Human Nutrition and Dietetics
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Item How knowledgeable are Nigerian female students of reproductive age about Iron and Folate(Springer Nature, 2024) Folasire, O. F.; Afolabi, V. I.Background: Iron and folate deficiency remains a global public health problem, especially among females of reproductive age. This study evaluated the nutrition knowledge of and consumption pattern of foods rich in iron-folate among final year female undergraduate students, as a formative assessment to plan nutrition intervention. Methods: A cross-sectional study, used simple random sampling to recruit 180 final-year undergraduate female students at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Level of knowledge was categorized into adequate and inadequate based on the mean knowledge score 11±6.0. A modified FFQ was used to measure dietary pattern, examined and classified as having a frequent (at least three times per week) or infrequent (less than three times per week) consumption pattern. Data analysis was with SPSS at p 0.05). Results: About 52.2% of the respondents got information on iron-rich food, while 38.9% of the respondents got information on folate-rich foods from health professionals/hospitals and internet. Mean knowledge score was 11±6.0. About 55.7% of respondents had inadequate knowledge of iron-folate, while 43.0%had adequate knowledge about iron-and folate-. Most (88.9%) of the respondents infrequently consumed green leafy vegetables, nuts and seeds (81.7%), legumes (88.9%) while, 57.8%, 55.0%, 50.6% frequently consumed meats, poultry and dairy products respectively. Largely, there was no significant relationship between the nutrition knowledge and the consumption of iron folate rich foods (p>0.05).However, inadequate knowledge of iron and folate-rich foods was significantly related with infrequent intakes of green leafy vegetables (X2=8.508, p=0.004). Conclusion: Knowledge of iron and folate among respondents was poor. Dietary consumption of iron-folate - rich foods was also generally poor except for poultry, meats and meat products. Hence, there is need for targeted nutrition intervention in this group of WRA.Item Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among pregnant women in selected public hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria(JournalGurus, 2024) Ocheja, S.; Adesina, O. A.; Folasire, O. F.; Okunlola, M. A.Background: Undernutrition is one of the greatest public health challenges affecting pregnant women in Africa with associated adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and identify the associated factors for undernutrition among pregnant women accessing antenatal care in selected public hospital facilities in Ibadan. Methodology: A cross-sectional facility-based study was conducted among 1,162 randomly selected pregnant women who attended antenatal clinic in selected public hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Left mid-upper arm circumference measurement was used to assess the nutritional status of the pregnant women by using an adult non-elastic mid upper arm circumference tape at the mid-point between the tip of the shoulder and the tip of the elbow. Individual minimum dietary diversity for women (MDDW) was determined using the Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance III project. STATA was used for analysis. Result: The overall prevalence of undernutrition was 20.0% and a low minimum dietary diversity score was observed in 25.2%. Undernutrition status varies across the level of health care; the primary health care (PHC) had the highest (30.8% and 26.8%), the secondary health care facility was (14.1%) and tertiary health care; (18.7% and 9.9 %). Mother’s age 25years and above, Marital status of being married and Parity of para 1-5 had lower odds of being undernourished. However, there was no significant association between MDDW and nutritional status of the respondents. Conclusion: This study revealed a relatively high prevalence of undernutrition. Health care providers across the three level of healthcare should make nutritional assessment and counselling an active part of the routine antenatal care.Item Overall and central obesity and prostate cancer risk in African men(Springer Nature / Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2022) Agalliu, I.; Lin, W. J.; Zhang, J. S.; Jacobson, J. S.; Rohan, T. E.; Adusei, B.; Snyper, N. Y. F.; Andrews, C.; Sidahmed, E.; Mensah, J. E.; Biritwum, R.; Adjei, A. A.; Okyne, V.; Ainuson-Quampah, J.; Fernandez, P.; Irusen, H.; Odiaka, E.; Folasire, O. F.; Ifeoluwa, M. G.Purpose African men are disproportionately afected by prostate cancer (PCa). Given the increasing prevalence of obesity in Africa, and its association with aggressive PCa in other populations, we examined the relationship of overall and central obesity with risks of total and aggressive PCa among African men. Methods Between 2016 and 2020, we recruited 2,200 PCa cases and 1,985 age-matched controls into a multi-center, hospital-based case–control study in Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria, and South Africa. Participants completed an epidemiologic questionnaire, and anthropometric factors were measured at clinic visit. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations of overall and central obesity with PCa risk, measured by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), respectively. Results Among controls 16.4% were obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2 ), 26% and 90% had WC>97 cm and WHR>0.9, respectively. Cases with aggressive PCa had lower BMI/obesity in comparison to both controls and cases with less aggressive PCa, suggesting weight loss related to cancer. Overall obesity (odds ratio: OR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.99–1.93), and central obesity (WC>97 cm: OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.10–2.33; and WHtR>0.59: OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.24–2.29) were positively associated with D’Amico intermediate-risk PCa, but not with risks of total or high-risk PCa. Associations were more pronounced in West versus South Africa, but these diferences were not statistically signifcant. Discussion The high prevalence of overall and central obesity in African men and their association with intermediate-risk PCa represent an emerging public health concern in Africa. Large cohort studies are needed to better clarify the role of obesity and PCa in various African populations.Item Knowledge, Attitude and Preference of Consumersfor cooking oils among Female University Administrative Staff in Souh-Western Nigeria using Health Belief Model(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2022) Folasire, O. F.; Arotiba, T.; Lesi, T.Background and Rationale: Individual’s health behaviour can be explained by theories and models anchored on their perceived susceptibility to a health problem, perceived severity, perceived benefits of actions, and cues to action. Aims and Objectives: This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes as well as preference consideration of women in choosing cooking oil using the health belief model. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 200 sampled consenting female administrative staff in the University in Nigeria. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demography, Knowledge of healthy oil, preference factors considered in choosing cooking oil. Attitude to healthy oil consumption was as well assessed through health belief model using Likert scale. Categorical variables of knowledge, attitude and preference scores were analysed using chi-squared test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the of the respondents was 38.6(±9) years. Less than half (45.6%) of the respondents had good knowledge of healthy oil, six out of ten had positive attitude towards the consumption of healthy oil consumption. Respondents’ preference for choice of cooking oils were based on perceived health benefits (45.1%), nutritional labelling (42.1%) and brand (37.9%). There is statistically significant association between respondents’ knowledge and age (p=0.021) as well as respondents’ knowledge and attitude (p= 0.000). Positive attitude was found to be a predictor of having good knowledge (OR=2.78, p=0.003). Conclusions: Proper knowledge on what makes cooking oil healthy is inadequate but positive attitude towards healthy oil was exhibited by female university administrative staff. The positive attitude should be leverage upon in intervening for improved knowledge and better informed choices in selecting cooking oils.Item Nutrition-related knowledge and attitude of practising Nigerian medical doctors to nutrition counselling during the covid-19 pandemic 2020.(Association of Resident Doctors (ARD), University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, 2021) Folasire, O. F.; Ilori, T. O.; Madaki, ABackground: Adequate nutrition is needed to enhance the immune system, especially at the time of COVID-19 pandemic for disease prevention and treatment. Objective: The study aimed to assess physicians’ knowledge to nutrition-related issues of COVID-19 infection and explore their attitudes to offering nutritional counselling to patients. Method: This was a cross-sectional online study conducted among doctors in private and public institutions across the six (6) geo-political zones in Nigeria using the social media online platforms of the Nigerian Medical Association (NMA) from August 17 to September 26, 2020. A categorisation of the knowledge score into sufficient and insufficient was done using the mean (sd) knowledge score. The attitude score was categorised into positive and negative using the median (IQR) attitude score, and bivariate analysis was used to test for associations. Results: Responses were gotten from a total of 176 doctors over six weeks of data collection. Majority 97(55.1%) were females, and 84 (47.7%) had practised between 11 and 20 years. Majority 95(54.0%) had insufficient knowledge, while 128(72.7%) of the respondents had a negative attitude to nutrition counselling of patients regarding COVID-19. Females had significantly better knowledge about nutrition related issues of COVID-19 (p=0.004). However, there was no significant difference in the respondents’ attitude based on professional cadre, gender, place of practice, and years of practice. Conclusion: Respondents were deficient in the knowledge of common food items containing relevant nutrients essential for boosting immunity. Hence, there is a need to encourage physicians training in nutrition and nutritional counselling.Item Family characteristics and childhood predictors of overweight and obesity in adults attending General Outpatients clinic, Ibadan.(Society of Family Physicians of Nigeria (SOFPON), 2020) Badru, O.; Ogunbode, A. M.; Oloowokere, O. O.; Folasire, O. F.; Ladipo, M. M. A.Background: The World Health Organization has reported that there is an increasing rate of overweight and obesity and this has reached an epidemic proportion. Parental influence during childhood and family routine characteristics are been proposed as contributing factors for overweight and obesity. Objective: The study therefore sought to determine the relationship between family characteristics, childhood predictors and overweight/obesity. Methodology: This was a case-control study amongst adult patients aged 18 -60 years. Cases were respondents with Body Mass 2 2 Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m ; they were age and sex matched with controls (BMI 18.5 < 25 kg/m ), in ratio 1:1 (N=342). Interviewer administered questionnaires were applied to consenting patients to gather information on socio-demography, parental influence during childhood, family routine characteristics. The pattern of family meals was assessed with the Family Ritual Questionnaire dinnertime scale. Data was analysed with SPSS version 22. McNemar Chi-square and logistic regression were used to draw inferences at p< 0.05. Respondents with history of obesity in childhood/adolescent and family history of obesity were 3.6 and 3 times respectively more likely to be overweight or obesity than if there was no such history. Conclusion: Childhood/adolescent obesity and family history of obesity are predictors of obesity. Involving the family as a unit in weight loss control may be beneficial for both the identified patient and his/her (immediate) family members who are at increased risk of becoming overweight and obese themselves.Item Efficacy of supervised workplace exercise over an unsupervised exercise-on-prescription in prediabetes: a randomized control trial among administrative staff of a Tertiary Health Centre, South-Western Nigeria.(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2019) Martins, S. O.; Folasire, O. F.; Irabor, A.E.Introduction: Offering supervised work-place exercise to employees with prediabetes in a closed work group may be an efficient lifestyle intervention strategy to reverse prediabetes among them. This study compared the efficacy of supervised workplace exercise over unsupervised prescription exercise in prediabetic hospital administrative staff of a tertiary health centre in South-western Nigeria. Method: A randomized control trial study design with a 3-month follow-up was employed. The study recruited 67 administrative staff of the University College Hospital, Ibadan with prediabetes following an initial screening exercise that involved 300 administrative staff. Participants were randomized into the intervention group (that received supervised work-place exercise; n= 33) and the control group (that received unsupervised exercise-on-prescription; n= 34). Anthropometry and blood glucose estimates were assessed at baseline and end of the study period. The change in these outcomes were compared between and within groups using the repeated measures analysis of covariance. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: At the end of this study, both groups had significant body weight and blood glucose reductions at 3-month follow-up as compared to the baseline period. However, the intervention group had significantly higher reductions in the mean body weight (×2.1± 0.4 kg vs -0.9 ± 0.2kg), fasting plasma glucose (×1.9 ± 0.3mmol/L vs ×1.1 ± 0.7mmol/L) and oral glucose tolerance test (×2.7 ± 0.9 mmol/L vs ×1.7 ± 0.4mmol/L) than the control group. Conclusion: The supervised work-place exercise had higher efficacy over unsupervised exercise-on prescription among hospital employees with prediabetes. The long-term impact of supervised work-place exercise on diabetes prevention and the sustainability of work-place exercise programs warrant further investigation.Item Knowledge of healthy oil, consumption pattern and preference for cooking oil among university students, Ibadan, Nigeria.(Nutrition Society of Nigeria, 2018) Folasire, O. F.; Okafor, V.; Ekakite, F.Background: A common nutrition information on cooking oil containers in some west African countries is the no cholesterol. However, little is known about consumers’ knowledge of healthy oil and considerations made in the choice of cooking oil. Objective: The study assessed the knowledge of healthy oil, consumption pattern and preference for cooking oil amongst university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done, involving 430 undergraduate students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Information on socio-demography, knowledge about healthy oil, considerations and type of cooking oil consumed was collected with a self-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed with SPSS version 17, descriptive and inferential statistics were employed at p < 0.05 level of significance. Results: Only 20.7% had good knowledge of what constitutes healthy oil, while 79.3% had poor knowledge. Cooking oils most frequently consumed by respondents had saturated fat 45g-50g/100g. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and mono-unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) were within the ranges of 8g-29g/100g, and 3g-42g/100g, respectively. Price (88%) and perceived quality (88%) were the most reported considerations. Age and monthly allowance above N20,000 were significantly associated with good knowledge (X2 =13.991, p = 0.001), (X 2= 14.935, p = 0.000), respectively. There was significant difference in knowledge scores of respondents who reported that income determined their preference for cooking oil. Also, these respondents had higher odds of not having good knowledge of healthy oil. Conclusion: More than half of the respondents had poor knowledge of healthy cooking oil. Consumer education is needed to improve knowledge and reduce risks associated with its consumption.Item Perceived body size and weight control practices of adolescents in rural and urban communities in southwestern Nigeria(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2018) Oyewole, O. B.; Folasire, O. F.; Ayede I. A.; Adedokun, B. O.; Dairo, D. M.Introduction and Objectives: Body size perception has been described as the image of our own shape created in our imagination. Body image perception determines the adolescent engagement in weight control activities, such as bulimia and anorexia. A misperception of body size may lead the adolescent into engagement in weight control activities that may be injurious to adolescent’s health. This study assessed the perceived body size and weight control practices among adolescents in different settings. Methodology: A cross-sectional, multistage cluster sampling method was used to recruit 913 adolescents in Ibadan North Local Government, Ibadan, Nigeria who were interviewed using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were taken; perceived body size were determine by Stunkard Figure Rating Scale Silhouette. Analysis was done using the Chi-square statistic and p<0.05 level of significance. Results: Over four-fifths (87.4%) of the adolescents wrongly perceived their actual body size. Body size overestimation was reported by both females and males. About 11.3% respondents recorded making an effort to reduce weight whereas, 12.7% recorded they were also involved in gaining weight. Over twice as large urban respondents (14.7%) engaged in weight reduction habits contrast to rural (6.8%). Majority of females with normal weight perceived themselves overweight (2=50.06, p=0.000). More males were involved in weight gain practise (2=6.94, p=0.031). Conclusion: The increased frequency of body weight misperceived within rural/urban adolescents and the reported influence and motivation of weight control behaviours, makes adolescent education on assessment of their weight and BMI imperative in adolescent health care services.Item Measures of nutritional status and quality of life in adult people living with HIV/AIDS at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.(Scientific Research Publishing, 2015) Folasire, O. F.; Folasire, A. M.; Sanusi, R. A.Background & Aims: The study investigated the relationship between objective and subjective nutritional status parameters and quality of life in HIV seropositive patients. Methods: Retrospective review of clinic records of 150 HIV seropositive patients at a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Nutritional status was evaluated objectively with anthropometry including body mass index (BMI), subjectively with malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) and subjective global assessment (SGA) tool. Data on quality of life (QOL) assessed with WHOQOL (Bref), and CD4 count were extracted. Correlation analysis and linear regression were done to investigate the relationship be- tween variables, level of significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Only BMI has weak positive correlation with the psychological domain (r = 0.231, p < 0.05). MUST and SGA have significant negative correlations with most of the quality of life domains. MUST correlated with the following domains: physical; (r = -0.207), psychological; (r = -0.193) and environmental; (r = -0.132). While SGA correlated with the physical domain; (r = -0.2470) and psychological domain; (r = -0.337), p < 0.05 respectively. The CD4 count correlated with percentage body fat (r = 0.224), MUST (r = -0.186) and SGA (r = -0.192), p < 0.05 respectively, but not with any of the QOL domains. Weight, MUST, SGA, percentage body fat were significant predictors of the percentage weight change in 6 months. Conclusions: BMI has significant positive association with psychological domain of QOL. MUST and SGA have significant negative association with certain domains. QOL did not predict short-term weight changes, as did the current weight, MUST, and SGA.