Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine
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Item African swine fever control in Ibadan, Nigeria: problems, needs and veterinary extension opportunities(2008) Olugasa, B. O.African swine fever (ASF) is a widely discussed disease in Ibadan, Nigeria, where high mortality losses occurred in outbreaks in the city between 2001-2006. To study the level to which ASF containment technologies were adopted and factors associated with adoption behavior, a sample of 60 pig farmers was selected from six local government areas in and near Ibadan. Essential data were collected using a questionnaire. Assessment criteria in forms of frequency, percentage, mean and product moment correlation coefficient were calculated. Results showed that the majority of pig farmers did not adopt ASF biocontainment technologies, since 86.7% (52/60) were at a low level of adoption behavior, 10% (6/60) at a medium level, and 3.3% (2/60) at a high level. A farmer’s income from piggery, knowledge of biocontainment technologies, and frequency of extension contact had positive and highly significant relationships (r 0.787) on levels of adoption. Specific needs and emerging opportunities for farmer participatory learning were indicated. It was recommended that Pig Farmers Association should constitute Farmer Field Schools, where the State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MANR) would be involved in production of ASF virus-free pigs, and the current services by University-based officers to the early detection of pigs infected with the ASF virus will be optimizedItem Analysis and evaluation of mortality losses of the 2001 African swine fever outbreak, Ibadan, Nigeria(2007-08) Babalobi, O. O; Olugasa, B. O.; Oluwayelu, D.O.; Ijagbone, I. F.; Ayoade, G. O.; Agbede, S. A.The mortality losses of pigs of various age groups affected by the 2001 African swine fever outbreak in Ibadan Nigeria were analyzed and evaluated. Thirty one thousand nine hundred and sixteen (31,916) pigs on three hundred and six (306) farms reported by the Pig Farmers Association of Nigeria and the State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources were involved. Gross mortality was ninety one percent (91%), while age group mortality ranged from 75.9% (growers), 83.1% (weaners), 91.2% (finishers) and 99.8% (piglets); to 100.0% in gilts, sow and boars. Losses were estimated to worth nine hundred and forty one thousand, four hundred and ninety one dollars, sixty seven cents (US $941,491.67). Highest financial loss was from sows (29.5% of total loss), followed by gilts (16.6%), finishers (15.2%), weaners (10.7%), boars (10.6%), growers (10.6%) and piglets (8.2%). Average mortality loss per farm of $3076.77 was of great financial and socioeconomic consequences for a developing country like Nigeria with a low Gross Domestic Product figures. In conclusion, the need to immediately revisit and take recommended actions on the 1998 Report of the FAO Consultancy Mission to Nigeria on Control and Eradication of an Outbreak of African swine fever in Western Nigeria is stressedItem Pattern of spread of African swine fever in south-western Nigeria, 1997-2005(2007) Olugasa, B. O.; Ijagbone, I. F.Geographic coordinates of selected pig farms with confirmed African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo and Oyo States were used to create spatial models of pig farms and ASF outbreaks in southwestern Nigeria between 1997 and 2005. The probability of ASF virus-free pigs remaining in a non-infected state when located at various distances from ASF virus infected pigs was estimated. Movement of infected stock was the most important means of spreading the virus. The estimated mean duration of clinical signs prior to death was 3.4 ± 1.1 days (mean ± standard deviation); the mean convalescent period was 16.3 ± 2.3 days and the mean period of survival after full recovery was 1 084 ± 145.1 days. The continuous presence of recovered pigs in the population enables virus spread through trade and breeding. There is an urgent need for the implementation of an ASF eradication programme in Nigeria.Item Confirmatory diagnosis of African swine fever in southern Nigeria by immunoblotting assay(2005) Olugasa, B. O.; Oluwayelu, D.O.; Adewale, G.A.; Adewale, G.A.; Ayoade, G.O.; Ijagbone, I.F.; Babalobi, O.O.; Agbede, S.A.When a swine epizootic occurred in groups of pigs in south western Nigeria in 2001, a need for detailed investigation and confirmatory diagnosis arose at the University of Ibadan. A class of epizootiology students at the university was involved in the investigation. Comprehensive information about the nature and causation of the disease was provided. Four diagnostic techniques were used for confirmatory diagnosis, including Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (I-ELISA), immunoblotting, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and virus isolation. Only immunoblotting assay was used at the University of Ibadan, while samples were sent to the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) in Vom, Nigeria for I-ELISA and to two reference laboratories for African swine fever in South Africa and Madrid, Spain for PCR and virus isolation respectively. The results obtained from these laboratories using the other three diagnostic techniques were compared with that of the immunoblotting assay. Immunoblotting assay confirmed all samples that tested positive on PCR and virus isolation. It was also relatively easier to use, highly sensitive and specific for confirmatory diagnosis. It was however costlier in application for large sample size testing compared to I-ELISA.