Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine
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Item Bovine fetal wastage in Southwestern Nigeria: a survey of some abattoirs.(2009) CADMUS, S.I.B.; ADESOKAN, H.KAs a result of inadequate veterinary services and indiscriminate slaughter of animals inmost Nigerian abattoirs, pregnant animals are often slaughtered resulting in wastage of scarce protein made available to the people. To this end, an evaluation of the volume of pregnant cows slaughtered at some abattoirs in Southwestern Nigeria between 2005 and 2007 based on meat inspection records was carried out with a view to determining the level of fetal wastage in this part of the country. A total of 321,448 cows were slaughtered, out of which, 16,092 (5.01%) were pregnant. The fetal wastages across the four seasons of the study period were statistically significant (P<0.05); the late dry season showing the highest percentage. There was a downward trend across the years, and this was considerably lower in 2007 than the other 2 years which were not statistically different from each other (XA2005=224.33; XA2006=216.38; XB2007=126.38). Our results indicated a considerable level of slaughtering of pregnant cows in the abattoirs studied. Hence, we advocate stepping up routine veterinary checks and interventions among trade animals in order to salvage the high level of fetal wastage in the region and the country at large.Item Causes and implications of bovine organs/offal condemnations in some abattoirs in Western Nigeria.(2009) CADMUS, S.I.B.; ADESOKAN, H.KFood animals though sources of protein and revenue to man, also serve as vehicles of disease transmission. This work reviews a three year record of slaughtered cattle in 12 abattoirs/slaughter slabs in western Nigeria to determine the economic and public health issues associated with their disease conditions. Out of 641,224 cattle slaughtered, 51,196 (7.98%) were attributable to 14 diseases/conditions including tuberculosis, pneumonia, fascioliasis, pimply gut, paramphistomosis, cysticercosis, dermatophilosis, tonsillitis, taeniasis, ascariosis, abscess, mange, mastitis and immature fetuses. Pneumonia (21.38%), fascioliasis (20.28%) and tuberculosis (7.95%) were major reasons for condemnations; least being ascariosis (0.01%). The lungs (45.66%) and liver (32.94%) accounted for most organ condemned while the heart (0.02%) was the least affected. The proportions of pneumonia, fascioliasis and immature fetuses observed were not statistically different (Mean = 3895.7; 3654.0; 3467.3); however, asignificant difference existed with other conditions (MeanA = 3895.7; 3654.0; 3467.3; MeanB = 1359.7; 1057.7; 510.3). Organs/offal condemnations constituted loss of revenue and animal protein as 124,333 kilo kilogrammes worth of meat valued in Naira at N41,613,043 ($332,904) was lost over the period giving an average of N13,871,014 ($110,968) annually. This, coupledwith fetal wastage represented an economic loss; with associated public health implications.Item Public Health Issues And Observations Made During Meat Inspection At Bodija Municipal Abbatoir, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria(2008) Cadmus, S.I.B; Adesokan,H.K; Adepoju,A.F; Awosanya,A.E.Jthe provision of wholesome meat for the public remains the pre-occupation of the veterinary public health practitioners through systematic examinations of food animals such as cattle,goats, sheep and pigs, before and after slaughter with a view to ascertaining whether they are infected by certain scheduled or zoonotic diseases (thorton,1968). therfore,the aim of meat inspection is to provide safe and wholesome meat for human consumption (herenda et al, 1994). several reports have been made on the prevalence rates of diseases of public health importance in Nigeria (babalola and Van Veen, 1976; Antia and Alonge, 1981;Nwosu,1987) and the abbatoirs in the country have continued to experience infrastructural decay and low quality staff leading to general breakdown in the thoroughness of meat inspection. cleaning and sanitation are always considered as important and integral part of the measures necessary to avaoid th transmission of zoonotic diseases (Alonge,2001). in most communities, meat has long occupied a special place in the diet, for a variety of reasons including taste preference, prestige,tradition and availability,with the nutritional aspects being included more recently 9Rogowski,1980). this study was therefore undertaken to assess the public health issues related to meat inspection and observed practices involved in meat processing at the Bodija Municipal Abbatoir. This is with a view to pointing out ways of improving the activities of the meat inspectors and processors in order to provide safe and whollesome meat for the public.Item Geographical Information System (GIS) Mapping of Spatio-Temporal pollution status of Rivers in Ibadan, Nigeria(Asian Network for Soioniifio Information, 2008) Adeyemo, O. K.; Babalobi, O. O.More accurate spatio-temporal predictions of urban environment arc needed as a basis for assessing exposures as a part of environmental studies and to inform urban protection policy and management. In this study, an information system was developed to manage die physico-chemical pollution information of Ibadan river system. Oyo Slate, Southwest Nigeria. The study took into account die seasonal influences of point and non-point discharges on die levels of physico-chemical parameters. The overall sensitivity of the watershed to physicochemical environmental pollution revealed dial during dry season, of the 22 (100%) sample points, only 3(13.6%) were unpolluted, 6 (27.3%) were slightly polluted, 10 (45.4%) were moderately polluted. 2 (91%) were seriously polluted and 1 (4.5%) was exceptionally polluted During rainy season, 3 (13.6%) were unpolluted. 7 (31.8%) were slightly polluted, 9 (40.9%) were moderately polluted, 2 (9.1%) were seriously polluted and 1 (4.5%) was exceptionally polluted There is a considerable environmental risk associated with the present level of pollution of the Ibadan river water body on fish health and biodiversity This research provides a basis for aquatic management and assist in policy making at national and international levels Appropriate strategies for the control of point and non-point pollution sources, amendments and enforcement of legislation should be developed.Item Isolation of influenza A viruses from pigs in Ibadan,Nigeria(2009) Adeola, O. A.; Adeniji, J. A.; Olugasa, B. O.The authors investigated influenza virus types in pigs in Ibadan, a city in Oyo State, southwestern Nigeria. From April to June 2008, nasal swabs were collected from pigs at three locations in Ibadan. Influenza A viruses (four A [H1N1], two A [H3N2] and one A [H1N1]‐ A [H3N2] double reactant) were isolated from 7 of the 50 apparently healthy Landrace pigs tested. This study is the first documented isolation of swine influenza viruses in Nigeria and it reveals that different strains of influenza viruses co‐circulate in pigs in Ibadan. These pigs serve as reservoirs of different subtypes of influenza viruses and potential ‘mixing vessels’ in which genetic reassortment and the generation of future human pandemic strains could occur. These findings support the need for adequate and periodic surveillance among swine populations and pig handlers in Nigeria to detect circulating strains of influenza viruses. This would serve as an effective early warning system.Item Pattern of spread of African swine fever in south-western Nigeria, 1997-2005(2007) Olugasa, B. O.; Ijagbone, I. F.Geographic coordinates of selected pig farms with confirmed African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo and Oyo States were used to create spatial models of pig farms and ASF outbreaks in southwestern Nigeria between 1997 and 2005. The probability of ASF virus-free pigs remaining in a non-infected state when located at various distances from ASF virus infected pigs was estimated. Movement of infected stock was the most important means of spreading the virus. The estimated mean duration of clinical signs prior to death was 3.4 ± 1.1 days (mean ± standard deviation); the mean convalescent period was 16.3 ± 2.3 days and the mean period of survival after full recovery was 1 084 ± 145.1 days. The continuous presence of recovered pigs in the population enables virus spread through trade and breeding. There is an urgent need for the implementation of an ASF eradication programme in Nigeria.