FACULTY OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
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Item Sex as a Weapon of Violence: An Examination of thè Phenomenon of domestic violence against Men in Ibandan, Nigeria(2017) Dauda,B; Ajao,Ie of domestic violence, its forms and thè effects on men to the effect of spousal abuse, it also explored thè weapons adopted by women to abuse their partners. The study found that sex is a major weapon use by women to abuse men among many others. An abusive woman may also kick, bite, punch, bit, hit or even destroy properties at home, attack while husband is sleeping to make up for their seemingly difference in physical strength. The study recommends that more advocacies should be encouraged to guide against abuse of partners by both genders.Item Job satisfaction and gender differences in university employees' attitude toward labour union(2014-06) Ekore, J. O.University labour unions are seen as powerful in Nigeria. Most of the industrial actions they embark upon on behalf of members have successfully brought about improvement on members conditions of service. But what is rarely understood is the university employees' attitude toward their unions and the possible roles played by individual and job factors. The study involved a survey design with sample size of 240 purposively drawn from staff members in the three main unions at the Univers ity of Ibadan. Results showed that female staff have more favourable attitude toward unions than their male counterparts. Similarly, those who indicated higher level of job satisfaction also reported more favourable attitude toward unions. Finally, the non-academic members of staff showed more favourable attitude toward their union than the academic staff. It was concluded that female members of staff, those higher on job satisfaction, and non-academic members of staff have more favourable attitude toward labour union. A major implication is that apart from the non-academic staff members being more cohesive, labour unions can promote their effectiveness by having females take up leadership positions. It was therefore concluded that there is the need to encourage females to take up leadership positions in university labour unions, while the academic staff union also need to learn from its non-academic counterpart on strategies for building cohesion among members which results in favourable attitude toward their union. Despite the major contribution in providing insight to attitude toward university's labour unions, future studies in the area should be encouraged to broaden the scope in order to enhance generalization of findingsItem Gender differences and entrepreneurial factors in psychological adjustment during organizational restructuring(2014) Ekore, J. O.Typically, organizational restructuring come with change and the challenge of what to do when there is job loss. This can impact psychological well-being for both male and female employees. Hence, the study with a sample of 496 [233 (46.9%) males and 263 (53.1%) females]. Their mean age was 39.1 years (sd=10.31). Questionnaires were used for data collection. Two hypotheses were tested with ‘Pearson r’ and t-test. Results showed positive and significant correlation between entrepreneurial factors and psychological adjustment: Entrepreneurial role models (r = 0.28, df = 494, p<.001); promotion of entrepreneurship (r= 0.11, df=494, p<.05); entrepreneurial readiness (r= 0.11, df= 494, p<.05); and subjective norms (r= 0.16, df= 494, p<.05). Gender differences was found in psychological well-being (t = 24.7; df = 494; p<.001). Males (Ẋ=13.30) significantly differ from females ( Ẋ= 7.94) on psychological adjustment. Entrepreneurial factors showed positive relationship with psychological well-being. Gender was also important. Findings implied that the factors are relevant in employees’ psychological adjustment during organization restructuring. Therefore, in preparing workforce for exercise leading to job-loss, organizations need to consider these factors as important in their staff exit/ lay-off sensitization training. This would help them to cope with the change associated with restructuring.Item An African perspective on gender and adjustment issues in firms' entrepreneurial orientation(2011-06) Ekore, J. O.The paper reviewed earlier attempts that consider female and males on entrepreneurial development. A specific contextual difference in their reaction to cultural expectations in organizational practices and entrepreneurial traits was considered from African perspective which has not enjoyed much attention in entrepreneurial adjustment discussions. The paper revealed that certain cultural practices reinforced by stereotype largely determine the difference between male and females' adjustment to a firm's entrepreneurial orientation. This necessitated the proposition that men and-women would differ in their adjustment to the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation, especially in an African country. A major conclusion reported in the paper is that any firm that seek to promote entrepreneurial orientation need to consider the employees adjustment as an important variableItem Influence of sex-role expectations on perceived work performance among employees in multinational corporations in Nigeria(Kamla-RaJ, Delhi, 2007) Ekore, J. O.The study, which adopted ex post facto research design, investigated the influence of sex role expectations on perceived work performance. A total of three hundred (309) employees were drawn from two multinational corporations in Nigeria. In all, two hundred and five (205) were males representing 66.6%, while the remaining one hundred and nine (109) were females representing 33.7% of the total participants. Their age ranged between 19-58 yrs with a mean age of 31.40 yrs (S.D = 7.03). Two hypotheses were tested in the course of the study. The result obtained revealed that there was a significant difference between employees high on male expected characteristics and those low on male expected characteristics on perceived work performance, (t(2, 294,) = 2.339 ;P<.05). However there was no significant differences between employees form Procter and Gamble and those from Fan Milk on perceived work performance, (t(2, 294,) = 1.517 ; P >.05). Based on the outcome of the results obtained, conclusions were drawn and recommendations made with emphasis on the importance of employees’ characteristics in selection and placement in organizationsItem GENDER AND GOVERNANCE OF THE REINTEGRATION OF RETURNEE REFUGEE WOMEN IN LIBERIA(2011-08) YACOB-HALISO, O.Studies indicated that women and men experience conflict, displacement and return differently. In post-war contexts, gender aspects of returnee reintegration have however not been adequately addressed by researchers and policy makers. This study, therefore, examined the gender aspects of the governance of reintegration of returnee refugee Liberian women. It identified the challenges and factors affecting reintegration. Qualitative methods of data collection were employed. One hundred in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with men and women purposively selected from five of Liberia's fifteen administrative counties, comprising both rural and semi-urban areas. Participants included stakeholders in the governance of returnee refugee reintegration such as government officials, representatives of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), donor agencies and returnee refugees. The IDIs were supplemented with six focus group discussions with returnee women and men, and documentary review. Reliability and validity were achieved by triangulation, inter-observer reliability and respondent validation. The data collected were subjected to content analysis. The governance of the reintegration of returnee refugees involved a combination of governmental agencies and NGOs with severe problems of coordination. The Liberian Refugee Repatriation and Resettlement Commission and the Ministry of Gender and Development were not able to provide the enabling condition for returnee safety and dignity. These agencies were very weak in coordinating the activities of NGOs or mobilizing funds as they suffered from fund shortages and skill capacity deficits. Returnee refugees experienced great economic hardships, particularly with respect to access to livelihood and basic amenities such as water, healthcare and education. Consequently, there were constant backflows. Saddled with domestic responsibilities, and challenged by stayee resentments, sexual exploitation, molestation of their children and spousal abandonment, women lacked time and requisite skills to search for and secure jobs. Most of the women were unable to provide documentation to back up claims of ownership of property and were therefore disadvantaged in the midst of widespread tension over land ownership. Women returnee refugees that enjoyed extended family support had greater sense of security and safety than those without such support. Organisations such as the Women of Liberia Peace Network and the Liberian Agency for Community Empowerment mobilized women to participate in national elections and got them involved in various community and economic empowerment projects. Other issues that affected the reintegration process included limited knowledge of the security and legal system, poor implementation of the changes made in the inheritance and rape laws, the top-down approach supported by donors which limited the opportunities available to women, and the non-use of returnee skills transfer. The reintegration of returnee refugee women in Liberia was gender biased, determined by the differential effects of the cultural and social contexts on women and men. Although efforts have been made to empower women, the social division of labour and the limited opportunities for women advancement threaten the success, balance and sustainability of reintegration. It is recommended that government and donor agencies involve returnee women in reintegration policy formulation, and promote synergy between organisations working for short-term reintegration, and those working for long-term development in Liberia.