Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine
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Item Serological survey of brucellosis in livestock animals and workers in Ibadan, Nigeria(2006-09) Cadmus, S. I. B.; Ijagbone, I. F.; Oputa, H. E.; Adesokan, H. K.; Stack, J. A.A serological survey of brucellosis in livestock animals and workers was conducted in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria between May and August 2004. A total of 1,210 cattle, 54 sheep, 496 goats, 200 pigs and 21 humans (i.e. butchers and herdsmen) were screened using the Rose Bengal test (RBT).From the results, prevalence in trade cattle was 5.82% while 0.86% was recorded in goats. None of the sheep and pigs was positive to the test. Out of the 11 samples taken from butchers, seven were positive and none of the ten herdsmen were sero-positive. This gives an infection rate of 63.3% in the butchers; and a combined infection rate of 31.82% in humans. This shows that brucellosis is still a major zoonosis in Nigeria; other public health implications are discussedItem It is over three decades of graduate education in epizootiology at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria (1975-2011): is there a need to revise the curriculum?(2012) Olugasa, B. O.; Ijagbone, I. F.; Esuruoso, G. O.Epizootiology is the study of variable factors, events, forces and circumstances that contribute to the occurrence, distribution, control and prevention of ill-health, diseases and other problems in animal groups. It is a key component of veterinary medicine education at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria since 1975. It started as a Graduate Certificate in Epizootiology (GCE) in 1976. Later it was revised into M.Sc. Epizootiology in 1986. At graduate level, epizootiology curriculum has supported the M.Sc. Epizootiology programme. It compliments training in Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine. This epizootiology curriculum has been operational at graduate level for more than three decades. Now in 2011, a consortium of English speaking West African Universities is committed to review the current curriculum at the University of Ibadan to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world with scope for internationalized practicum in disease investigation. Emphases are made towards skills development in molecular studies on disease causal agents and the mapping of associated geographic risk factors, including indigenous knowledge and practices. It is notable that most English-speaking West African countries including Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Gambia either lack a Veterinary School or just started some, but do not have graduate programme in Epizootiology. Thus, the curriculum at Ibadan is positioned to make impact in three key areas, namely, sub-regional ecosystem health studies, improving human-animal disease surveillance programmes, and in indigenization of bio-technology for monitoring and evaluation of trans-boundary animal disease control interventions for global health in West AfricaItem Epizootiology in contemporary global health: making a difference in the health of people in West Africa(FEMSON CLASSICAL, 2011) Olugasa, B. O.; Oluwayelu, D.O.; Ayinmode, A.B.; Emikpe, B.O.; Ijagbone, I. F.; Cadmus, S. I. B.Global health in contemporary times has thrown up challenges that demand innovative and pragmatic approaches and one of such is the concept of One Health. Towards this end, a holistic approach of tackling human and a n i d health problems is being explored in order to bring about poverty alleviation, health and food security particularly in developing countries. To achieve this, there is an increasing role and importance of epizootiology in planning and evaluation of projects for control and prevention of pandemic from animal diseases in West Africa. Since there is a critical shortage of available manpower in this area, filling this gap requires training of public and private personnel that are focused on diseases at human-animal health interface. Therefore, under the flagship of epizootiology, we propose an initiative that brings together teachers that have worked in this area and have similar and complementary skills and expertise that trainees would be able to assimilate. This program which has received support at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, will work along with a consortium of Universities to increase graduate training in the surveillance of human-animal diseases from 2012. It is anticipated that this platform will produce a critical mass of highly trained personnel within West Africa that will make a difference in tackling the ever challenging health needs of the people in the sub-regionItem Clinic and laboratory manual: veterinary public health-preventive medicine-wildlife and fish diseases(2008) Adeyemi, I. G.; Alonge, D. O.; Agbede, S. A.; Ogundipe, G. A. T.; Ishola, O. O; Babalobi, O. O.; Ijagbone, I. F.; Cadmus, S. I. B.; Adedeji, O. B.; Adeyemo, O. K.; Olugasa, B. O.; Adetunji, V. O.; Olatoye, I. O.; Awosanya, A. E. J.; Ojomo, B.; Agboola, B. B.Item Analysis and evaluation of mortality losses of the 2001 African swine fever outbreak, Ibadan, Nigeria(2007-08) Babalobi, O. O; Olugasa, B. O.; Oluwayelu, D.O.; Ijagbone, I. F.; Ayoade, G. O.; Agbede, S. A.The mortality losses of pigs of various age groups affected by the 2001 African swine fever outbreak in Ibadan Nigeria were analyzed and evaluated. Thirty one thousand nine hundred and sixteen (31,916) pigs on three hundred and six (306) farms reported by the Pig Farmers Association of Nigeria and the State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources were involved. Gross mortality was ninety one percent (91%), while age group mortality ranged from 75.9% (growers), 83.1% (weaners), 91.2% (finishers) and 99.8% (piglets); to 100.0% in gilts, sow and boars. Losses were estimated to worth nine hundred and forty one thousand, four hundred and ninety one dollars, sixty seven cents (US $941,491.67). Highest financial loss was from sows (29.5% of total loss), followed by gilts (16.6%), finishers (15.2%), weaners (10.7%), boars (10.6%), growers (10.6%) and piglets (8.2%). Average mortality loss per farm of $3076.77 was of great financial and socioeconomic consequences for a developing country like Nigeria with a low Gross Domestic Product figures. In conclusion, the need to immediately revisit and take recommended actions on the 1998 Report of the FAO Consultancy Mission to Nigeria on Control and Eradication of an Outbreak of African swine fever in Western Nigeria is stressedItem Pattern of spread of African swine fever in south-western Nigeria, 1997-2005(2007) Olugasa, B. O.; Ijagbone, I. F.Geographic coordinates of selected pig farms with confirmed African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo and Oyo States were used to create spatial models of pig farms and ASF outbreaks in southwestern Nigeria between 1997 and 2005. The probability of ASF virus-free pigs remaining in a non-infected state when located at various distances from ASF virus infected pigs was estimated. Movement of infected stock was the most important means of spreading the virus. The estimated mean duration of clinical signs prior to death was 3.4 ± 1.1 days (mean ± standard deviation); the mean convalescent period was 16.3 ± 2.3 days and the mean period of survival after full recovery was 1 084 ± 145.1 days. The continuous presence of recovered pigs in the population enables virus spread through trade and breeding. There is an urgent need for the implementation of an ASF eradication programme in Nigeria.Item An outbreak of animal trypanosomosis in a fulani herd at Idofian in Kwara State Nigeria(2005) Ijagbone, I. F.; Esuruoso, G. O.; Adeyemi, I. G; Olugasa, B. O.An epizootiological investigation was conducted to establish the cause of an outbreak of a disease which reportedly resulted in fifty cases of abortions and thirty deaths out of a population of 1,200-cattle within one month after its onset. The incident occurred in a Fulani.farm settlement located on the outskirt of Idofian via-Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Using parasitological methods, 9 out of the 34 animals sampled from the herd; were positive for trypanosoniosis, indicating 26.47% prevalence of the disease in the farm; Trypanosoma vivax was detected in seven of the samples while T. congolense was present in two. This finding coupled with other epizootiological parameters examined established trypanosoniosis outbreak in the herd which might have resulted in the reported cases of abortion and death among the cattle. The finding underscores how the disease can still be a major impediment to the growth of cattle enterprise in some parts of Nigeria.Item Introductory epizootiology(VetAcademic Resource Publishers and Consultants, 2005) Esuruoso, G. O.; Ijagbone, I. F.; Olugasa, B. O.