumption should be encouraged among diabetic patients as a good replacement for other high-calorie diets.Item Nutrition-related cancer prevention knowledge of undergraduate students of University of Ibadan, Nigeria.(Taylor & Francis, 2016) Folasire, O. F.; Folasire, A. M.; Chikezie, S.Objective: This study assessed the nutrition-related cancer prevention knowledge and dietary pattern of undergraduate students. Design: A cross-sectional study design was employed. Setting: The University of Ibadan campus, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Participants: A systematic random sampling of 367 undergraduate students was done. Method: A pretested self-administered questionnaire assessed the nutrition-related cancer prevention knowledge of the participants based on WCRF/AICR guidelines. A food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate the dietary pattern. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, body mass index and waist:hip ratio were measured and computed based on standard procedures. Results: Less than half (49%) had good nutrition-related knowledge of cancer prevention. About 30.0-40.0% frequently consumed legumes/nuts, vegetables and fruits respectively. About 75.0% frequently consumed processed cereals and grains (white rice, white bread and noodles). Above 20.0% were overweight, while 3.8% were obese. Less than 75.0% had low risk of abdominal obesity while 25.5% had high risk of abdominal obesity. Nutrition knowledge of cancer prevention was associated with the frequency of consumption of processed cereals and grains (= 13.724; p=0.000), legumes/nuts (17.268; p=0.000), meat (>= 22.972; p=0.000), fish = 23.017; p = 0.000), pastry snacks (= 36.159; p = 0.000) and sugary drinks (x2= 6.432; p= 0.011). There was no significant difference in knowledge of cancer prevention and the frequency of consumption of roots and tubers, milk, vegetables, and fruits. A higher risk of abdominal obesity was associated with infrequent consumption of legumes/ nuts (x2=7.001, p = 0.008) in the males, and with vegetables (y2= 6.771, p = 0.009) and fruits (x2= 4.205, p = 0.040) intakes in the females. Conclusion: Nutrition-related knowledge of cancer prevention was low, and the respondents also had a poor dietary pattern. The high risk of abdominal obesity may be a pointer to the larger young adult population, emphasising a need for targeted intervention.Item Nutrition evaluation in HIV seropositive patients using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool and Subjective Global Assessment in Ibadan, Nigeria(Nutrition Society of Nigeria, 2015) Folasire, O. F.; Adebayo, A. M.; Sanusi, R.A.Background: Early identification of nutritional risks in People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in low-income settings depends onan awareness of the available and reliable tools. Objectives: The study was designed to compare the nutritional status evaluation of PLWHA using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) tool, and to also determine the cut-off values of MUST and SGA that corresponds to underweight with BMI (<18.5kg/m3) as the gold standard. Methodology: The study reviewed records of HIV seropositive patients between May and October 2008 at the antiretroviral clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Clinical symptoms and anthropometric data of 120 PLWHA were extracted from the hospital records for nutritional evaluation by the BMI, MUST, and SGA tools. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in data analysis. Cut-off values for MUST and SGA tools in identifying underweight (BMI<18.5) were determined using Receiver Operation Curve (ROC) analysis. Level of significance was placed at p<0.05. Results: Prevalence of underweight was 5.8% (BMI), 75.8% were at high risk of malnutrition (MUST score ≥2) while 42.3% had suspected and severe malnutrition (SGA B&C) respectively. There is a significant difference between MUST and SGA risk of malnutrition X=17.331, p=0.000. ROC curve for MUST was more accurate in identifying underweight compared with SGA (AUC-0.900, CI=0.778 to 1.012, p=0.000 vs AUC-0.700, C.1-0.476 to 0.934, p=0.070). At a MUST score of 3.4 and SGA of 6.0, about 10% and 30% of the underweight respondents were not identified. Conclusion: With the use of MUST and SGA tools, more PLWHA were at risk of malnutrition. Thus, combined use of MUST and SGA gives a better assessment than BMI.Item Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Healthy Lifestyle among Undergraduate Students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.(Nigerian Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2015) Sanusi, R. A.; Ogundero, A.; Folasire, O. F.Unhealthy lifestyle such as inappropriate diet, lack of exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, caffeine overuse and improper sleeping habits seen among university students has been associated with the global burden of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed at describing the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthy lifestyle among undergraduates in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 407 undergraduate students selected from ten undergraduate halls using a simple random sampling technique. A pre-tested, self- administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demography, knowledge, attitude and practice of healthy lifestyle based on literature. The dietary practice was assessed with a Food Frequency Questionnaire Physical activity was assessed with the short-form of International physical activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) tool. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard procedures. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic at p=0.05. Age of the respondents was 21.8±3.24years and 58% were females. Almost all the respondents (97.8%) had a good knowledge of healthy lifestyle, 38.3% had negative attitude towards healthy lifestyle. About 40% skipped lunch while 7.1% consumed fruits and vegetables daily, as regards the activity level of the respondents, 69%, 12.5%, 10.3% had a moderate, high, and low physical activity levels respectively while 62.4% of the respondents sleep between four and seven hours/day. Majority (71.5%) of the respondents had normal weight while 15.2% were underweight. Even though, majority of the respondents had good knowledge of healthy lifestyle principles, the actual practice was still very low thus highlighting the need for enabling environment to promote adequate practice of healthy lifestyle.