Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/582

Browse

Filters

2016 - 20172

Settings

Author: search.filters.author.Babalobi, O. O.Subject: search.filters.subject.c-ELISA

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Survey of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in trade cattle slaughtered at abattoirs in North-central Nigeria
    (2017-01) Alhaji, N. B.; Babalobi, O. O.; Yatswako, S.
    Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is one of the most important infectious and contagious disease of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa and whose control is urgently needed. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate prevalence of CBPP and associated animal factors that predisposed to the disease in trade cattle slaughtered in Niger State, North-central Nigeria between January and May 2014. A total of 525 trade cattle were selected by systematic sampling approach from five purposively selected central abattoirs in the State. Serum samples were analyzed using c-ELISA and lung lesions determined at post-mortem inspections. The OpenEpi 2.3.1 software was used for statistical analyses. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to present the results. Associations between animal characteristics (predictor variables) and sero-positivity as well as presence of CBPP lung lesions (outcome variables) were tested using Chi-square tests and likelihood backward logistic regressions. A sero-prevalence of 31.8% (95% CI: 27.93, 35.89) in live cattle before slaughtered was observed. Also, 29.5% (95% CI: 25.74, 33.53) of the slaughtered trade cattle had CBPP lung lesions at post-mortem inspections. Cattle in age group 4–5 years were more likely (OR 2.00; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.39) to be significantly exposed to Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides (Mmm) infection. Cows were more likely to be significantly predisposed to Mmm infections. Furthermore, bunaji breeds were more likely (OR 2.26, 95% CI: 1.42, 3.59) to be significantly predisposed to Mmm infections. This study has shown the need to combine more reliable serological tests with post-mortem examinations to improve active surveillance of CBPP in trade cattle. These dual approaches to investigation of CBPP and identification of intrinsic factors predisposing to infection should be institutionalized as elements of epidemio-surveillance and control strategies of the disease in sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Qualitative and quantitative impacts assessment of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Fulani pastoral herds of North-central Nigeria: the associated socio-cultural factors
    (Elsevier, 2016) Alhaji, N.B.; Babalobi, O. O.
    Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is one of the most important trans-boundary disease affecting Fulani cattle herds of Nigeria and whose control is urgently needed. A Participatory Epidemiology approach and cross-sectional study were concurrently conducted to investigate qualitative and quantitative impacts of CBPP, respectively and associated socio-cultural factors that influenced exposure of Fulani nomadic pastoral communities to its risk in Niger State, North-central Nigeria between January and December 2013.A total of nine pastoral communities were purposively selected for qualitative impact assessment using Participatory Rural Appraisal tools, while 765 cattle randomly sampled from 125 purposively selected nomadic herds were analyzed using c-ELISA. Data on socio-cultural characteristics were collected using structured questionnaires administered on nomadic herd owners of the 125 selected herds. Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance W statistics and Open Epi 2.3 were used for statistical analyses. Pastoralists’ dependent factors associated with their socio-cultural activities were tested using Chisquare tests and likelihood backward logistic regressions. The mean proportional piles (relative qualitative impact) of CBPP was 12.6%, and nomads agreement on this impact was strong (W = 0.6855) and statistically significant (P < 0.001). This was validated by 16.2% (95% CI: 13.7, 19.0) sero-positive (quantitative impact). Highest sero-prevalence of 25.3% was observed in Northern agro-ecological zone, while lowest of 6.2% was in Eastern zone. Pastoralists in the age groups 51–60 and 61–70 years were more likely (OR 13.07; 95% CI:3.21, 53.12 and OR 7.10; 95% CI: 1.77, 28.33, respectively) to have satisfactory information/awareness on CBPP and lowland transhumance pastoralists were more likely (OR 5.21; 95% CI: 2.01, 13.54) to have satisfactory information. Socio-cultural activities of extensive husbandry system was six times more likely (OR 5.79; 95% CI: 2.55, 13.13) to be satisfactory practice that influenced CBPP occurrence in herds, while culture of borrowing and loaning of cattle was twenty times more likely (OR 19.94; 95% CI: 6.36,62.48) to be satisfactory practice that influenced CBPP occurrence in herds. Also, sharing a water source that caused concentration of stocks in one point was fifty three times more likely (OR 53.08; 95% CI:14.91, 189.00) to be satisfactory practice that influenced occurrence of the disease in herds. This study highlighted the critical gap that exists in terms of significant influence of socio-cultural factors on CBPP occurrence in pastoral herds in Nigeria. Thus, CBPP surveillance, control and prevention programs that take these factors into consideration will be beneficial to the livestock industry in Nigeria, and indeed Africa.