Veterinary Physiology Biochemistry & Pharmacology

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Author: search.filters.author.Akinrinde, A. S.Subject: search.filters.subject.Ocimum gratissimum

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    Cobalt chloride-induced hepatic and intestinal damage in rats: protection by ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions of Ocimum gratissimum
    (Informatics Publishing Limited, 2016) Akinrinde, A. S.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Nwozuzu, V. C.
    Cobalt chloride is known to produce symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal disturbances. We investigated the potential roles of the ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions of Ocimum gratissimum (OG), traditionally used to treat diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders in protection against cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced liver and intestinal damage. Wistar albino rats were given CoCl2 (350 ppm) in drinking water for 7 days, alone or concurrently with either fractions of OG at 100 and 200mg/kg each. Gallic acid (120 mg/kg) was administered to a group of rats as a standard flavonoid. Biochemical indices of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activities, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin 1β; IL-1β and Tumor necrosis factor, TNF-α) were evaluated and the histological appearance of the liver and intestinal mucosa was investigated. CoCl2 produced significant elevations (p<0.05) in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1β, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This was accompanied with significant reductions (p<0.05) in reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Liver sections of rats exposed to CoCl2 had poor architecture and areas of necrosis with several dead hepatocytes, while some appeared with hyperchromic nuclei. Intestinal mucosa showed significant loss of absorptive epithelial cells with CoCl2 exposure. Treatment with the fractions from OG produced reduction in H2O2, MDA and IL-1β levels; reduced serum activities of ALT, AST and ALP; restoration of GSH levels and improved activities of GPX and GST. The fractions significantly preserved the hepatic and intestinal architecture.Our results indicate that the fractions of OG exhibited considerable hepatic and intestinal protection by reduction in levels of oxidants and pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities and preservation of tissue integrity and might thus be very useful agents in protecting the liver and intestines during concurrent exposure to Cobalt chloride.
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    Alterations in blood pressure, antioxidant status and caspase 8expression in cobalt chloride-induced cardio-renal dysfunction arereversed by Ocimum gratissimum and gallic acid in Wistar rats
    (Elsevier B.V., 2016) Akinrinde, A. S.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Asenuga, E. R.; Ajibade, T. O.
    The protective abilities of the chloroform extract of Ocimum gratissimum (COG) and gallic acid againstcobalt chloride (CoCl2) − induced cardiac and renal toxicity were evaluated. Rats were exposed to CoCl2(350 ppm) for 7 days, either alone, or in combination with COG (100 and 200 mg/kg) or gallic acid(120 mg/kg). CoCl2given alone, caused significant increases (p < 0.05) in oxidative stress parameters(hydrogen peroxide, H2O2and malondialdehyde, MDA) and increased expression of the apoptotic initia-tor caspase 8 in the heart and kidneys. There was significant reduction (p < 0.05) in reduced glutathione(GSH) in cardiac and renal tissues; reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the kidneys andadaptive increases in Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT). CoCl2also produced signifi-cant reduction (p < 0.05) in systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial (MAP) blood pressures. OralCOG and gallic acid treatment significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of H2O2and MDA; with reducedexpression of caspase 8 and restoration of GSH levels, GPx, SOD and CAT activities, howbeit, to varyingdegrees in the heart and kidneys. COG (200 mg/kg) was most effective in restoring the blood pressures inthe rats to near control levels. CoCl2-induced histopathological lesions including myocardial infarctionand inflammation and renal tubular necrosis and inflammation were effectively ameliorated by the treat-ments administered. This study provides evidence for the protective roles of O. gratissimum and gallicacid by modulation of CoCl2-induced alterations in blood pressure, antioxidant status and pro-apoptoticcaspase 8 in Wistar rats.
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    Effect of oral administration of Methanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum on intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion injury in rats
    (Sciencedomain International, 2013) Akinrinmade, J. F.; Akinrinde, A. S.
    Aim: The effect of the methanolic extract of Ocimum gratisimum (OG) leaves on the tissue damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in the rat intestine was investigated. Study Design: Randomized controlled experiment. Place and Duration of Study: Experimental Animal Unit and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria from March to May, 2013. Methodology: 18 rats were divided randomly into 3 groups of 6 rats each. Group I served as control; Group II had IR injury by laparotomy with clamping of the Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 30 minutes followed by removal of the clamp for 45 minutes; Group III was pre-treated orally for 7days with methanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum (MEOG) followed by IR injury. Sections of the duodenum and ileum were cut for histopathological examination. The remaining tissues were processed for the determination of biochemical markers of oxidative stress including Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione concentrations. Results: Mean values of MDA and H2O2 levels were significantly elevated (P=0.004 and P=0.03, respectively) in intestinal tissues following IR compared to control while reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were not significantly altered. OG (500mg/kg) caused significant reduction (P=0.02 and P=0.04) in MDA concentrations and H2O2 generation, respectively compared with the IR group. Histopathological examination revealed erosions and stunting of the villi tips in the duodenum and ileum, with severe mononuclear infiltration at the mucosal surface in the IR group. No visible lesions were observed in the intestine of the control group, with no significant alterations in the intestinal epithelium of the OGtreated rats. Conclusion: The results suggest that OG may provide some protection against intestinal mucosal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion, through its anti-oxidative effects.