FACULTY OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

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End date: 2019Subject: search.filters.subject.Nigeria

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    Sex as a Weapon of Violence: An Examination of thè Phenomenon of domestic violence against Men in Ibandan, Nigeria
    (2017) Dauda,B; Ajao,I
    e of domestic violence, its forms and thè effects on men to the effect of spousal abuse, it also explored thè weapons adopted by women to abuse their partners. The study found that sex is a major weapon use by women to abuse men among many others. An abusive woman may also kick, bite, punch, bit, hit or even destroy properties at home, attack while husband is sleeping to make up for their seemingly difference in physical strength. The study recommends that more advocacies should be encouraged to guide against abuse of partners by both genders.
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    Ire Gbogbo' Polical Rhetoric in Nigeria's 2015 General Elections. An Orunmilast Sociological Perspective
    (2017) Busari,D; Owojuyigbe,M.A; Mekoa,I
    This paper adopts the valuation of the sociologist as the 'arokun' of the society who applied 'ifongbo t'aiyese', and interrogates the poitical rhetoric used in campaign speeches and write-ups prior to the 2015 general elections along the lines of the common social values encaosulated in the principles of ire-gbogbo (the valve of collectivity), ire oko-aya (the value of good health), ire owo (financial security), ire oko-aya (the value of self-actualization). Akinwowo's varlations in the theme of sociation provide an insightful framework for this paper, which attempts a content analysis of selected rhetorics. the paper argues tht in line with ifongbo t'aiyese grounded in the Orunmilaist sociological perspertive, the social values of ire-gbogbo provides the theoretical foundations for social collectivity and nationhood development, and further highlights albeit theoretically that the failings of politicians to include these core values in their speeches (or their deceptive misuse of them),under develop the nation by bringing upon it diverse forms of social ils.it concludes that Nigeria's development as nation is inhibited by elements of igbinkugbin (sifling alien cultures) such as character assassination,insult-hurling. which are bye-products of the strife laden ajogbe society.
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    Female genital mutilation as sexual disability:perceptions of women and their spouses in Akure,Ondo State, Nigeria
    (2017) Owojuyigbe,M; Bolorunduro,M.E; Busari,D
    Disability encompasses the limitations on an individual’s basic physical activities, and the consequent social oppressions such individual faces in society. In this regard, the limitation on the use of some parts of the genitals in a patriarchal system is considered a form of disability. This paper describes the perceptions of and the coping mechanisms employed by affected couples dealing with the consequences of female genital mutilation (FGM) as a form of sexual disability. Cultural Libertarianism was employed as a theoretical framework. The paper presents the results of a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, with 10 male and 12 female respondents purposively selected through a snowball sampling for in-depth interviews. The findings present the justifications provided for the practice of FGM, and victims’ perceptions of how it affects their sexual relations. Furthermore, it highlights coping strategies employed by affected women and their spouses. The study shows that the disabling consequence of FGM is largely sexual in nature, leading to traumatic experiences and negative beliefs about sex, and requiring a myriad of coping strategies employed by the disabled women, and their spouses, which may have its own implications for marital and sexual bliss.
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    Religion and Social Control in Nigeria:The Rise and Rise of Secularization and Fanaticism
    (Department of Sociology,University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria., 2015) Owojuyigbe,; Busari, A.M; Dauda
    Religion as well as its institutions in every society has always played a pivotal role in the maintenance of social order and control, as well as fostered social change, disorder, deviance, social death and re-birth. this paper focuses on the dynamic nature of the relationship between religion and social control; it argues that whilst religion might be functional, many a part of it is not, especially taking into consideration the issues of religious violence, and other critical social issues. It further discusses the rise of secularization and fanaticism as two polar ends in the religious discourse while advancing its explanation for the topsy-turvy relationship between religion (and its constituent phenomena of secularization and fanaticism) and social control particularly in the light of the Nigerian social situation. It concludes that the influence of religion rather than waning has increased, alongside its secularization and fanaticism.
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    The significance of failed election in 1993 for Nigeria’s democratic development
    (2017-08) Johnson, I. A.
    Election plays a vital role in a system of representative democracy. In Nigeria, the history of elections has been a chequered one. From 1964,1979 to 1983 elections in Nigeria, experience shows that the country failed to conduct credible elections which will move the country to a higher rung on the democratization ladder. Thus, successive elections in Nigeria lacked the essential ingredients of democratic electoral processes. However, the June 12 1993 Presidential election remains a watershed in the history of elections in the country. The election was adjudged the most peaceful, and the freest in Nigeria’s post-independence political history. The results of the election were not released by the military government with no justifiable reason. All domestic pressures to make the military allow the winner, M.K.O. Abiola assumed presidential office proved abortive. The 1993 presidential election explains the important roles of individuals, civil society organizations, opposition parties, and foreign countries in terminating authoritarian regime in Nigeria. The paper posits that the June 12 1993 presidential election was very significant for three obvious reasons. First, it allowed Nigeria to slightly conform to the global norm of democracy. Secondly, Nigeria became an encouragement for other countries in Africa in returning to democratic rule. Thirdly, Nigerians were more enlightened to reject any government coming ”to power through military coup. Arising from the foregoing, the paper concludes with some recommendations on how to consolidate democracy in Nigeria
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    Spatial association between environmental noise levels and occurrence of children hearing impairments in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria
    (2015) Oguntoke, O.; Olatinwo, M.; Taiwo, O. J.
    Reports in the past few decades indicate that Nigerian cities have high noise levels that is claimed to impact the health of residents negatively. The present article therefore examine the relationship between levels of environmental noise in selected residential areas in Ibadan metropolis with varying reported cases of hearing impairments (HI). Data on cases of HI were collected from one hospital; noise monitoring was conducted with the aid of a noise level meter while copies of questionnaire were administered to residents to elicit information on public perception. The distribution of reported cases of HI among residential areas in Ibadan city showed varying magnitude (p < 0.001). About 75 % of children diagnosed with HI cases were within ages of 4-12 and female children suffered more (53.9 %). Sensorineural and conductive impairments accounted for 88.2 % of all reported HI cases. Monitored noise levels vary significantly among the selected residential area at each of morning, after-noon and evening (p < 0.05). Noise levels at morning and evening showed significant correlation with cases of HI reported at each of the 10 selected residential areas (r = 0.81; 0.82). Regression analysis showed that noise level explained 70.1 % of the spatial pattern of HI cases. Residents indicated that their neighbourhoods were noisy, that noise levels were on the increase and that ceremonies and generator use were major sources of noise. An integrated strategy for noise control is urgently required to stem the tide of noise pollution so as to safeguard human health in Nigerian cities.
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    Geograpic information systems in determining road traffic crash analysis in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (2014-09) Rukewe, A.; Taiwo, O. J.; Fatiregun, A. A.; Afuwape, O. O.; Alonge, T. O.
    Background: Road traffic accidents are frequent in this environment, hence the need to determine the place of geographic information systems in the documentation of road traffic accidents. Aim & Objectives: To investigate and document the variations in crash frequencies by types and across different road types in Ibadan, Nigeria. Materials & Methods: Road traffic accident data between January and June 2011 were obtained from the University College Hospital Emergency Department's trauma registry. All the traffic accidents were categorized into motor vehicular, motorbike and pedestrian crashes. Georeferencing of accident locations mentioned by patients was done using a combination of Google Earth and ArcGIS software. Nearest neighbor statistic, Moran's-I, Getis-Ord statistics, Student T-test, and ANOVA were used in investigating the spatial dynamics in crashes. Results: Out of 600 locations recorded, 492 (82.0%) locations were correctly georeferenced. Crashes were clustered in space with motorbike crashes showing greatest clustering. There was significant difference in crashes between dual and non-dual carriage roads (P = 0.0001), but none between the inner city and the periphery (p = 0.115). However, significant variations also exist among the three categories analyzed (p = 0.004) and across the eleven Local Government Areas (P = 0.017). Conclusion: This study showed that the use of Geographic Information System can help in understanding variations in road traffic accident occurrence, while at the same time identifying locations and neighborhoods with unusually higher accidents frequency.
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    The August 2011 flood in Ibadan, Nigeria: anthropogenic causes and consequences
    (Springer, 2012) Agbola, B. S.; Ajayi, O.; Taiwo, O. J.; Wahab, B. W.
    Determining when and where flood strikes can be a daunting task. Apart from heavy and prolonged rainfalls and river overflows, there are anthropogenic causal factors of flooding. These anthropogenic factors are significantly variable and exacerbate floods, but may be difficult to measure. This study aims to unravel some of the anthropogenic factors, particularly with respect to their contributions to the flood in Ibadan City on 26 August 2011. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and key informant interviews. The August 2011 Ibadan flood was perhaps the worst in the history of this ancient city. Twelve anthropogenic factors are broadly identified as having contributed to the flood and the flood had five major consequences. Some policy implications that can help prevent future flood occurrence are outlined.
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    Effect of land use, time of day and vehicle type on seat belt use in Lagos, Nigeria
    (2012-03) Akinyemi, Y. C.; Taiwo, O. J.; Osayomi, T.; Olaniran, H. D.
    The seat belt has been proven to be effective in the reduction of traffic injuries and deaths. Despite the efficacy and strict enforcement of legislation, it has been frequently underutilized in many countries including Nigeria.The aim of this study was to investigate the seat belt use rate, and determine the effect of land use types, vehicle types and time of day on observed rates in a local government area of Lagos state, Nigeria. A two-day cross-section observational survey was conducted in three observation points, The use rates by land use type, time of day and vehicle type were observed. A total of 40,753 vehicles were evaluated. In general, 43.1 percent of drivers observed used the seat belt. The highest seat belt compliance rate was observed in the residential sector (55.8%), among private cars (65.1%), and between 1.00pm and 4.00pm (44.8%). The chi-square analysis confirmed significant differences in seat belt use across three land use types (X2=609.72, p = 0.001), vehicle types (X2= 11780.31; p = 0.001) and time of day (X2- 59.86; p= 0.001). More seat belt education and stricter enforcement of the seat belt regulation were suggested to raise the level of seat belt use in concerned areas, vehicle types and at the affected time intervals.
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    Perceived causes, exposures and adjustments to seasonal heat in different residential areas in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (Springer, 2012) Taiwo, O. J.; Olaniran, H. D.; Osayomi, T.
    Local perception can be an important resource for assessing and managing climate-related extremes and identifying adjustment strategies unique to specific settings. The objectives of the study are two-fold. Firstly, it examined the perceived causes, exposures and adjustments to seasonal heat events using different residential density areas of Ibadan, Nigeria, as spatial units of analysis. Secondly, it investigated the relationship between heat exposure, built environment, socio-economic and cultural factors. Results show that intense heat from the sun, climate change and absence of rains, among others, was identified as perceived causes. Number of electricity hours, distance from water supply points and the number of neighborhood trees were listed as the three most important factors affecting heat exposure. In addition, there were considerable variations in the perceived causes (F = 4.86, p<0.05), in exposures (F = 3.61, p<0.05), and in adjustments to seasonal heat (F = 8.75, p<0.05) across different residential density areas in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study demonstrates that local knowledge based on the perceptions, exposures and adjustments to seasonal heat waves has the potential in some cases to provide valid inputs into vulnerability and adaptation assessments.