FACULTY OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/268
Browse
516 results
Search Results
Item Liberalization of trade in health services and the implication for Africa’s health system(Centre for Sustainable Development, University of Ibadan, 2014) Olaniyan, O.; Bankole, A. S.; Oyeranti, O. A.; Afaha, J. S.This paper explores the relationship between trade in health services, its liberalization, and Africa's health system with particular focus on Africa. Using a sample of African countries, a regression model link, health outcomes to health inputs and health policy variables were estimated to cover two separate periods- the pre- General Agreement in Trade in Services (GATS) (1990-1994) period and GATS period (1995-2006). The coefficients of the regression are then compared to determine the impact of GATS. Increasing the public health expenditure through additional budgetary provisions in African countries improves health only at the margin. The lack of agreement in the form of GATS limited the intensity of trade in health services. The non-significance of the trade in health services proxy variables during GATS period shows that health trade services impacts on Africa's health sector should be limited to commercial presence (Mode 3) and movement of health professionals (Mode 4) which are the channels through which health services trade is conducted in many African countries. Health services trade data are limited, hence proxy measure of health services were utilised in the paper and this might blur the expected impacts. The implication of the paper is for African countries to adequately participate in GATS as it involves trade in health services.Item Inflation and capacity utilization in Nigeria’s manufacturing sector(2013-06) Oyeranti, O. A.; Ishola, O. A.This study analysed the relationship between inflation and capacity utilisation empirically leaning on the model employed by Baylor (2001). It utilised time series secondary data using least square multiple regression technique. The quarterly data utilised were tested for stationarity using ADF test. The multiple regression results showed a significant negative relationship between inflation and capacity utilisation. This finding was contrary to the economic argument which underpinned the intuition that the relationship between inflation and capacity utilisation should be positive. We also found that although the relationship between the two varied significantly over time, the model revealed that if current capacity utilisation rate doubled, inflation will decline by 3.6 per cent in Nigeria.Item International reserve pooling in the West African monetary union(Economic Policy Analysis Unit Department of Macroeconomic Policy ECOWAS Commission, Nigeria, 2012) Oyeranti, O. A.; Shuaibu, M.The paper has focused on international reserve pooling in the West African region. Attempts have been made to situate the demand for and adequacy of foreign reserve in ECOWAS member countries. This is done in order to appreciate the adequacy of pooled reserve and its management in the ECOWAS envisaged monetary union. The gains and losses that are concomitant to having a monetary union at regional level for ECOWAS member states are equally investigated. The paper has established that the evolution of a monetary union for ECOWAS has been hindered largely by the inability of the member states to actualize both the primary and secondary convergence criteria even when the set timeline has since elapsed. ECOWAS sub-region cannot afford to be left out of the race toward regional integration. At the centre of the integration process is monetary integration as this will lubricate all other dimensions of regional integration such as trade integration. Regional collaboration has no substitute in the global economy and as such, the journey towards ECOWAS monetary integration involving pooling of reserve and evolution of single currency is a worthy venture.Item Exports trade, employment and poverty reduction in Nigeria(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2012) Babatunde, M. A.; Oyeranti, O. A.; Bankole, A. S.; Ogunkola, E. O.Purpose – Poverty reduction remains one of the main goals of development efforts, as evidenced by the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals by most developing countries and international agencies. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between trade (exports) and employment and how the relationship reduces poverty through the instrumentality of employment, with a focus on Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of descriptive analysis. Findings – Evaluating the case for Nigeria, the authors find that oil exports which drives economic growth do not provide the needed employment to reduce poverty, while agricultural trade, particularly exports, are capable of reducing poverty and inequality in Nigeria through the channel of employment and agricultural productivity growth. Originality/value – The paper makes a link between export trade, employment and poverty reduction in Nigeria.Item Exchange rate and macroeconomic aggregates in Nigeria(2012) Dada, E. A.; Oyeranti, O. A.This study analyses the impact of exchange rate on macroeconomic aggregates in Nigeria. Based on the annual time series data for the period 1970 to 2009, the research examines the possible direct and indirect relationship between the real exchange rates and GDP growth. The relationship is derived in two ways using a simultaneous equations model within a fully specified (but small) macroeconomic model, and a vector-autoregressive model. The estimation results show that there is no evidence of a strong direct relationship between changes in the exchange rate and GDP growth. Rather, Nigeria’s economic growth has been directly affected by fiscal and monetary policies and other economic variables particularly the growth of exports (oil). These factors have tended to sustain a pattern of real exchange rate over-valuation, which has been unfavourable for growth. The conclusion is that improvements in exchange rate management are necessary but not adequate to revive the Nigerian economy. A broad program of economic reform is required, which includes among others, a complementary restrictive monetary policy. On the whole, the results are informative.Item Demand for international reserves: a case for reserves accumulation in Nigeria(Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Research Department, 2011-09) Bankole, A. S.; Olaniyan, O.; Oyeranti, O.; Shuaibu, M. I.This paper examined the determinants of international reserves holding in Nigeria, where a huge amount of foreign reserves is necessary to ensure good macroeconomic policy and international credit worthiness. Adopting a dynamic modeling approach combined with the Mizon-Richard encompassing test, both precautionary and mercantilist motives explain holding of foreign reserves in Nigeria. Specifically, the current account variability and past levels of external reserves drive reserve holding in the short run. In the long run, the former and the money supply are significant determinants. Therefore, enhancement of exports through support for quality and competitiveness of non-oil exports are key to reserves management.Item Production, trade and livelihoods of cotton producers in Nigeria(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2011-06) Bankole, A. S.; Olaniyan, O.; Oyeranti, O.; Abdulrahaman, M.The sustainable livelihood framework is applied to the context of cotton production and trade in Nigeria’s cotton belt with focus on small cotton farmers vulnerability to natural and environmental disasters; the effects of which policies and programmes were formulated to mitigate. The study aims at the application of multidisciplinary knowledge to the study of households and their livelihoods. In addition, the study helps to augment the pool of livelihoods research in Nigeria. With the aid of interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs), primary data were obtained from purposively selected communities in five northern states of Nigeria; namely Kano, Katsina, Kaduna, Zamfara and Jigawa in addition to secondary data on Nigeria’s cotton sector. The key finding of the study suggests that farmers are vulnerable to natural and environmental disasters as well as policy shocks to which some programmes and projects are targeted. The study also finds that institutional interventions to reduce vulnerabilities have been less successful in dealing with the restoration of small cotton farmers’ economic and social capital assets. Consequent upon the findings of the study, the adoption of sustainable livelihoods is germane for addressing cotton farmers ’ vulnerabilities in order to guarantee the success of poverty reduction strategies meant to help combat poverty for cotton producers.Item An analysis of China-Nigeria investment relations(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2011) Oyeranti, G. A.; Babatunde, M. A.; Ogunkola, E. O.Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the economic relation between China and Nigeria in the area of foreign direct investment (FDI). Design/methodology/approach – The study employed the use of quantitative (descriptive analysis such as ratios, percentages and correlation as well as cross tabulations), qualitative (key informant interviews and surveys) and case studies – for example the railway transport project handled by the Chinese. The use of surveys assisted the study to generate firm-level data that allowed the analysis of China-Nigeria investment relations with respect to concerns such as the employment effects as well as the competitive and/or complementary effects of Chinese firms to local firms. The use of content analysis of relevant documents and reports obtained from various sources was equally involved to corroborate the results obtained from primary data. Findings – The findings reveal that the major characteristic of Chinese investment in Nigeria is its concentration in a few sectors that are of strategic interest to China, especially in the extractive industries which are carried out largely by state-owned enterprises or joint ventures. In addition, the analysis clearly shows that the engagement with China, just like any bilateral relationship, has some advantages and disadvantages and that optimal outcome of the engagement will depend on the policies and institutions that are put in place to maximize the complementary effects and to minimize the competing effects. However, there is need to ensure implementation of laws and regulations in Nigeria and to ensure compliance by the Chinese investors. Originality/value – This is the first study to carry out an empirical analysis of the China-Nigeria relation. The study was able to establish the sectors where the incoming FDI from China is directed and the extent at which Chinese FDI is bundled with inflows of aid. The study was also able to show that the incoming Chinese FDI are in resource seeking, and the output targeted at the external market. The study will be of value to academia and to policy makers who are interested in studying the China-Africa relation.Item GATS and higher education in Nigeria: a preliminary investigation of the indicative patterns of consumption abroad by Nigerians(2010) Olaniyan, O. A.; Bankole, S.; Oyeranti, O. A.This article presents some preliminary evidence on the existence and magnitude of consumption abroad and the type of trade in higher education, using a combination of advertisement survey data by Nigerians during 2001 -2006 and secondary data on Nigerians enrolled in universities outside the country. We found that higher education consumption abroad is increasing without explicit regulation by Nigeria’s regulatory bodies. The findings also point to the development of a market for local recruiting agencies and the need for regulation not only for quality control but also to avoid collusion between local students recruiting agencies, foreign higher education providers and foreign embassies. The study therefore proposes the setting up of a technical committee to advise on issues concerning negotiations on higher education during the WTO rounds and also provide a clear framework on the process and dynamics of the trade for the benefit of the citizens and the country.Item Determinants of child nutrition in Nigeria(College of Development Studies Covenant University, Canaanland Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, 2010-04) Olaniyan, O.; Bankole, A. S.; Oyeranti, O. A.; Faseyi, S. A.The importance of nutrition for an individual's well-being cannot be over emphasised because of its link to child poverty and development of adult human capital. This paper examines the effects of household resources and community-level variables on child nutrition (as indicated by the anthropometric measure of height for age). The data used for this study are drawn from the 1999 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey in Nigeria. The survey covers the whole country and questionnaires were administered to 18,300 households. We employ a model of nutrition status derived from the maximisation of household utility function. The model estimates the effects of household resources, parental education as well as community-level variables on child health status. We also explore the issue of nonlinearities in parental education as well as interaction between some community variables and parental education. Our results suggest significant relationships between household resources, community factors and child health.