Human Nutrition and Dietetics

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End date: 2019Subject: search.filters.subject.Elderly

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    Rural-urban differentials in lifestyle and food security of older persons in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (Food basket foundation, 2015) Ariyo, O. A.; Adepoju, O. T.; Fadupin, G. T.
    Healthy lifestyle and good nutrition are essential to promote active ageing. Knowledge of rural-urban differentials in lifestyle and food security is essential to design community-driven programmes. This study was aimed at assessing rural-urban differences in lifestyle and food security of older people in Ibadan, Nigeria. This comparative cross-sectional survey involved 346 respondents from two urban (168) and two rural (178) Local Government Areas of Ibadan. A three-stage sampling technique was used to select communities, households and respondents respectively. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic and lifestyle profile. Lifestyle index was assessed using a 7-point scale categorized as good (≥5) or poor (<5). Food security was assessed using a 27-point scale classified as food secure (≤1), food insecure without hunger (2-7) and food insecure with hunger (8-27). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression at p<0.05. Mean age of respondents was 68.9±4.7 and 69.7±4.4 years in urban and rural areas respectively. Prevalence of heavy alcohol intake (16.1%, 16.9%) and irregular physical activity (1.8%, 9.6%) were lower in urban than rural areas. Current smoking was three times higher (13.5%) in rural than urban areas (4.8%). Food insecurity with hunger was nine-times higher in rural (16.9%) than urban areas (1.8%) while food insecurity without hunger was 17.4% and 7.1% in rural and urban areas respectively. The key predictors of food insecurity were age, income, smoking and alcohol intake in urban areas; and gender, marital status, education and smoking in rural areas. Food security and healthy lifestyle characterized by moderate alcohol intake and low prevalence of smoking among older people in Ibadan are high. Food insecurity and poor lifestyle typified by poor physical activity and low fruits and vegetable intakes were higher in rural than urban areas. Interventions to improve physical activity and intakes of fruits and vegetables should be targeted at older people particularly those in rural areas.
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    Calcium nutriture of Nigerian elderly in Ibadan South east local government
    (Wilolud Journals, 2012) Ariyo, O.; Keshinro, O. O.; Akinyemi, A. O.
    Calcium is an important mineral in human health, adequate intake is associated with higher bone mineral density, reduced risks of osteoporosis, fractures and falls among the elderly. This study assessed the adequacy of calcium intake and relationship with incidences of bone aches and fractures. 150 elderly people from 100 households selected by cluster sampling technique in Ibadan South East Local Government constituted the study population. Dietary assessment was conducted using 24-hour dietary recall and analysed for calcium intake. Consumption pattern was assessed using food frequency questionnaire, blood pressure was taken using aneroid sphygmomanometer, lifestyles and sociodemographic characteritics were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire. The mean calcium intake was 1569.8±1209.8mg diaggregated as 1782.4±1353.4mg in males and 1432.0±1092.6mg in females. 39.3% disaggregrated as 44.1% in males and 36.3% in females, met the recommended intakes of 1500mg/day. Roots and tubers were the most consumed food, followed by vegetables and then cereals and grains. Milk and dairy as well as fish and meat products were the least consumed foods. 47.3% rarely consumed milk and dairy products and 42.7% rarely consumed fish and meat products throughout the week. 56.7% had normal diastolic blood pressure and 64.7% had normal systolic pressure. 65.3% reported havin pains and bone aches, sites of pain were back (44.7%), knee and ankle (9.3%), hip joint (6.7%), and wrist (4.7%). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the calcium intake by age, systolic blood pressure and incidence of bone pains and aches. However, income and the diastolic blood pressure showed significant relationship (p>0.05) with calcium intake. The results show that many elderly Nigerians have inadequate calcium intake, however, calcium intake does not affect incidence of pains and aches. There is a need to promote increased consumption of calcium rich foods.