FACULTY OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/268
Browse
234 results
Search Results
Item Religious conflict, sharia question and Nigerian unity(2009-04) Johnson, I. A.One of the noticeable problems in Nigeria’s political history is religious conflict. Religious conflict has threatened the unity of Nigeria, because of the inherent politics played along with it. However, this problem was an age long phenomenon, as old as the emergence of modem Nigeria, with the advent of Christianity and Islam; and the attendant modes of worship and hatred for each other. The complexity of religion has adversely affected inter-group relations in Nigeria. Indeed the use of religion to gain political power is noticed, and has become a do or die affair, especially for attaining other benefits (social and economic) through the state. Today, the Sharia issue has become controversial not essentially because of its religious essence but for its political expediency. This paper explores the effects of religious conflict .and the Sharia issue on Nigerian governmental policies, and examines its impact on socio-economic development. The paper argues that in a pluralistic society like Nigeria, this conflict is inevitable due to the ethno-cultural diversities and the universal claims of the two religions, but the responsibility of government is largely based on how best to manage and resolve these conflicting world views within the polity. The paper concludes that no matter the contradiction of secularism in our constitution, it is still the only alternative measure in resolving religious conflict for the unity of Nigeria within the context of a true federalismItem Constraints and strategies for the management of conflicts in Africa(2008) Idowu, J.The end of the Cold War instigated a new approach into the operation of world politics, with the promotion of peace and security\ This assumption is however different n the continent of Africa, because conflicts in this period have been volatile and protracted’ While some scholars analysed causes of conflict in Africa as a result of internal wranglings, other viewed it from the standpoint of modernization: In spite of these divergent opinions, conflicts in Africa did not only destabilize the operation of the political system but also make sustainable development a difficult task. The discursion starts with the analysis of the nature, causes and consequences of the conflict. In response to the negative consequences of such conflicts, this paper examines the constraints to the management of conflict in Africa and suggests the relevant strategies to employ in managing the conflicts. The paper concludes that for any meaningful peace and sustainable development to be attained in Africa, nation-building, justice and good governance should be brought to the center stage of continental politics and international relationsItem A spatial temporal analysis of wetland losses in the Lagos coastal region, Southwestern Nigeria, using multi-date satellite imagery(2009) Taiwo, O. J.; Areola, O.This paper assesses the temporal trend and the spatial patterns of wetland forest loss in the Lagos coastal region of southwestern Nigeria between 1978 and 2006 based on the comparative analysis of multi-date satellite imageries for 1978, 1987, 1995, 2000 and 2006. The initial number of wetland habitats was derived using an unsupervised classification algorithm. Freshwater and mangrove swamp forests dominated the area. Generally, the wetlands declined by 19% between 1978 and 2006 at 0.6% annual rate of loss. The freshwater and mangrove swamp forests declined by 20.9% and 13.0% with an annual rate of loss of 0.7% and 0.43% respectively. Using the Markov Chain technique, the trend in wetland loss would likely continue if the current economic, social and political systems are maintained. The lower rate of decline of mangrove forests compared with freshwater swamp forests is a reflection of the more waterlogged and difficult terrain.Item Inland habitat environmental sensitivity index mapping and modeling using geographic information systems and remote sensing technology(2007) Taiwo, O.; Areola, O.This study applies the Inland ESI mapping model developed by ERML and ESRI for the Niger Delta to the southeastern coastal region of Nigeria. Traditionally ESI mapping had been applied to shoreline areas and the maps typically contain three types of information: shoreline classification in terms of sensitivity to oiling, human-use resources, and biological resources. The ESI shoreline classification scheme is a numeric characterization of the sensitivity of coastal environments and wildlife to spilled oil. ESI was developed to reduce the environmental consequences of a spill and help prioritize the placement and allocation of resources during cleanup efforts. An improvement to the traditional ESI atlas has further been added through the development of ESI for inland/interior areas. This is particularly significant in the Nigeria context where many oil and gas facilities are located in the inland/interior habitats. This study shows that the model developed for the Niger delta is equally applicable to southeast coastal environment. The modeling is done using satellite imagery followed by rigorous field data collection and modeling within Arcview GIS environment. The GIS approach is quite ideal for ESI modeling because of its capability to sequentially overlay different data layers for various kinds of spatial statistical analysis and spatial modeling. The most critical element is the construction of the database: the relational database structure adopted greatly facilitates data search and analytical operations.Item An econometric analysis of capital flight from Nigeria: a portfolio choice approach(The African Economic Research Consortium, Kenya, 2007-05) Lawanson, A. O.Item Cost-effectiveness analysis of mectizan treatment programme for onchocerciasis control: operational experiences in two district of Southern Nigeria(Dept. of Physiology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, 2009) Osungbade, K. O.; Olumide, E. A. A.; Lawanson, A. O.; Asuzu, M. C.Objectives: This study analyze the operational costs of two Mectizan treatment strategies in relation to their effectiveness. Methods: The study was conducted in 24 communities located in Irewole and Egbeda districts of Osun and Oyo State, Nigeria respectively. Cost-effectiveness analysis included retrospective analysis of cost of treatment, review of records of distributors, estimation of overall cost-effectiveness ratio of treatment and distribution, calculation of mean cost-effectiveness ratios and statistical comparison of the mean cost-effectiveness ratios. Results: Overall cost of treatment per person through mobile distribution was N27.39 (USD1.16) while the corresponding overall cost through community-directed distribution was N14.35 (USD0.61). Overall cost of distribution per tablet through mobile distribution was N20.97 (USD0.89) while the corresponding overall cost through community-directed distribution was N8.39 (USD0.36). The difference between the mean cost-effectiveness ratios for treatments through mobile distribution, 56.79, and community directed distribution, 32,53, was not statistically significant (p=0.120265). Similarly, the difference between the mean cost-effectiveness ratios for distribution of tablets through mobile distribution, 40.83, and community-directed distribution, 19.17, was not statistically significant (p=0.167249). Treatment coverages were 59% and 80%, and 2,376 and 4,148 tablets were respectlveIy distributed, Conclusion: Distribution of Mectizan tablets by community-directed distributors was more cost-effective than by mobile health staff, but the differences in cost ere not statistically significant. However, this could ensure self-reIiance and sustainability of treatment programmes, which are prerequisites for decision making on treatment strategies.Item National health accounts: structure, trends and sustainability of health expenditure in Nigeria(African Journals Online, 2007) Soyibo, A.; Olaniyan, O.; Lawanson, A. O.This paper explored the structure of the contribution of different stakeholders to the financing of health care in Nigeria. The analysis was based on the National Health Accounts (NHA) 1998 to 2002 estimates for Nigeria. The main objective was to assess the viability of each stakeholder as a sustainable means of financing health provision in Nigeria. About two-thirds of health expenditure in Nigeria was directly financed by households, while public sector funding was less than half the amount committed by households. Third-party payment through health insurance represented a minuscule portion. A comparative analysis of the trend in the sources of income of households and revenue of government, revealed a wide disparity that suggested possible non-sustainability of their respective roles in health financing in Nigeria. Apart from the fact that the contributions of NGOs’ were very small, they were dependent on donor funds whose vagaries can significantly affect sustainability. Though, health insurance contributed minimally to health financing in Nigeria, its prospect in assuming a significant role appeared to be very bright. The progressive growth of health insurance contributions was an indication of the prospect of the recently introduced National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Nigeria. The NHIS represents a viable means of pooling resources in such a way that the burden of both the government and the households can be greatly relieved. Thus, the sustainability of financing health care in Nigeria may strongly depend on the extent to which the populace was covered by the health insurance plan.Item Impact of manufactured goods’ exports on economic growth: a dynamic econometric model for Nigeria(African Journals Online, 2004-12) Lawanson, O. T.; Lawanson, A. O.; Bankole, A. S.The impact of exports on growth has for a long time enmeshed in controversy partly due to both positive and negative effects empirically established in the literature. Still, most studies in developing countries have left detailed examination of exports' components and domestic institutions unexplored in the export-growth nexus. Based on an error correction model, this paper examines the impact of manufactured exports and its components on economic growth in Nigeria, taking cognisance of the country’s institutional framework. Few of the components of manufactured exports were found to exert positive influence on growth both in the long and short runs. The paper, however, finds ample evidence in support of the relevance of quality of institutions in the economic growth process. In effect, with the right institutional framework, export-led growth, , and specific focus on selected manufacturing subsectors there appears to be a feasible development strategy for Nigeria.Item Changing family structures/values and the incidence of human trafficking in Edo State(2007) Owumi, B. E.; Jerome, P. A.This paper attempts to unravel the underpinning factors that account for the upsurge of human trafficking in Edo State, Nigeria. The discourse is hinged on the Mertonian concept of innovation which explains the circumvention of societal mainstream values and employed as a circuit and routes to achieving societies collectively subscribed goals. The aims and objectives of the study include: identifying the changes in family structures that predispose parents to trafficking their children; examining the changes in family values that predispose parents to trafficking; discussing the perception of parents about trafficking their children and finally explaining the reasons for the persistence of human trafficking despite attempts to curb it. Focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview methods were used in collecting data. The study revealed that parents are predisposed to trafficking their children due to poverty, unemployment, greed, ignorance, illiteracy, polygyny, distortion of social values, dysfunctional families among othersItem Women trafficking and the risk of contacting HIV/AIDS among the trafficked in Edo state, Nigeria(2009) Jerome, A. P.; Owumi, B.Woman trafficking and HIV/AIDS have affected the country adversly and has posed a threat to the development of the nation. Although studies haves documented the contribution of commercial sex workers of long truck drivers towards HIV/AIDS, there dearth of knowledge about the phenomena of women trafficking and HIV/AIDS. The study therefore focused on the risk of contacting HIV/AIDS amongst trafficked girls in the two rehabilitation centres in Edo state. Qualitative techniques, which through, a case study, in-depth interviews and focus group discussion were used in elicting data. content analysis was used in the presentation of findings. The study revealed that most trafficked victims have very little or no knowledge about HIV/AIDS and its prevention before they are trafficked. Data showed improved knowledge of HIV/AIDS during the process of rehabilitation after they had been trafficked. The study observed that most of the trafficked girls refused to test for their HIV-status because they were invoved in high-risk sextual behaviour (unprotected sex) before rehabilitation to avoid stigma associated with HIV/AIDS, if they tested positive. The most known and preferred means of preventing HIV/AIDS amongst trafficked victim is condom use. However data showed that, in actual practices, the use of condom is low especially with regularand close partners. It was revealed that only one object is shared amongst subjects in the collection of blood, public and nails during the oath taking process and this is done to ensure that the girls are bound to their sponsor's instructions in the course of being trafficked in the order to avoid repercussions. Following these findings, the study recommends that the effort to combat women trafficking and HIV/AIDS be intensified through poverty alleviation, sentization against women trafficking and HIV/AIDS, reduction of stigmatization towards HIV/AIDS and empowerment of trafficked girls who have been rehabilitated to reduce recidivism