FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Item Sodium arsenite induced reproductive perturbations in wistar strain albino rats: protective assessment of Cassia fistula(2017) Ola-Davies, O.; Oloye, A.; Adeoye, A.Arsenic is a naturally occurring ubiquitous toxic compound. This study investigated the possible sperm protective potential of leaf extract of Cassia fistula Linn (Fabaceae) against sodium arsenite induced reproductive damage reflected as reduced sperm motility, livability and concentration. Sixty-four adult male wistar rats (180 to 220g) were used. The rats were separated into 8 groups (A-H) of eight rats each treated for 60days with 0.2ml corn oil (A), 2.5 mg/kg 1 body weight sodium arsenite (SA) (B), pre-administered 100mg/kg-1 Cassia fistula and 2.5mg/kg-1 SA (C), 100mg/kg-1 Cassia fistula (D). pre-administered 200mg/kg-1 Cassia fistula and 2.5mg/kg-1 SA (E). 200mg/kg-l Cassia fistula (F). pre- administered 300mg/kg-1 Cassiafistula and 2.5mg/kg 1 SA (G), 300mg/kg-1 Cassia fistula (H). Phvtochemical screening of Cassia fistula extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardenolides, tannins, saponins, phenols and steroids. Group G rats had a significant (P<0.05) decrease mean right testicular weight compared to the rest of the groups. There was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in sperm motility of groups B, C, E, G and H compared to groups A, D and F rats. The mean sperm count obtained across the groups also followed similar trend. Arsenic exposure led to a significant increase in sperm abnormalities and testicular damage evidenced by vacuolation of secondary spermatocytes, loss of spermiogenic epithelium. In conclusion. Cassiafistula at a dose of 100mg.kg-1 was found to attenuate Arsenic-induced testicular damage and sperm abnormalities. Cassia, fistula may therefore represent a potential therapeutic option to protect testicular tissues against arsenic intoxication.Item Effects of ageratum conyzoides on semen characteristics and sperm morphology in rats exposed to sodium arsenite(Biomedical Communications Group, Ibadan, 2016-01) Ola-Davies, O.; Ajani, O. S.Arsenite is a major environmental toxicant that is well known to cause reproductive injury. The sperm protective potential of Ageratum conyzoides Linn in arsenic-treated rats was carried out in this study taking advantage of the antioxidant constituents and its androgenic activities. Twenty-four male albino rats aged 16 weeks, weighing 225 to 228g were used. They were grouped into 4(A-Da) with each group containing 6 rats. Group A was orally treated with 100mg/kg ethanol leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides L., daily for 14 days, group B (single oral dose of sodium arsenite 2.5 mg/kg body weight), C (Ageratum conyzoides extract daily for 14 days and sodium arsenite (SA) given on the 14th day) and group D (Propylene glycol as negative control). It was observed that group B had a lower (p<0.05) percentage motility (26.7±6.67%) when compared across the groups while group A had a significantly higher (p<0.05) mean value (63.3±3.33%). The sperm motility of rats in group D was significantly higher (p<0.05) than groups B and C. This implies that A. conyzoides extract had no adverse effect on the sperm motility of the rats and also ameliorates the adverse effect of arsenite on sperm motility. The mean value obtained for sperm liveability, semen volume and Sperm concentration followed a similar pattern although, the differences were not significant (p>0.05) for semen volume and the Sperm concentration of rats across the groups. The total sperm abnormality obtained across the groups ranges between 10.44 and 14.27% with group B treated with sodium arsenite (SA) having the highest value when compared with groups A and D, although, the differences were not significant (P>0.05). The study concluded that ethanol leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides has no negative effect on sperm motility, liveability characteristics and morphology and also protected spermatozoa against arsenic reproductive toxicity in Wistar strain albino rats.Item Semen characteristics and sperm morphology of pistia stratiotes linn. (araceae) protected male albino rats (wistar strain) exposed to sodium arsenite(De Gruyter, 2016) Ola-Davies, O.; Ajani, O. S .Background: Sodium arsenite has been proven to be abundant in nature and released into the environment through human activities, including agricultural and industrial processes. The objective of our study was to investigate the sperm protective potential of Pistia stratiotes Linn. in arsenic-treated rats. Methods: The sperm protective potential of P. Stratiotes Linn. (Araceae) was carried out in arsenic-exposed rats using 24 male albino rats (225 to 228 g) aged between 14 and 16 weeks old. They were grouped into 4 (A–D), each group containing 6 rats. Group A animals were orally treated with 100 mg/kg ethanol leaf extract of P. Stratiotes Linn. daily for 14 days; group B (sodium arsenite at 2.5 mg/kg body weight; positive control); group C (P. stratiotes extract for 14 days and single dose of sodium arsenite on day 14; group D (0.1mL propylene glycol; negative control/vehicle). Results: Group B had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) percentage sperm motility (26.7 ± 6.67%) while group A had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean value (63.3 ± 3.33%) when compared across the groups. The sperm motility of rats in group D was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than groups B and C. This implies that P. stratiotes extract had no adverse effect on sperm motility. The presence of P. stratiotes with sodium arsenite alleviated its harmful effect on sperm motility. The mean value obtained for sperm viability, semen volume and sperm count followed a similar pattern although the difference was not significant (p > 0.05) for semen volume and the sperm count of rats across the groups. Total sperm abnormality was 10.44 and 14.27% with the sodium arsenite treated group having the highest value when compared with groups A treated with P. stratiotes extract and D treated with propylene, although the differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The study concluded that ethanol leaf extract of P. stratiotes has no negative effect on sperm motility, viability and morphology and also protected spermatozoa against arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity in Wistar strain albino rats. Therefore, it may play an important role in the protection of populations with chronic sodium arsenite exposure.Item Testicular and epididymal parameters of spondias mombin L. (anacardiaceae) protected male wistar rats exposed to sodium arsenite(IDOSI Publications, 2014) Ola-Davies, O.; Ajani, O. S.; Oyeyemi, M. O.; Ekundayo, S.The testicular and epididymal protective potential of Spondias mombin. L in arsenic-treated rats was carried out. Thirty-five male albino rats (225-228g) were used and grouped into 7 (A to G), each group containing 5 rats. Group A was treated with 0.1ml Dimethysulphoxide (DMSO), B (0.1ml of Distilled water), C (Sodium arsenite; SA-2.5mg/kg body weight), D (Ethylacetate fraction), E (Ethylacetate fraction for 7 days and Sodium arsenite the 7th day), F (Methanolic fraction for 7days and Sodium arsenite the 7th day) and G (Methanolic fraction for 7 days). The results showed significant decrease (P>0.05) in the mean value of both the right and left testes length for group C (treated with Sodium arsenite only) compared to the remaining groups. It was also observed that Group G (treated with Methanolic fraction) had the lowest mean value (P>0.05) for the left and right testes weight and the left and right testicular diameter when compared to other groups. It was also observed that Group G (treated with Methanolic fraction) had the lowest mean values for all the epididymal parameters in this study. There was a significant decrease in the mean value of left epididymal weight, right and left epididymal length of group G compared to group B (treated with distilled water) and group A (treated with DMSO). It was concluded that the Methanolic fraction of Spondias mombin. L has no protective effect on the male albino rats exposed to sodium arsenite as it caused a reduction in epididymal parameters and testicular weight and diameter which may trigger testicular degeneration leading to infertility.Item Spermatozoa morphology and characteristics of spondias mombin L. (anacardiaceae) protected male Wistar rats exposed to sodium arsenite(Academic Journals, 2014-02) Ola-Davies, O.; Ajani, O. S.; Oyeyemi, M. O.The sperm protective potential of Spondias mombin L in arsenic-treated rats was carried out. Thirty-five male albino rats (225 to 228 g) were used and grouped into 7 (A to G), each group containing 5 rats. Group A was treated with 0.1 ml dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), B (0.1 ml of distilled water), C (sodium arsenite (SA-2.5 mg/kg body weight), D (ethyl acetate fraction), E (ethyl acetate fraction for 7 days and sodium arsenite the 7th day), F (methanolic fraction for 7 days and sodium arsenite the 7th day) and G (methanolic fraction for 7 days). It was observed that groups G and E had the lowest percentage motility 25.00±15.00 and 38.00±13.90%, respectively which were significantly lower (P<0.05) than groups A and B (89.00±2.45 and 85.00±3.16%), respectively. Percentage motility of groups A to D was similar but higher (P<0.05) than groups E to G. The morphological characteristics ranged between 10.88 and 12.74% in all the groups. In this study, motility of the sperm cells in groups A to D and F were above 60%. This indicated that the sperm motility in these groups was not affected by the treatment. However, groups E and G showed a reduction in percentage motility and viability. The study concluded that S. mombin fractions did not affect sperm cells structurally but treatment with ethyl acetate and methanolic fraction caused significant reduction (P<0.05) in percentage motility and viability, thus may precipitate infertility.Item The toxic effects of the prolonged administration of chloramphenicol on the liver and kidney of rats(Biomedical Communications Group, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2000) Saba, A. B.; Ola-Davies, O.; Oyeyemi, M. O.; Ajala, O.The toxic effect of chloramphenicol on the liver and kidney was studied in laboratory Wistar rats. 16 adult rats of both sexes randomly divided into two groups were used. 10 animals in the test group were administered with chloramphenicol orally using rat cannula at human infant recommended dosage of 25mg/kg body weight given once daily for a period of 16 days. The 6 animals in the control group were only administered with 0.9% physiological saline orally over the same period of time. Serum enzymes and levels of serum bilirubin, urea, and creatinine were evaluated to establish any hepatic or renal dysfunction. There was statistically significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (P<0.05) and alanine aminotransferase (P<0.001) serum levels in the test animals. The increase in serum alkaline phosphatase was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Hyperbilirubinaemia was observed in the rat administered with chloramphenicol, the difference in the mean value of the test and control animals were significant for total and conjugated bilirubin. (Total bilirubin P<0.01; Conjugated bilirubin P<0.05). The average time taken to establish anaesthesia was shorter in the test animals than in animals in the control group, the difference in the mean values was significant (P<0.05). Serum urea and creatinine levels were elevated in the test animals, the increase is only statistically significant for serum urea (P<0.05) but not significant for creatinine (P>0.05). Histopathology revealed vascular congestion and foamy cytoplasm of hepatocytes at the centrilobular region of the liver but did not reveal any damage done to the renal tissue. It was concluded that chloramphenicol may not be nephrotoxic but may have toxic effects on the liver.Item Effects of trypanosomosis on some blood biochemical parameters in rabbits(1999-10) Ola-Davies, O.; Saba, A. B.; Ariyibi, A.; Akinboade, O. A.The effect of trypanosomosis on blood biochemical Parameters were studied in 20 New Zealand white rabbits of 6 to 7 months of age. Mean total protein and globulin levels in the infected rose significantly (P<0.05) while the mean albumin level decline in the same group simultaneously. Mean total plasma Cholesterol, trlglyceride concentration mean glutamate oxaloacelate transaminase (GOT) and the glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the infection group. The implications of these results are briefly discussed