FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Item Haematinic potencies of the aqueous crude extracts of ficus mucoso and senna occidentalis in rabbits(Ibadan Biomedical Communications Group, 2009) Adedapo, A. A.; Ayodele, A. E.; Ogunshe, A. A. O.; Oyeyemi, M. O.; Idowu, S. O.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Ademola, I. O.A total of 20 domestic rabbits divided into 4 groups of 5 animals per group were used in this study to assess the haematinic potencies of the aqueous crude extracts of Ficus mucoso and Senna occidentalis and this was then compared with that of a proprietary haematinic, Haematopan B12®. Group A animals (control) were not bled but those in groups B, C and D were bled to induce anaemia. Group B animals were treated with Haematopan B12®, a commercially prepared haematinic, and groups C and D were treated with the aqueous crude extracts of Senna occidentalis (Linn) Link and Ficus mucoso Welw. ex Ficalho respectively. The post-haemorrhage treatment haematologic values were obtained at given intervals (7 days) and compared with the pre-haemorrhagic values earlier obtained. The study showed that all the experimental animals showed accelerated recovery since these animals had excellent response in terms of white blood cell (WBC) and its differentials, red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Thus the extracts of Ficus mucoso and Senna occidentalis have comparative haematinic potencies as Haematopan B12®Item The reproductive implications of clomiphene citrate on sperm cells during the epididymal transit of spermatozoa in male wistar rats(2006) Oyeyemi, M. O.; Towobola, B. A.; Ola-Davies, O. E.The reproductive implications of Clomiphene citrate (CC) on male Wistar rats revealed the reactions of the rats to CC at different dosages (varied). Results revealed detrimental effects at a higher dosage. In the caput of the epididymidis, the mean percentage motility in group B Wistar rats (20.0 ±8.66) and group C Wistar rats (23.3 ±3.33) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than group A Wistar rats (42.0 ± 2.00). The drug did not influence the percentage livability of the spermatozoa in the caput epididymidis. In the corpus epididymis the mean percentage motility for groups A — C were 56.00 ±2.45, 25.56 ±7.50, 13.00 ±5.77, respectively. Group A value was significantly higher than those of groups B and C. The percentage livability was higher in-group A than B and C. The concentration of the spermatozoa was significantly higher in group A (78.25 ±6.97. 106) than groups B (53.75 ±1.89. 106), though this is not significantly different (P<0.05). These findings were discussed in relation to the significance of the drug as a fertility enhancer in infertile animals. The reproductive implications of the drug were studied in the epididymis of Wistar rats with no adverse effects when used at the recommended dose. The drug can therefore be used to boost the reproductive potential of infertile male animals.Item Anticlastogenic properties of methanolic extract of cnestis ferruginea leaves(Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria, 2006) Badmus, J. A.; Odunola, O. A.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Adisa, R. A.The inhibitory activity of methanolic extract of Cnestis ferruginea was investigated in hone marrow cells of mice using micronucleus assay. The mice were fed with the extracts at two different concentrations (100 and 200mg/kg body weight) white control mice were fed with corn oil for six days ad libitum. On the seventh day the mice were administered a single dose of sodium arsenile (2.5mg/kg) and sacrificed after 24hrs. Bone marrow smear were prepared for Observation of claslogenic effect. Results show micronuclei formation in the polychroniatic erythrocyte (PCEs) in the Sodium arsenite treated mice. Claslogenecity induced by sodium arsenile was significantly reduced in mice pretreated with the extract al 100mg/kg body weight while more significant reduction was noted at 200mg/kg body weight. The result indicates a dose dependent relationship of the inhibitory activity of the extract against sodium arsenile induced clastogenecity.Item Protection against 2-acetyl aminofluorene induced toxicity in mice by garlic (allium sativum), bitter kola (garcinia kola seed) and honey(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2005) Odunola, O. A.; Adetutu, A.; Olorunnisola, O. S.; Ola-Davies, O. E.The effects of honey (Ho) and aqueous suspensions of garlic (Allium sativum) (Ga) and bitter kola (Garcina kola seed) (Bi) on the toxicities induced by 2- acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) a model carcinogen, were investigated in mice. The animals were dosed for seven consecutive days with Ho, Ga and Bi as dietary Supplements. They were then challenged with a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of 2-AAF at 50mg/kg bd. wt on the seventh day. The degree of clastogenicity was assessed using the mouse micronucleus assay while liver damage was monitored by measüring the level of gamma glutamyltransferase (y-GT) in serum and liver homogenates respectively. The results revealed that 2-AAF induced micronuclei formation in the polychromatic Crythrocytes (PCEs) of the bone marrow by about five fold in comparison to the PCEs formed in control mice. Ho, Ga, and Bi also induced micronucleus formation on their own. However, feeding of any of Ho, Ga or Bi and the administration (i.p) of 2-AAF reduced significantly, the ability of 2-AAF to induce micronuclei formation in the Order Ho>Ga>Bi. Furthermore, 2-AAF induced y-GT activity in the serum and liver homogenate by about two and a half and three folds respectively. A combination of 2-AAF and any of GaorBi or Ho significantly decreased 2-AAF-induced activity of y-GT in the order Ho>Bi>Ga (serum) and Bi>Ga=Ho (liver). These findings suggest that honey, garlic and bitter kola protect against 2-AAF-induced y-GTactivity and micronuleated PCEs formation.Item Chemoprevention of aflatoxin B1-induced genotoxicity and hepatic oxidative damage in rats by kolaviron, a natural biflavonoid of garcinia kola seeds(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005) Farombi, E. O.; Adepoju, B. F.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Emerole, G. O.The chemopreventive effects of kolaviron, a natural antioxidant biflavonoid from the seeds of Garcinia kola, on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced genotoxicity and hepatic oxidative damage was investigated in rats. Kolavironmadministered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg once a day for the first 2 weeks and then 100 mg/kg twice a day for the last 4 weeks of AFB1 (2 mg/kg, single dose, intraperitoneal) treatment reduced the AFB1-increased activities of aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyltransferase (c-GT) by 62%, 56% and 72% respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and lipid hydroperoxide (LHP) accumulation were observed in the livers of AFB1-treated rats. Kolaviron significantly reduced the AFB1-induced MDA and LHP formation. Vitamins C and E were protective in reducing the increase in the activities of AST, ALT and c-GT as well as lipid peroxidation caused by AFB1 (P < 0.01). Administration of rats with kolaviron alone resulted in significant elevation in the activities of glutathione S-transferase, uridyl glucuronosyl transferase and NADH:quinone oxidoreductase by 2.45-, 1.62- and 1.38-folds respectively. In addition, kolaviron attenuated the AFB1-mediated decrease in the activities of these enzymes (P < 0.01). Pretreatment of rats with kolaviron, vitamins C and E alone did not exert genotoxicity assessed by the formation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) (P> 0.05). Co-treatment of rats intraperitoneally with kolaviron (500 mg/kg) 30 min before and 30 min after AFB1 (1 mg/kg) administration inhibited the induction of MNPCEs by AFB1 (P < 0.001) after 72 h. While vitamin C was effective in reducing AFB1- induced MNPCEs formation, vitamin E did not elicit any antigenotoxic response. These results indicate kolaviron as effective chemopreventive agent against AFB1-induced genotoxicity and hepatic oxidative stress. Thus kolaviron may qualify for clinical trial in combating the menace of aflatoxicosis in endemic areas of aflatoxin contamination of foods.Item Evaluation of valuation of toxicity profile of an alkaloidal fraction of the stem bark of picralima nitida (fam. apocynaceae)(The Haworth Press, Inc., 2004) Fakeye, T. O.; Awe, S. O.; Odelola, H. A.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Itiola, O. A.; Obajuluwa, T.Dermal and acute toxicity evaluation of the basic alkaloidal fraction of the stem bark of Picralima nitida, which has been shown to have pronounced activity against causative organisms of dermatomycosis in man, was carried out in animals. Acute intraperitoneal toxicity tests showed a dose-dependent toxicity. There was inflammation and necrosis of liver hepatocytes accompanied by reduction in neutrophilic count and a corresponding increase in lymphocytic count. There was no sign of reddening or irritation when applied into the eye conjunctiva. Dermal tests also showed that the fraction caused no sensitization, inflammation or death in the animal models used.Item Reduction of the clastogenic effect of inorganic arsenic by extracts of some dietary additives(Science Association of Nigeria, Sokoto, Nigeria, 2004) Odunola, O. A.; Ola-Davies, O. E.The clastogenic effects of aqueous' extracts of Garlic (Allium sativum.L) (Ga), African pepper (Xylopia aethiopica) (Ap), Bush pepper (Piper guincense) (Bp) and African nutmeg (Monodora myristica). (An) at 100mg/kg body weight each administered orally either alone and in combination with a single oral dose of sodium arsenite (2.5mg/kg body wciglit, 1/10th, of LD50) were investigated in mouse bone marrow cells. The results obtained show that Ga induced micronucleus formation in the polychromatic erytrocytcs (PCEs) of the bone marrow by about 12 folds followed by Bp (7 folds), Ap (4 folds) and An (1 fold) in comparison with animals exposed to distilled water only. These results indicate that Ga, Bp and Ap have mild clastogenic activity in micc. ln contrast, sodium arsenite, a known clastogen, induced micronuclcatcd PCEs formation by about 90 folds. Interestingly treatment of mice with extracts of the dietary additives Ga, Bp, Ap and An, markedly reduced the clastogenic activity of sodium arsenite in the order Ap > Ga > An > Bp. Maximum reduction of arsenite eftcct was about 60% with Bp. it may be concluded therefore from these findings that garlic, African pepper, bush pepper and African nutmeg may be useful in dietary manipulation of arsenic intoxications.Item Prevalence of Eimeria oocysts in West African dwarf goat at the University of Ibadan farm(Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2002) Ola-Davies, O. E.; Oyeyemi, M. O.; Saba, A. B.; Ajala, O. O.An outbreak of acute coccidiosis is reported in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats kept under semi- intensive management system at the University of Ibadan farm. During the period of the outbreak, clinical signs observed among the animal included anorexia, fever, coughing, ocular and nasal discharges and diarrhoea. Sixty nine out of eighty-five (85%) animals were scouring, 6 out of 20 (30%) pregnant does aborted, 8 out of 80 (10%) died through severe infection. Average oocyst counts was 2.73 x 10(5)/gram faeces in kids and 0.9 x 10(3)/gram faeces in adult goats. Eimeria species predominant in goats and percentage occurrence were E. arloingi (77.5%), E. ninakohlyakimovae (62.89%), E. hirci (58.6%). E. alijevi (39.5%). Areas of glandular degeneration and necrosis of epithelium of the small intenstine were seen. Also coccidia schizonts, immature oocysts, and neutrophilic infiltrations can be seen in the intestinal mucosa. The presence of pathogenic species of the Eimeria in WAD goats suggest that coccidiosis may be contributing to the enteric syndromes, poor feed conversion and low productivity.Item The effect of aqueous leaf extract of telfaria occidentalis on isolated guinea pig ileum(Biomedical Communications Group, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2001-01) Dina, O. A.; Saba, A. B.; Akhiromen, I. O.; Adedapo, A. A.; Ola-Davies, O. E.The effect of aqueous extract of Telfaria occidentalis was studied in vitro on the guinea pig ileum. The extract elicited a dose dependent contractions of the ileum. These responses were blocked by 5 x 10 M mepyramine and 5 x 10-M.atropine, suggesting that it has both histominergic and cholinergic properties. The usefulness of the plant as potent naturally available purgative is presented in this study.Item Effect of successive ejaculations on the spermiogram of West African dwarf goats (Capra hircus L.)(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 2000) Oyeyemi, M. O.; Akusu, M. O.; Ola-Davies, O. E.Twenty healthy adult male (bucks) West African dwarf goats (WADG) aged between 2 to 4 years and with a mass of from 16 to 20 kg were used in this study. They were randomly assigned into four groups of five bucks per group. In group A, semen was collected once a week for a period of eight weeks, while in group B semen was collected twice a week for a period of eight weeks, once a day for 21 days in group C, and twice daily at an interval of five hours for 21 days in group D. Live body masses, height at withers, scrotal length and scrotal circumference were not affected by successive ejaculations. The ejaculate volume decreased as the frequency of ejaculations increased, although the decrease was not significant (Group A 0.44±0.07, B 0.41±0.08, C 0.38±0.07 and D 0.36±0.08 ml) while the ejaculate colour was either milky or creamy. Mass sperm movement showed swirling waves and scored 4 in all groups, while the percentage progressive motility ranged between 88.7±3.10 and 94.54±3.00%. Percentage of live spermatozoa (Group A 96.57±2.40, B 96.24±2.53, C 96.10±2.28 and D 96.10±2.50%) was not affected by successive ejaculations although a decrease in sperm concentration was observed as the number of successive ejaculations increased. There was a significant increase (P<0.05) in abnormal spermatozoa as frequency of ejaculation increased.