FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Item Influence of atropine and loperamide on reduced intestinal transit induced by calotropis procera latex in rats(Ibadan Biomedical Communications Group, 2006-05) Eghianruwa, K. I.; Ogunleye, O. A.; Saba, A. B.; Famakinde, S. A.; Ola-Davies, E. O.; Abu, H. H.The effects of Calotropis procera latex alone and in the presence of loperamide and atropine on intestinal transit in rats were determined to elucidate the action of C. procera on intestinal transit. Six groups of rats containing ten rats per group were used. Each rat in the control group (I) received 0.5 ml of normal saline. Each rat in groups II, III, and IV received 0.25 ml/100 g, 0.5 ml/100g and 1.0 ml/100g of C. procera latex respectively. Thirty minutes before the administration of 0.25 ml of latex of C. procera, each rat in groups V and VI received 0.4 mg/100g atropine sulfate and 0.1 mg/100g loperamide hydrochloride respectively. Intestinal transit was measured in all animals by charcoal meal test and was expressed as the percentage of the distance traveled relative to the entire length of the intestine from the pyloric junction to the anal orifice. The mean transit point of the dye in the control group was 85.19 ± 8.51%. For Calotropis procera treated rats, the mean transit points were 68.47 ± 6.37%, 54.49 ± 6.67% and 25.06 ± 4.79% for 0.25 ml/100g, 0.5 ml/100g and 1.0 ml/100g of the latex respectively. The mean transit points in the groups pretreated with 0.4 mg/100 g atropine (Group V) and 0.1 mg/100 g loperamide (Group VI) were 55.29 ± 5.09% and 66.87 ± 6.20% respectively. The results showed that the latex of Calotropis procera inhibited intestinal motility and its action was potentiated by atropine and loperamide. This inhibitory action is contradictory to the observation of diarrhea in fed animals.Item Prevalence of Eimeria oocysts in West African dwarf goat at the University of Ibadan farm(Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2002) Ola-Davies, O. E.; Oyeyemi, M. O.; Saba, A. B.; Ajala, O. O.An outbreak of acute coccidiosis is reported in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats kept under semi- intensive management system at the University of Ibadan farm. During the period of the outbreak, clinical signs observed among the animal included anorexia, fever, coughing, ocular and nasal discharges and diarrhoea. Sixty nine out of eighty-five (85%) animals were scouring, 6 out of 20 (30%) pregnant does aborted, 8 out of 80 (10%) died through severe infection. Average oocyst counts was 2.73 x 10(5)/gram faeces in kids and 0.9 x 10(3)/gram faeces in adult goats. Eimeria species predominant in goats and percentage occurrence were E. arloingi (77.5%), E. ninakohlyakimovae (62.89%), E. hirci (58.6%). E. alijevi (39.5%). Areas of glandular degeneration and necrosis of epithelium of the small intenstine were seen. Also coccidia schizonts, immature oocysts, and neutrophilic infiltrations can be seen in the intestinal mucosa. The presence of pathogenic species of the Eimeria in WAD goats suggest that coccidiosis may be contributing to the enteric syndromes, poor feed conversion and low productivity.Item The effect of aqueous leaf extract of telfaria occidentalis on isolated guinea pig ileum(Biomedical Communications Group, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2001-01) Dina, O. A.; Saba, A. B.; Akhiromen, I. O.; Adedapo, A. A.; Ola-Davies, O. E.The effect of aqueous extract of Telfaria occidentalis was studied in vitro on the guinea pig ileum. The extract elicited a dose dependent contractions of the ileum. These responses were blocked by 5 x 10 M mepyramine and 5 x 10-M.atropine, suggesting that it has both histominergic and cholinergic properties. The usefulness of the plant as potent naturally available purgative is presented in this study.Item The toxic effects of the prolonged administration of chloramphenicol on the liver and kidney of rats(Biomedical Communications Group, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2000) Saba, A. B.; Ola-Davies, O.; Oyeyemi, M. O.; Ajala, O.The toxic effect of chloramphenicol on the liver and kidney was studied in laboratory Wistar rats. 16 adult rats of both sexes randomly divided into two groups were used. 10 animals in the test group were administered with chloramphenicol orally using rat cannula at human infant recommended dosage of 25mg/kg body weight given once daily for a period of 16 days. The 6 animals in the control group were only administered with 0.9% physiological saline orally over the same period of time. Serum enzymes and levels of serum bilirubin, urea, and creatinine were evaluated to establish any hepatic or renal dysfunction. There was statistically significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (P<0.05) and alanine aminotransferase (P<0.001) serum levels in the test animals. The increase in serum alkaline phosphatase was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Hyperbilirubinaemia was observed in the rat administered with chloramphenicol, the difference in the mean value of the test and control animals were significant for total and conjugated bilirubin. (Total bilirubin P<0.01; Conjugated bilirubin P<0.05). The average time taken to establish anaesthesia was shorter in the test animals than in animals in the control group, the difference in the mean values was significant (P<0.05). Serum urea and creatinine levels were elevated in the test animals, the increase is only statistically significant for serum urea (P<0.05) but not significant for creatinine (P>0.05). Histopathology revealed vascular congestion and foamy cytoplasm of hepatocytes at the centrilobular region of the liver but did not reveal any damage done to the renal tissue. It was concluded that chloramphenicol may not be nephrotoxic but may have toxic effects on the liver.Item Effects of melatonin on intestinal fluid absorption in the domestic chicken (gallus domesticus)(Biomedical Communications Group, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2000) Sanni, A. A.; Oke, O. A.; Saba, A. B.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Durotoye, L. A.Item Effects of trypanosomosis on some blood biochemical parameters in rabbits(1999-10) Ola-Davies, O.; Saba, A. B.; Ariyibi, A.; Akinboade, O. A.The effect of trypanosomosis on blood biochemical Parameters were studied in 20 New Zealand white rabbits of 6 to 7 months of age. Mean total protein and globulin levels in the infected rose significantly (P<0.05) while the mean albumin level decline in the same group simultaneously. Mean total plasma Cholesterol, trlglyceride concentration mean glutamate oxaloacelate transaminase (GOT) and the glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the infection group. The implications of these results are briefly discussedItem Studies on the serun electrolyte changes in trypanosome, congolense infected New Zealand white rabbits(1998-09) Ola-Davies, O. E.; Saba, A. B.