FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Item Surgical asepsis(Ibadan University Press, 2014) Eyarefe, O. D.Item Ano-rectal malformations in pigs: a report of a striking case in an eight-week-old piglet (a case report)(2011) Eyarefe, O. D.; Abiola, J. O.; Oguntoye, C. O.; Ayoade, G. O.Anorectal malformations are rare congenital disorders in animals. In swine, atresia ani occurs with an incidence of 0.1—1.0 % and it is the most important cause of intestinal obstruction in that species. This paper reports a striking case of atresia ani et recti in an eightweek- old piglet. The surgical management and preventive measures are discussedItem Morbidity in Nigerian local cats after ileocolic valve or ileocolic valve and ileal resection(2011) Eyarefe, O. D.; Akinrinmade, J. F; Wojuoia, O. A.The morbidity of excision of the ileocolic valve (Group A), and the ileocolic valve with thirty percent (30%) distal ileal segments (Group B) were evaluated and compared in six adult local cats anaesthesized with xylazine (0.4 mg/kg) and ketamine hydrochloride (22 mg/kg). A non-significant fall (P>0.05) in the haemogram (PCV, Hb, RBC, and WBC), total serum proteins (albumin and globulin) and body weights were recorded among cats in groups A and B, following six weeks of post-operative monitoring. Samples of feces from both groups were non-bloody, non-mucoid and have normal to soft consistency with evidence of improvement over time. The improvement in fecal consistency, body weight and haematological picture over the period of post-operative management was adjudged to be consistent with adaptive changes in the residual intestinal segments. The observed clinical features are discussed in relation with those of massive intestinal resection in cats, dogs and humans. It was concluded that ileocolic valve resection produced little or no detrimental effects on bowel functions of local cats, and local cats could tolerate ileocolic valve with thirty percent (30%) distal ileal resection provided the proximal intestinal segments are intactItem Managing a necrotic limb of african dwarf crocodile (osteolaemus tetraspis) in Ibadan zoological garden: a case report(2012) Eyarefe, O. D.; Oguntoye, C. O.; Omobowale, T. O.Item Managing bite wounds in male a Mona monkey (cercopithecus mona)(2012) Eyarefe, O. D.; Oguntoye, C.O.This paper reports on the management of bite wounds inflicted on an adult male mona monkey by two other males in an attempt to mate the only female in the group. The deep laceration wounds which were at the left cranial thoracic and left caudal abdominal walls, the lateral aspect of the right thigh, the planter surface of the right fore limb and the right triceps muscle were managed with honey incorporated bandage dressings and delayed primary closure with sutures. The unique wound management procedure especially in wild life species,as well as the need to prevent group fight among wild life species in captivity especially mona monkeys through understanding of their social interactive structure formed the objectives of this report. Information acquisition by Zoo Veterinarians and managers, on social interaction among wild life species could help in preventing injuries, reducing cost of zoo animal keeping and conserving the few wild species presently available in our zoological gardens and game reservesItem Retrospective Study of Prevalence and Pattern of Surgical Conditions Presented at the Ashanti Regional Veterinary Clinic, Kumasi, Ghana(IDOSI Publications, 2014) Eyarefe, O. D.; Dei, D.Case records of animal patients presented for surgery at the Ashanti regional veterinary clinic, Kumasi, Ghana, within a seven year (1997-2013) period were studied for surgical disease prevalence and pattern among animal species. The age, sex and breeds, as well as, quarterly distribution of surgical cases were also evaluated. A gradual increase in numbers and types of surgical conditions were observed across the years studied, with the least prevalence in 2007 (2.6%) and the highest in 2013 (29.2%).Wounds /trauma cases were highest (41.0%) and vaginal prolapse least (0.1%) among surgical cases managed. Most surgical conditions were in canine species (96.0%), while the rest (3.8%) were in feline (2.4%), equine (0.5%), caprine (0.4%) and ovine (0.4%) species. Among the twenty–one dog breeds presented for surgical management, the local breed (mongrel) had the highest occurrence (40.2%) of surgical conditions, while the poodle (0.1%), Daschund (0.1%) and Labrador (0.1%) had the least. Male dogs (57%) were presented more for surgery than females (35%). Also, younger dogs (57%) had more surgeries than adult dogs (35%). Most surgical cases were presented in the fourth quarter (October–December) (31.4%) and the least in the second quarter (April –June) (18.5%). The implications of the data to regional, national and global planning and training of Veterinarians on animal surgical disease management were discussedItem Evaluation of canine dental health problems in Ibadan, Nigeria(2014-09) Eyarefe, O. D.; Oni, A.F.; Emikpe, B.O.Clinical evaluation for Dental Disease Conditions (DDC) in companion animals is an integral aspect of routine dental health care procedure in veterinary practice which often is less practice in Nigeria. This study evaluated the occurrence of DDC and possible inciting causes with a focus of providing a meaningful basis for canine dental health care in Nigeria. Fifty-seven dogs (30 males and 27 females) made up of 10 different breeds and presented at 3 major Veterinary Hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria were assessed for periodontal disease (PD), dental calculus (DC), dental abrasion (DA) and their association with other systemic diseases using Dental probe, Glucometer, Urinalysis strip and PD survey questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation at > 0.05 level of significance. The prevalence of PD was the highest (82.46%) while DC was 80.70% and DA, 57.89%. PD was observed to be more common in male (83.33%) dogs, while calculus formation and dental attrition were more common in female dogs. The incidence and severity of dental disease conditions increased with age. There was a positive correlation (p=0.04) between PD and DC and between DC and DA (p=0.00). The order of nutritional inciting cause of PD, DC and DA is compounded food > home food > waste from eateries. This investigation showed a high incidence of DDC in dogs with no dental health care and nutrition could be an inciting cause. This showed that there is need for patients’ dental health care in veterinary practice in NigeriaItem Pet owners’ perception and satisfaction of surgery services and outcomes at the ashanti regional veterinary clinic, Kumasi, Ghana(2015-01) Eyarefe, O. D.; Emikpe, B.; Dei, D.Aim: To study pet owners’ perception of surgery services and client satisfaction in Ghana in order to improve the quality of surgery services. Method: Self-administered questionnaires were administered to owners of pets that were presented for surgery at the Ashanti Region Veterinary Clinic (ARVC). Data generated were presented in percentages with their standard error of means. Result: 80% of the respondents were satisfied with the cost of surgical management, while 92% were satisfied with doctors’ staff attitude. Conclusion: The study revealed an overall client satisfaction of veterinary surgical services at the ARVC however surgeon–client communication need to be improved with respect to knowledge of surgical procedure prior to surgery. Periodic evaluation of veterinary services by service consumers should be encouraged to facilitate service improvement toward better animal healthcare delivery in GhanaItem Effects of varying doses of tramadol on ketamine anaesthesia for laparocaecectomy in layer chickens(Academic Journals, 2015-12) Eyarefe, O. D.; Oguntoye, C. O.The effects of a high ketamine dose (15 mg/kg) and a low ketamine dose (10 mg/kg) combined with two separate doses of tramadol (10 and 5 mg/kg) were studied in chickens. Seventeen layer chickens (Isa brown breed) presented for laparo-cecectomy associated with feed trials were randomized into Ketamine-Lignocaine (KL) group (15 mg/kg ketamine)- 5 chickens, Tramadol-Ketamine-Lignocaine (TKL) group (10 mg ketamine plus 5 mg/kg tramadol)- 5 chickens and Tramadol-2-Ketamine-Lignocaine (TTKL) group (10 mg ketamine plus 10 mg/kg tramadol)- 7 chickens. All chickens had 2% lignocaine incision site infiltration to provide additional analgesia. Onset of drug action (OAN), Duration of recumbency (DR), heart rates (HR), respiratory rates (RR) and cloacal temperature (CT) were evaluated as anaesthetic monitoring indices. The trend for OAN was KL (3.3±0.4 min) >TKL group (4.0±3.0 min) > TTKL group (8.2±2.5 min). DR was KL group (110.3±20.8 min) > TTKL group (81.2±5.5 min) > TKL group (62.6±4.7 min). The mean variation of pre-anaesthetic and anaesthetic values of HR was not significant, although the KL group had the lowest HR. Observed fall in RR with TTKL < TKL< KL was not significant (P>0.05) among the groups. A statistically none significant (P>0.05), none life threatening fall in temperature was also observed among the groups. In the absence of inhalatory anaesthesia, 10 mg/kg ketamine combined with tramadol (5-10 mg/kg) and lignocaine infiltration may be a preferred anaesthetic protocol for non-protracted surgical procedures in chickensItem Healing potentials of oral moringa oleifera leaves extract and tetracycline on methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus infected wounds of wistar rats(Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2015) Eyarefe, O. D.; Idowu, A.; Afolabi, J. M.Summary: The effects of oral dose of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera and tetracycline antibiotics on cutaneous wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus were studied in eighteen adult wistar rats (159±31.5g) randomized into three groups: Group A, n = 6, Moringa oleifera-(300 mg/kg). Group B, n = 6, tetracycline (9.4 mg/kg) and Group C, n = 6, Sterile water (control). Six millimetres diameter nape wound, created on each rat under 2% xylazine (5 mg/kg) and 5% ketamine (35 mg/kg), was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (108 Colony Forming Unit (CFU). Following infection, treatment was commenced with daily oral dose of test preparations and the wounds were evaluated every other day i.e., day 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 for wetness (wound exudation), wound edge oedema, hyperaemia, granulation tissues and contraction (diameter). Severe wound exudation existed in all the groups between days 0-3 (p = 1.00). A significantly less (p<0.05) wound exudation was observed at days 3-5 (p = 0.000) and 5-9 (p = 0.003) (Control< Tetracycline Moringa> Tetracycline). Differences in wound diameter was not significant except at days 5-9 (p = 0.013) (Control> Moringa >Tetracycline). Oral doses of Moringa oleifera extract (300mg/kg) and tetracycline (9.4mg/kg) are not effective as antimicrobial or immune-boosting agents to enhance healing of wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus and hence not recommended for rapid clearance of Staphylococcus aureus infected wounds