Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine

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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.public health

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    Informal and formal meat marketing in Ibadan, Nigeria: public health implications from microbial assessment
    (2021) Adesokan,H.K; Obimdike,O.C; Adetunji,V.O
    Introduction: informal food marketing is predominantly practiced in developing countries as it solves major social and economic challenges through the provision of employment and easily accessible food products at relatively inexpensive prices. However, such products often escape effective health and safety regulations which relatively characterize formal marketing, thus posing threats to public health. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional microbial assessment of randomly collected raw meats (n=224) sold at selected informal (n=112) and formal (n=112) meat markets in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria for Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. using standard protocols. Isolates were evaluated for antibiogram patterns by Kirby-Bauer Assay and data analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: overall, 75.5%, 65.2%, 61.6%, and 46.9% of the 224 samples were positive for S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp, and E. coli, respectively. Significantly higher prevalences were obtained from the informal markets for S. aureus (OR=9.43; 95%CI: 0.05-0.24), L. monocytogenes (OR=9.35; 95%CI: 0.06-0.21), Salmonella spp (OR=10.00; 95%CI: 0.05-0.19) and E. coli (OR=12.99; 95%CI: 0.04-0.15) than the formal markets. The pathogens exhibited total resistance against half ofthe 14 antibiotics studied, with the least resistance to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Conclusion: the significantly higher microbial contamination in meats from informal markets and associated high antibiotic resistance level portends serious public health implications of informal meat marketing. Since informal food marketing also characterizes other developing sub-Saharan African countries, synergy among local and international stakeholders to step up health and safety policies towards regulating activities at informal food markets is urgently required.
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    PREVALENCE, ANTIBIOGRAM AND BIOFILM PRODUCTION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES FROM FAECES AND FOETUSES of slaughtered pregnant cows: environmental AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS
    (2021) Adesokan, H. K; Kehinde, E. G.
    The indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant animals which characterizes most developing countries poses increasing environmental and public health risks from Listeria monocytogenes infections which are endemic in such settings. The available reports show increasing trends of Listeria monocytogenes infections in both humans and animals in Nigeria. This study examined the prevalence, antibiogram and biofilm production of L. monocytogenes from faeces and foetuses of slaughtered pregnant cows in Ibadan Central Abattoir, Nigeria. Faecal (n = 118) and foetal (n = 118) swabs were cultured and isolates tested for antibiotic susceptibility by Kirby-Bauer assay, while biofilm production was quantified following the standard procedures. The data were analysed using the Chi Square and Student’s t-test at P < 0.05. Listeria monocytogenes were isolated from five (4.2 %) and three (2.5 %) faeces and foetus swabs, respectively, without significant association with sample type (P = 0.50). The isolates were resistant to all the antibiotics tested except gentamicin; with significantly higher production of biofilm by those from foetal samples (P = 0.012). The detection of widespread antibiotic- resistant L. monocytogenes from faeces and fetuses has important environmental and public health implications, given the risk of contamination through faecal shedding and foetal handling. The biofilm production by the pathogen connotes its ability to persist in the environment, suggestive of the challenging effects to its control. Campaigns against indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant animals, and proper hygiene are advocated to ultimately safeguard human and animal health.
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    Mycobacterium bovis in a bull on a university farm: public health implications
    (2020) Tijani,M.O; Adesokan,H.K; Kasali,O.B; Cadmus,S.I
    An unsuspected bull in a private herd of forty cattle heads in south-western Nigeria died suddenly following three days´ treatment against tick infestation. Post-mortem findings revealed multifocal widespread nodules in all lobes of the lungs with markedly enlarged lymph nodes. Isolate from cultured sample was subjected to spoligotyping which confirmed the isolate as Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) belonging to the SB1027 clade with octal number 676773776277600 (Figure 1). This finding has implications on the health of the cattle handlers considering aerosol inhalation of disseminated bacilli from the lungs of the infected bull through cough sprays. Routine screening of cattle for tuberculosis is therefore emphasized.
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    Foodborne Pathogens On Meat Stored Central Cold Rooms In Ibadan And Their Susceptibility To Antimicrobial Agents
    (2020) ADESOKAN,H.K; FUNSO-ADU,K; OKUNLADE,O.A
    Foodborne pathogens are the leading cause of illness and death in developing countries and are often associated with poor hygiene and unsafe food storage conditions. Using central cold rooms with alternate power supply in preserving meats due to erratic power supply is common among meat traders in Nigeria. However, the public health safety of the operations of this practice remains un-investigated. We conducted a microbial assessment of aseptically collected meat swabs from three selected major cold rooms in Ibadan for Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli using standard procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using 14 different antibiotics at standard concentrations following Kirby- Bauer Assays. The data were analysed with Stata 12.0 using bivariate and logistic regression analyses. Of 180 meat swabs collected, 42.2 % were positive for S. aureus, 22.2 % for L. monocytogenes, 20.0 % for Salmonella spp. and 6.7 % for E. coli. All of the isolates exhibited total resistance to seven of the antibiotics. Escherichia coli showed the highest resistance to 12 antibiotics, followed by Salmonella spp. (11 antibiotics), L. monocytogenes (10 antibiotics) and S. aureus (7 antibiotics). Sampling locations were significantly associated with the prevalence of L. monocytogenes (P = 0.008) and S. aureus (P = 0.000), but not with Salmonella spp. (P = 0.435) orE. coli (P = 0.117). The study revealed a heavy microbial contamination with major foodborne pathogens characterized by a high level of antibiotic resistance. These findings portend that the current operations associated with the practice of using central cold rooms in meat preservation in Nigeria undermine public health safety and need to be urgently addressed.