FACULTY OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/268
Browse
35 results
Search Results
Item Exports trade, employment and poverty reduction in Nigeria(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2012) Babatunde, M. A.; Oyeranti, O. A.; Bankole, A. S.; Ogunkola, E. O.Purpose – Poverty reduction remains one of the main goals of development efforts, as evidenced by the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals by most developing countries and international agencies. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between trade (exports) and employment and how the relationship reduces poverty through the instrumentality of employment, with a focus on Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of descriptive analysis. Findings – Evaluating the case for Nigeria, the authors find that oil exports which drives economic growth do not provide the needed employment to reduce poverty, while agricultural trade, particularly exports, are capable of reducing poverty and inequality in Nigeria through the channel of employment and agricultural productivity growth. Originality/value – The paper makes a link between export trade, employment and poverty reduction in Nigeria.Item Exchange rate and macroeconomic aggregates in Nigeria(2012) Dada, E. A.; Oyeranti, O. A.This study analyses the impact of exchange rate on macroeconomic aggregates in Nigeria. Based on the annual time series data for the period 1970 to 2009, the research examines the possible direct and indirect relationship between the real exchange rates and GDP growth. The relationship is derived in two ways using a simultaneous equations model within a fully specified (but small) macroeconomic model, and a vector-autoregressive model. The estimation results show that there is no evidence of a strong direct relationship between changes in the exchange rate and GDP growth. Rather, Nigeria’s economic growth has been directly affected by fiscal and monetary policies and other economic variables particularly the growth of exports (oil). These factors have tended to sustain a pattern of real exchange rate over-valuation, which has been unfavourable for growth. The conclusion is that improvements in exchange rate management are necessary but not adequate to revive the Nigerian economy. A broad program of economic reform is required, which includes among others, a complementary restrictive monetary policy. On the whole, the results are informative.Item Sex as a Weapon of Violence: An Examination of thè Phenomenon of domestic violence against Men in Ibandan, Nigeria(2017) Dauda,B; Ajao,Ie of domestic violence, its forms and thè effects on men to the effect of spousal abuse, it also explored thè weapons adopted by women to abuse their partners. The study found that sex is a major weapon use by women to abuse men among many others. An abusive woman may also kick, bite, punch, bit, hit or even destroy properties at home, attack while husband is sleeping to make up for their seemingly difference in physical strength. The study recommends that more advocacies should be encouraged to guide against abuse of partners by both genders.Item Ire Gbogbo' Polical Rhetoric in Nigeria's 2015 General Elections. An Orunmilast Sociological Perspective(2017) Busari,D; Owojuyigbe,M.A; Mekoa,IThis paper adopts the valuation of the sociologist as the 'arokun' of the society who applied 'ifongbo t'aiyese', and interrogates the poitical rhetoric used in campaign speeches and write-ups prior to the 2015 general elections along the lines of the common social values encaosulated in the principles of ire-gbogbo (the valve of collectivity), ire oko-aya (the value of good health), ire owo (financial security), ire oko-aya (the value of self-actualization). Akinwowo's varlations in the theme of sociation provide an insightful framework for this paper, which attempts a content analysis of selected rhetorics. the paper argues tht in line with ifongbo t'aiyese grounded in the Orunmilaist sociological perspertive, the social values of ire-gbogbo provides the theoretical foundations for social collectivity and nationhood development, and further highlights albeit theoretically that the failings of politicians to include these core values in their speeches (or their deceptive misuse of them),under develop the nation by bringing upon it diverse forms of social ils.it concludes that Nigeria's development as nation is inhibited by elements of igbinkugbin (sifling alien cultures) such as character assassination,insult-hurling. which are bye-products of the strife laden ajogbe society.Item Female genital mutilation as sexual disability:perceptions of women and their spouses in Akure,Ondo State, Nigeria(2017) Owojuyigbe,M; Bolorunduro,M.E; Busari,DDisability encompasses the limitations on an individual’s basic physical activities, and the consequent social oppressions such individual faces in society. In this regard, the limitation on the use of some parts of the genitals in a patriarchal system is considered a form of disability. This paper describes the perceptions of and the coping mechanisms employed by affected couples dealing with the consequences of female genital mutilation (FGM) as a form of sexual disability. Cultural Libertarianism was employed as a theoretical framework. The paper presents the results of a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, with 10 male and 12 female respondents purposively selected through a snowball sampling for in-depth interviews. The findings present the justifications provided for the practice of FGM, and victims’ perceptions of how it affects their sexual relations. Furthermore, it highlights coping strategies employed by affected women and their spouses. The study shows that the disabling consequence of FGM is largely sexual in nature, leading to traumatic experiences and negative beliefs about sex, and requiring a myriad of coping strategies employed by the disabled women, and their spouses, which may have its own implications for marital and sexual bliss.Item Religion and Social Control in Nigeria:The Rise and Rise of Secularization and Fanaticism(Department of Sociology,University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria., 2015) Owojuyigbe,; Busari, A.M; DaudaReligion as well as its institutions in every society has always played a pivotal role in the maintenance of social order and control, as well as fostered social change, disorder, deviance, social death and re-birth. this paper focuses on the dynamic nature of the relationship between religion and social control; it argues that whilst religion might be functional, many a part of it is not, especially taking into consideration the issues of religious violence, and other critical social issues. It further discusses the rise of secularization and fanaticism as two polar ends in the religious discourse while advancing its explanation for the topsy-turvy relationship between religion (and its constituent phenomena of secularization and fanaticism) and social control particularly in the light of the Nigerian social situation. It concludes that the influence of religion rather than waning has increased, alongside its secularization and fanaticism.Item The significance of failed election in 1993 for Nigeria’s democratic development(2017-08) Johnson, I. A.Election plays a vital role in a system of representative democracy. In Nigeria, the history of elections has been a chequered one. From 1964,1979 to 1983 elections in Nigeria, experience shows that the country failed to conduct credible elections which will move the country to a higher rung on the democratization ladder. Thus, successive elections in Nigeria lacked the essential ingredients of democratic electoral processes. However, the June 12 1993 Presidential election remains a watershed in the history of elections in the country. The election was adjudged the most peaceful, and the freest in Nigeria’s post-independence political history. The results of the election were not released by the military government with no justifiable reason. All domestic pressures to make the military allow the winner, M.K.O. Abiola assumed presidential office proved abortive. The 1993 presidential election explains the important roles of individuals, civil society organizations, opposition parties, and foreign countries in terminating authoritarian regime in Nigeria. The paper posits that the June 12 1993 presidential election was very significant for three obvious reasons. First, it allowed Nigeria to slightly conform to the global norm of democracy. Secondly, Nigeria became an encouragement for other countries in Africa in returning to democratic rule. Thirdly, Nigerians were more enlightened to reject any government coming ”to power through military coup. Arising from the foregoing, the paper concludes with some recommendations on how to consolidate democracy in NigeriaItem Spatial association between environmental noise levels and occurrence of children hearing impairments in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria(2015) Oguntoke, O.; Olatinwo, M.; Taiwo, O. J.Reports in the past few decades indicate that Nigerian cities have high noise levels that is claimed to impact the health of residents negatively. The present article therefore examine the relationship between levels of environmental noise in selected residential areas in Ibadan metropolis with varying reported cases of hearing impairments (HI). Data on cases of HI were collected from one hospital; noise monitoring was conducted with the aid of a noise level meter while copies of questionnaire were administered to residents to elicit information on public perception. The distribution of reported cases of HI among residential areas in Ibadan city showed varying magnitude (p < 0.001). About 75 % of children diagnosed with HI cases were within ages of 4-12 and female children suffered more (53.9 %). Sensorineural and conductive impairments accounted for 88.2 % of all reported HI cases. Monitored noise levels vary significantly among the selected residential area at each of morning, after-noon and evening (p < 0.05). Noise levels at morning and evening showed significant correlation with cases of HI reported at each of the 10 selected residential areas (r = 0.81; 0.82). Regression analysis showed that noise level explained 70.1 % of the spatial pattern of HI cases. Residents indicated that their neighbourhoods were noisy, that noise levels were on the increase and that ceremonies and generator use were major sources of noise. An integrated strategy for noise control is urgently required to stem the tide of noise pollution so as to safeguard human health in Nigerian cities.Item Geograpic information systems in determining road traffic crash analysis in Ibadan, Nigeria(2014-09) Rukewe, A.; Taiwo, O. J.; Fatiregun, A. A.; Afuwape, O. O.; Alonge, T. O.Background: Road traffic accidents are frequent in this environment, hence the need to determine the place of geographic information systems in the documentation of road traffic accidents. Aim & Objectives: To investigate and document the variations in crash frequencies by types and across different road types in Ibadan, Nigeria. Materials & Methods: Road traffic accident data between January and June 2011 were obtained from the University College Hospital Emergency Department's trauma registry. All the traffic accidents were categorized into motor vehicular, motorbike and pedestrian crashes. Georeferencing of accident locations mentioned by patients was done using a combination of Google Earth and ArcGIS software. Nearest neighbor statistic, Moran's-I, Getis-Ord statistics, Student T-test, and ANOVA were used in investigating the spatial dynamics in crashes. Results: Out of 600 locations recorded, 492 (82.0%) locations were correctly georeferenced. Crashes were clustered in space with motorbike crashes showing greatest clustering. There was significant difference in crashes between dual and non-dual carriage roads (P = 0.0001), but none between the inner city and the periphery (p = 0.115). However, significant variations also exist among the three categories analyzed (p = 0.004) and across the eleven Local Government Areas (P = 0.017). Conclusion: This study showed that the use of Geographic Information System can help in understanding variations in road traffic accident occurrence, while at the same time identifying locations and neighborhoods with unusually higher accidents frequency.Item The August 2011 flood in Ibadan, Nigeria: anthropogenic causes and consequences(Springer, 2012) Agbola, B. S.; Ajayi, O.; Taiwo, O. J.; Wahab, B. W.Determining when and where flood strikes can be a daunting task. Apart from heavy and prolonged rainfalls and river overflows, there are anthropogenic causal factors of flooding. These anthropogenic factors are significantly variable and exacerbate floods, but may be difficult to measure. This study aims to unravel some of the anthropogenic factors, particularly with respect to their contributions to the flood in Ibadan City on 26 August 2011. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and key informant interviews. The August 2011 Ibadan flood was perhaps the worst in the history of this ancient city. Twelve anthropogenic factors are broadly identified as having contributed to the flood and the flood had five major consequences. Some policy implications that can help prevent future flood occurrence are outlined.