FACULTY OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
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Item Liberalization of trade in health services and the implication for Africa’s health system(Centre for Sustainable Development, University of Ibadan, 2014) Olaniyan, O.; Bankole, A. S.; Oyeranti, O. A.; Afaha, J. S.This paper explores the relationship between trade in health services, its liberalization, and Africa's health system with particular focus on Africa. Using a sample of African countries, a regression model link, health outcomes to health inputs and health policy variables were estimated to cover two separate periods- the pre- General Agreement in Trade in Services (GATS) (1990-1994) period and GATS period (1995-2006). The coefficients of the regression are then compared to determine the impact of GATS. Increasing the public health expenditure through additional budgetary provisions in African countries improves health only at the margin. The lack of agreement in the form of GATS limited the intensity of trade in health services. The non-significance of the trade in health services proxy variables during GATS period shows that health trade services impacts on Africa's health sector should be limited to commercial presence (Mode 3) and movement of health professionals (Mode 4) which are the channels through which health services trade is conducted in many African countries. Health services trade data are limited, hence proxy measure of health services were utilised in the paper and this might blur the expected impacts. The implication of the paper is for African countries to adequately participate in GATS as it involves trade in health services.Item Exports trade, employment and poverty reduction in Nigeria(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2012) Babatunde, M. A.; Oyeranti, O. A.; Bankole, A. S.; Ogunkola, E. O.Purpose – Poverty reduction remains one of the main goals of development efforts, as evidenced by the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals by most developing countries and international agencies. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between trade (exports) and employment and how the relationship reduces poverty through the instrumentality of employment, with a focus on Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of descriptive analysis. Findings – Evaluating the case for Nigeria, the authors find that oil exports which drives economic growth do not provide the needed employment to reduce poverty, while agricultural trade, particularly exports, are capable of reducing poverty and inequality in Nigeria through the channel of employment and agricultural productivity growth. Originality/value – The paper makes a link between export trade, employment and poverty reduction in Nigeria.Item Demand for international reserves: a case for reserves accumulation in Nigeria(Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Research Department, 2011-09) Bankole, A. S.; Olaniyan, O.; Oyeranti, O.; Shuaibu, M. I.This paper examined the determinants of international reserves holding in Nigeria, where a huge amount of foreign reserves is necessary to ensure good macroeconomic policy and international credit worthiness. Adopting a dynamic modeling approach combined with the Mizon-Richard encompassing test, both precautionary and mercantilist motives explain holding of foreign reserves in Nigeria. Specifically, the current account variability and past levels of external reserves drive reserve holding in the short run. In the long run, the former and the money supply are significant determinants. Therefore, enhancement of exports through support for quality and competitiveness of non-oil exports are key to reserves management.Item Production, trade and livelihoods of cotton producers in Nigeria(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2011-06) Bankole, A. S.; Olaniyan, O.; Oyeranti, O.; Abdulrahaman, M.The sustainable livelihood framework is applied to the context of cotton production and trade in Nigeria’s cotton belt with focus on small cotton farmers vulnerability to natural and environmental disasters; the effects of which policies and programmes were formulated to mitigate. The study aims at the application of multidisciplinary knowledge to the study of households and their livelihoods. In addition, the study helps to augment the pool of livelihoods research in Nigeria. With the aid of interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs), primary data were obtained from purposively selected communities in five northern states of Nigeria; namely Kano, Katsina, Kaduna, Zamfara and Jigawa in addition to secondary data on Nigeria’s cotton sector. The key finding of the study suggests that farmers are vulnerable to natural and environmental disasters as well as policy shocks to which some programmes and projects are targeted. The study also finds that institutional interventions to reduce vulnerabilities have been less successful in dealing with the restoration of small cotton farmers’ economic and social capital assets. Consequent upon the findings of the study, the adoption of sustainable livelihoods is germane for addressing cotton farmers ’ vulnerabilities in order to guarantee the success of poverty reduction strategies meant to help combat poverty for cotton producers.Item Determinants of child nutrition in Nigeria(College of Development Studies Covenant University, Canaanland Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, 2010-04) Olaniyan, O.; Bankole, A. S.; Oyeranti, O. A.; Faseyi, S. A.The importance of nutrition for an individual's well-being cannot be over emphasised because of its link to child poverty and development of adult human capital. This paper examines the effects of household resources and community-level variables on child nutrition (as indicated by the anthropometric measure of height for age). The data used for this study are drawn from the 1999 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey in Nigeria. The survey covers the whole country and questionnaires were administered to 18,300 households. We employ a model of nutrition status derived from the maximisation of household utility function. The model estimates the effects of household resources, parental education as well as community-level variables on child health status. We also explore the issue of nonlinearities in parental education as well as interaction between some community variables and parental education. Our results suggest significant relationships between household resources, community factors and child health.Item An empirical analysis of export supply response capacity in Nigeria(Centre For Public-Private Cooperation, Ibadan, 2018) Oyeranti, O. A.; Babatunde, M. A.; Adewuyi, A. O.; Bankole, A. S.The last two decades witnessed a significant fall in trade barriers in Nigeria in an attempt to boost trade and foster economic growth. The changes have been particularly marked in relation to the foreign trade regime. In spite of the significant trade liberalisation, considerably weak or sluggish non-oil export supply response still persisted in Nigeria. Using panel regression on macroeconomic data with a view to obtaining large sample size, implemented along with cross section fixed effect approach and correcting for contemporaneous correlation among the residuals, the study found significant information and establishment costs, as well as inclement macroeconomic environment that adversely impacted businesses in Nigeria and stalled their growth. In addition, it appeared that despite the substantial export bias, compensatory and complementary measures were inadequate to equalise the negative effect of export bias. Similarly, the analysis of survey data buttresses these findings.Item Poverty and inequality among rural households in Nigeria(2010) Okunmadewa, F.; Olaniyan, O.; Yusuf, S. A.; Bankole, A. S.; Oyeranti, O. A.; Omonona, B. T.; Awoyemi, T. T.; Olayiwola, K.Item Impact of manufactured goods’ exports on economic growth: a dynamic econometric model for Nigeria(African Journals Online, 2004-12) Lawanson, O. T.; Lawanson, A. O.; Bankole, A. S.The impact of exports on growth has for a long time enmeshed in controversy partly due to both positive and negative effects empirically established in the literature. Still, most studies in developing countries have left detailed examination of exports' components and domestic institutions unexplored in the export-growth nexus. Based on an error correction model, this paper examines the impact of manufactured exports and its components on economic growth in Nigeria, taking cognisance of the country’s institutional framework. Few of the components of manufactured exports were found to exert positive influence on growth both in the long and short runs. The paper, however, finds ample evidence in support of the relevance of quality of institutions in the economic growth process. In effect, with the right institutional framework, export-led growth, , and specific focus on selected manufacturing subsectors there appears to be a feasible development strategy for Nigeria.Item Import competition and Nigeria’s manufacturing sector: analysis of the employment effects of trade(African Journals Online, 1999-06) Bankole, A. S.; Lawanson, O. A.; Aminu, A.