Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/582
Browse
6 results
Search Results
Item Review of Participatory Epizootiology research of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia at the department of veterinary public health and preventive medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (2007- 2015)(2018-06) Babalobi, O. O.; Alhaji, N. B.This is a review of research application of Participatory Epizootiology to investigate Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia among pastoralists in Oyo State and Niger State, Nigeria, between 2007 and 2015, at the Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan where the first author, a Veterinary Epidemiologist Lecturer/Researcher teaches Participatory Epizootiology Research as part of PVM 711: Advanced Epizootiology, a compulsory Course in the three Master degrees curriculum of the Department since 2004. He subsequently designed a PhD research project on the application of Participatory Epizootiology to the Igangan Grazing Reserve and got a University Senate Research SRG/FVM/2006/9A to that effect. In 2007, the Principal Veterinary Officer of the Faculty Eruwa Veterinary Field Station in Ibarapa East Local Government Area, Oyo State, south-western Nigeria, reported to the first author (then Chairman, Eruwa Veterinary Field Station), a suspected case of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia incidence at the Igangan Grazing Reserve. The diseased lung samples of dead infected cattle he brought were confirmed by gross and histopathological examinations at the Faculty’s Department of Veterinary Pathology. From 2011 to 2015, the second author adopted the PE PhD-design (with other conventional veterinary research approach) to investigate Contagious Bovine Pleuro-pneumonia prevalence in Niger State, North-central Nigeria, first for his Masters (2011), followed with a PhD (2015). Result indicated that Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in enzootic in Oyo and Niger State, Nigeria with a 77.67% of CBPP outbreaks in Niger State, Nigeria occurring in the dry season, and a prevalence of 8.73%. Participatory Epizootiology is a cheap, low capital involvement of traditional settler beneficiaries in identification of enzootic animal problems and their Community Based Animal Health training need. Participatory Epizootiology should be adopted in combination with conventional veterinary methods for effective Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia surveillance and control techniques in Africa.Item Economic impacts assessment of pleuropneumonia burden and control in pastoral cattle herds of North-central Nigeria(2017-06) Alhaji, N. B.; Babalobi, O. O.Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a trans-boundary infectious and contagious respiratory disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. It is a disease of high economic importance because of its ability to compromise food security. Information on its economic burden in pastoral cattle herds of Niger State, North-central Nigeria is not readily available. This study was aimed at investigating the economic impacts of CBPP to pastoralists in Niger State, North-central Nigeria, by determining its burden, returns to investments in its control, and cost-effectiveness of the control interventions ex-post evaluation, to provide baseline estimates that will assist animal health authorities and international donors in making investment decisions on its control in Nigeria. A questionnaire-based cross sectional study was conducted in 125 pastoral cattle herds. Economic analyses were conducted using total economic cost, benefit-cost analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis models. The values of mortality and morbidity losses to the herders were 219,038.5 USD and 35,598.8 USD, respectively. The total economic cost of CBPP to pastoralists was estimated to be 294,800.3 USD. Return on investment in CBPP control by vaccination and treatment was positive, with a benefit-cost ratio of 6.4. The Average cost-effectiveness ratio value for treatment intervention was 13.7 USD per life cattle saved and for vaccination option was 0.6 USD per death/cull averted. The estimated economic costs due to CBPP have shown that the disease was of high economic importance and must be controlled.Item Survey of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in trade cattle slaughtered at abattoirs in North-central Nigeria(2017-01) Alhaji, N. B.; Babalobi, O. O.; Yatswako, S.Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is one of the most important infectious and contagious disease of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa and whose control is urgently needed. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate prevalence of CBPP and associated animal factors that predisposed to the disease in trade cattle slaughtered in Niger State, North-central Nigeria between January and May 2014. A total of 525 trade cattle were selected by systematic sampling approach from five purposively selected central abattoirs in the State. Serum samples were analyzed using c-ELISA and lung lesions determined at post-mortem inspections. The OpenEpi 2.3.1 software was used for statistical analyses. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to present the results. Associations between animal characteristics (predictor variables) and sero-positivity as well as presence of CBPP lung lesions (outcome variables) were tested using Chi-square tests and likelihood backward logistic regressions. A sero-prevalence of 31.8% (95% CI: 27.93, 35.89) in live cattle before slaughtered was observed. Also, 29.5% (95% CI: 25.74, 33.53) of the slaughtered trade cattle had CBPP lung lesions at post-mortem inspections. Cattle in age group 4–5 years were more likely (OR 2.00; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.39) to be significantly exposed to Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides (Mmm) infection. Cows were more likely to be significantly predisposed to Mmm infections. Furthermore, bunaji breeds were more likely (OR 2.26, 95% CI: 1.42, 3.59) to be significantly predisposed to Mmm infections. This study has shown the need to combine more reliable serological tests with post-mortem examinations to improve active surveillance of CBPP in trade cattle. These dual approaches to investigation of CBPP and identification of intrinsic factors predisposing to infection should be institutionalized as elements of epidemio-surveillance and control strategies of the disease in sub-Saharan Africa.Item Using sero-positivity to assess geospatial burden of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia on pastoral cattle herds of north-central Nigeria(2016) Alhaji, N. B.; Babalobi, O. O.; Saidu, S.Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an infectious disease of cattle endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. A cross-sectional sero-geospatial survey was conducted to assess the CBPP sero-geospatial burdens among estimate at-risk sero-positive cattle in nomadic and sedentary pastoral cattle production systems of north-central Nigeria, between January and August 2013. A total of 765 cattle in 125 nomadic herds and 375 cattle in 125 sedentary herds were sampled. Sera were analysed using c-ELISA. OpenEpi version 2.3 was used for statistical analyses. Geo-coordinates of herds were taken using Garmin GPS, while ArcGIS 9.3 was used to map geospatial data of sero-positive cattle and herds in the agro-geographical zones. In nomadic production, 16.2 % (95 % CI 13.7 to 19.0.) cattle were sero-positive in 47.2 % (95 % CI 38.2 to 56.3) herds. And the sedentary system had 9.6 % (95 % CI 6.9 to 12.0) sero-positive cattle in 27.2 % (95 % CI 19.6 to 35.9) herds. Agro-geographical zone A was more likely (OR 3.42; 95 % CI 1.90, 6.15) to have significant impacts on cattle-level sero-geospatial burden than Agro-geographical zone B. Also, Agro-geographical zone C was more likely (OR 5.14; 95 % CI 2.91, 9.08) to have significant impacts oncattle-level sero-geospatial burden than Agro-geographical zone B. The developed GIS CBPP risk maps showed various densities of its burdens in the agro-zones. The visualized proportional circle maps presented GIS usefulness in the active surveillance of CBPP, and if used in conjunction with sero-diagnosis, the maps would aid policymakers with practical imageries for livestock disease control decisions in pastoral cattle herds.Item Sero-positivity and associated risk factors for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia under two cattle production systems in North Central Nigeria(Springer, 2015-11) Alhaji, N. B.; Babalobi, O. O.A cross-sectional survey of 765 cattle in 125 nomadic and 375 cattle in 125 sedentary herds was conducted to investigate prevalence and risk factors for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in the two production systems of Niger State in North Central Nigeria, between January and August 2013. Data on herd characteristics were collected using structured questionnaires administered on herd owners. Serological analysis was conducted using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) test. Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted with OpenEpi version 2.3.1 software. Statistical significance was held at P<0.05. CBPP sero-prevalence in nomadic cattle was 16.2 % (confidence interval (CI) 13.7–19.0) and 9.6 % (CI 6.9–12.9) in sedentary cattle. The overall cattle-level seroprevalence for two the cattle production systems was 14.0 % (CI 12.1–16.1). Age and agro-ecological zones were significantly (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) associated with sero-positivity to Mmm in nomadic production. Agroecological zone C had the highest sero-prevalence (25.3 %, CI 20.2–31.0). No significant cattle factors were detected in sedentary production. Factors significantly associated with CBPP occurrence at herd-level were contacts with other herds during grazing (P<0.001) and at watering points (P<0.001). Others were introduction of new cattle into herd (P<0.001), outbreaks of CBPP in an area (P<0.001), socio-cultural factors of cattle gifts and dowry payment (P<0.001), herd composition of keeping cattle and small ruminants together (P<0.001), and long trekking during migrations (P=0.0009). This study had shown the burden of CBPP in the two production systems. Sero-diagnosis and risk factor identification should be institutionalized as elements of epidemiosurveillance and control strategies for CBPP, especially in resource-poor pastoralists’ settlements in Nigeria.Item Participatory Epidemiology of ethno-veterinary practices Fulani pastoralists used to manage contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and other cattle ailments in Niger State, Nigeria(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015) Alhaji, N. B.; Babalobi, O. O.Ethnoveterinary practices are locally available and affordable to Fulani pastoralists in Niger State, Nigeria, to whom conventional veterinary services are often not readily available and are relatively expensive. This study was designed to identify and document medicinal plant and nonplant materials used by this group in the management of cattle diseases. Participatory rural appraisal tools of checklist, semistructured interview, probing, transect, and triangulations were used to assess Fulani pastoralists existing knowledge on traditional veterinary practices in nine pastoral communities spread across the state. Fifty medicinal materials and seven traditional preventive practices are in use against CBPP and other cattle disease conditions. Of these, 38 (76.0%) are medicinal plants and 12 (24.0%) are nonplant materials (edible earth materials and minerals). Family Fabaceae was most commonly mentioned while leaves were the most common parts used. Most of these materials are administered by drenching with few others mixed with feed. Proportions of plant parts used include leaves (47.4%), barks (31.6%), roots (10.6%), and 2.6% of each of rhizomes, fruits, seeds, and whole plants. Of recently used ingredients are kerosene and spent engine oil. Further research into the active ingredients of ethnoveterinary materials and dosages is necessary to guide their usage.