FACULTY OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

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    Exploring African Traditional Systems of Illness Diagnosis: A case study of Ifa System in Yoruba Society
    (2019) Busari,D
    Every culture has traditional knowledge, which forms their universal view and understanding around which life is well defined. An example of this is evident among the Yoruba people of South-western Nigeria, whose cosmological demystification is derived from Ifa - a divine oral text of corpuses. There are many verses (odu as the Yoruba call them) in Ifa, each of which has holistic approach to human lqe etc. A major part of Ifa themes is the healing system through which etiology and diagnosis are carried out for curative purpose. However, this aspect of indigenous knowledge has not received enough empirical research attention. Thus, a study was conducted to reveal the system of divine Ifa diagnosis within the Yoruba culture in Nigeria. Using exploratory research design, ethno-methodological theory served as a framework for the study. Hence, the study was carried out basically by qualitative technique where 4 focus group discussions (FGD) comprising twelve discussants and 16 In-depth Interview where employed as instrument of data collection from ifa priests referred to as ~babalawo and patients. The data were content analyzed. The study found that the Ifa diagnostic method was systematic and perceived to be a divine way of seeking God's revelation on any health challenges in order to provide a to provide a very comprehensive and holistic cure to any human health imbalance. Therefore, it is pertinent for policy makers as well as the enthusiasts of African self-generated development, to preserve, modernize and promote Ifa therapy system for sustainable development's sake.
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    Social Cohesion: Its Meaning and Complexities
    (2018) Mekoa,I; Busari,D
    The concept Social cohesion is relative and a somewhat difficult concept to define. Many scholars have offered varying degree of definitions but the main challenge noticed in the definition, is the multiple definitions based on individual scholar’s orientation or ideology .Another problem poised by these definitions of the concept is that of multi-level and multi-dimensional nature. Contemporary scholars of social cohesion have defied a way of treating the concept as a phenomenon with a multi-dimensional feature or as a kind of potentially construct concept structured around many varying indices. Academics and policy makers have unanimously arrived at a consensus that ,"Social Cohesion" as a concept, is enjoying an ever-increasing popularity. Inspite of this perceived ubiquity in many literatures, the concept of social cohesion is still a hugely ill-defined concept that exact meaning varies from one scholar to another. While some scholars or researchers understand the concept as being synonymous to trust, solidarity and peace; many others tend to be of the view that the concept can incorporate such terms as inclusiveness, poverty and social capital. Sociologists however have associated or aligned the concept to ideas that includes social integration and system integration. In furtherance of the search for a clear definition, sociologists have attempted to simplify the challenges embedded in its definition. They highlighted interest in developing a general theory of social cohesion that is confronted with a complex body of work that involves various definitions of social cohesion and engaged specialized literatures on particular dimensions of social cohesion (e.g., membership turnover, organizational commitment, categorical identifications, interpersonal attachments, network structures) and encourage lines of inquiry that is focused on the specific types of groups (e.g., families, schools, military units and sports teams. The apparent theoretical confusion pointed out by other scholar critically is geared towards a critical view of the concept of cohesion which could be viewed as nothing beyond a "quasi-concept" or "concept of convenience" that can be seen to be flexible enough to allow for tweaking, meanderings and also offer rooms for necessities associated with political action in its everyday activities. The goal of the article therefore is to proffer an in-depth analysis of how the concept of social cohesion has been defined and applied in the literature, taking into cognizance the two traditions used in analyzing social cohesion. The first that has its origin in the disciplines of social sciences such as Political Science, Sociology, Social Psychology etc. Coming after social science discipline is the more recent and increasingly significant approaches that were formulated by policy-makers.
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    IT STILL RECOGNISES RACE" POLITICS OF MARRIAGE AND CHALLENGE OF SOCIAL COHESION AMONGS AFRICA UNDERGRADUATES
    (2017) Aderemi,B.D; Mekoa,I
    South Africa is a country plagued by several racial challenges in almost all spheres of its activities. While, in recent years, the South Afiica government have initiated programs aimed at promoting social cohesion, not much has been done in the area of interracial marriage. Yet intermarriage has been regarded as both a final test of integration and willingness of a person to lose his\her racial identification. Although some people contended that with the end of apartheid two decades ago. South Africa youth endogamy or manage based on should be a thing the pass studies to either confirm or refute this contention are scanty. This study, therefore, was an attempt to the attitudes of South Africa undergraduate students towards inter-racial marriage. The study indicated that racial endogamy is still common in South Africa, furthermore that few students are more likely to approve of the interracial marriage and by student and the exhibited a conservative attitude toward interracial marriage. The study recommended that Inter-racial marriage by students and youths should be encouraged as it would likely foster social cohesion and invigorate and promote peaceful co-existence and encourage the much needed social cohesion among the people of South A6ica.
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    INFORMAL RELATIONS AMONG HEALTH WORKERS: A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED HOSPITALS IN AKURE, ONDO STATE
    (2017) Busari,D.A; Owojuigbe,A.M; Emoruwa,T.O
    The need for smooth relationships among health workers in any health facility cannot be overemphasized .This is due to the need to facilitate efficient health care delivery especially in light of growing consumer-focused delivery system. These relationships can be either formal or informal, and nonetheless tend to have effects on health care delivery and the health system as a whole. This paper explores the different forms of the informal relations, which exist among health workers. The study employed a descriptive case-study research design. The location for this research was Akure in Ondo State. The target population for this study included health workers from the Ondo state specialist hospital and Mother and child hospital Akure. The sample size for this study was 290. Questionnaires were applied to all respondents, and eight key informant interviews were conducted within the course of this study. The forms of informal relations identified as existing among workers within the selected health facilities included relations such as Extra-official activities, Social activities, Emotional engagements and Romantic relations with other health workers, Communication in local dialects, Age relations, and Informal Addresses. The extra official and social activities pointed out were trading activities, get -togethers, thrifts and savings, sporting activities and recreation, parties, fellowships and meetings. The correlation of-0.567 implies that there is a significant moderate negative relationship between informal relations and the level of commitment to the group think of the profession (p-value = .000). The paper concludes that the health care system is filled with different category of health care personnel, who interact both formally, and informally, with both positive and negative consequences, and that these informal relations may perhaps impact much more devastatingly on health care provision than even the formal relations.
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    Perpetrators’ Profiles in Urban Patriarchies: An Investigation of Domestic Violence against Men in Ibadan,Nigeria
    (2017) Busari,D.A; Owojuyigbe,M.A; Ajao,I.E
    In urban patriarchies, the voices of male-victims of Domestic Violence are relegated to the background. To understand the roots and improve risk prediction ,there is need to profile female perpetrators of domestic violence against men. This paper bridges this gap by characterizing female offenders and typifying profiles in an exploratory cross-sectional study of female perpetrators in Ibadan. Akiwowo’s variation in the theme of sociation was used to explain this paper. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained from a total of 120 male victims of domestic violence from Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics and typologies .Traits that prompted abuse of partners among women included economic independence, physical size, peer-influence, developmental issues, substance use and abuse, the need for retaliation, and a troublesome nature. Seven profile types of perpetrators were identified in this light. This paper affirms that perpetrators of DVAM are varied and refutes notions that give the impression that men are only abusive to women while women are passive recipients of abuse
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    Annual Street Carnivals and Youth Violence in South-West Nigeria
    (2017) Ojedokun,U.A; Busari,D.A
    The growing number of carnival-related violence has added another dimension to the problem of youth violence in Nigeria. On this basis, this study investigated youth violence associated with annual street carnivals in south-west Nigeria. Social disorganisation theory was adopted as a theoretical framework. In-depth interview, key-informant interview and focus group discussion methods were employed for data collection; and purposive and snowball sampling techniques were utilised for the selection of 68 respondents. Findings revealed that youth attached spiritual and symbolic meanings to their annual end-of-the-year street carnivals. However, there were divergent opinions regarding the benefits accruable from street carnivals as most of the respondents contended that street carnivals are increasingly becoming synonymous with violence in south-west Nigeria. Lax security arrangements at carnival grounds, supremacy battle, and retaliation among carnival participants were the major factors promoting violence. Therefore, state governors in the region should be more proactive towards addressing violence associated with annual street carnivals.
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    Sex as a Weapon of Violence: An Examination of thè Phenomenon of domestic violence against Men in Ibandan, Nigeria
    (2017) Dauda,B; Ajao,I
    e of domestic violence, its forms and thè effects on men to the effect of spousal abuse, it also explored thè weapons adopted by women to abuse their partners. The study found that sex is a major weapon use by women to abuse men among many others. An abusive woman may also kick, bite, punch, bit, hit or even destroy properties at home, attack while husband is sleeping to make up for their seemingly difference in physical strength. The study recommends that more advocacies should be encouraged to guide against abuse of partners by both genders.
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    Ire Gbogbo' Polical Rhetoric in Nigeria's 2015 General Elections. An Orunmilast Sociological Perspective
    (2017) Busari,D; Owojuyigbe,M.A; Mekoa,I
    This paper adopts the valuation of the sociologist as the 'arokun' of the society who applied 'ifongbo t'aiyese', and interrogates the poitical rhetoric used in campaign speeches and write-ups prior to the 2015 general elections along the lines of the common social values encaosulated in the principles of ire-gbogbo (the valve of collectivity), ire oko-aya (the value of good health), ire owo (financial security), ire oko-aya (the value of self-actualization). Akinwowo's varlations in the theme of sociation provide an insightful framework for this paper, which attempts a content analysis of selected rhetorics. the paper argues tht in line with ifongbo t'aiyese grounded in the Orunmilaist sociological perspertive, the social values of ire-gbogbo provides the theoretical foundations for social collectivity and nationhood development, and further highlights albeit theoretically that the failings of politicians to include these core values in their speeches (or their deceptive misuse of them),under develop the nation by bringing upon it diverse forms of social ils.it concludes that Nigeria's development as nation is inhibited by elements of igbinkugbin (sifling alien cultures) such as character assassination,insult-hurling. which are bye-products of the strife laden ajogbe society.
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    Cultural concepts employed in child discipline within rural Yorùbá households: the Ayetoro-Oke African community
    (2017) Busari,D.A; Owojuyigbe,M.A; Okunola, R.A; Mekoa,I
    Social scientists have long been concerned about social control, not only of adults, but also of children. In recent years, however, concerns have escalated globally, particularly regarding the lack of integration of indigenous knowledge about many aspects of children’s upbringing. The present research addresses knowledge gaps around aspects of the Yorùbá culture employed in rural African communities to ensure child discipline, and consequently social control among all members. Employing a descriptive case study research design, we describe the cultural concepts employed as instruments of child discipline within households in the Ayetoro-Oke community of Oyo state. Using 6 focus group discussions involving 45 persons across the community, we identify and describe 7 cultural elements employed in child training within the households in the rural community, ranging from “Ijiya” (punishment) to “Orin” (songs). The article concludes shaming is a key element upon which such cultural concepts are built and guides child discipline among the people of Ayetoro-Oke. It also notes differences between traditional discipline and western child-rearing practices may lead to potential conflict in attempting to integrate the indigenous with the modern. It concludes by suggesting the use of indigenous knowledge in developing parts of societal life is warranted, and based on the findings, recommends areas requiring future research.
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    Modernization and Development: A Historico-Contemporary Approach Through Justin Labinjoh's Narratives
    (2017) Olutayo,O.A; Adetola,O.B; Omobowale,A.O; Akanle,O; Busari,D.D; Akintunde,A
    Understanding development is a strategic issue in every human society. This is because central to humans is the need to develop, which is why societies over the ages have not only sought to develop, they have also attempted to understand what development is all about, how best to develop and what the outcomes of development should be. This is why scholars and nations have commonly categorized countries/societies as developed and developing/underdeveloped.Of interest however are continuous scholarly attempts at unravelling trends in development discourse. This article therefore engages the contributions of Justin Labinjoh, a foremost development thinker a scholar at the universtiy of lbadan until his death in 2001. Focusing on his unpublished manuscript 'Development: A History and Critique of an Idea ', the paper reviews how the history at Western Europe informed, and is still informing Sociology as a discipline, it’s dwories and, by extension, Sociology of Development which has been dominated by modernization theory