FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Item Geographical Information System (GIS) Mapping of Spatio-Temporal pollution status of Rivers in Ibadan, Nigeria(Asian Network for Soioniifio Information, 2008) Adeyemo, O. K.; Babalobi, O. O.More accurate spatio-temporal predictions of urban environment arc needed as a basis for assessing exposures as a part of environmental studies and to inform urban protection policy and management. In this study, an information system was developed to manage die physico-chemical pollution information of Ibadan river system. Oyo Slate, Southwest Nigeria. The study took into account die seasonal influences of point and non-point discharges on die levels of physico-chemical parameters. The overall sensitivity of the watershed to physicochemical environmental pollution revealed dial during dry season, of the 22 (100%) sample points, only 3(13.6%) were unpolluted, 6 (27.3%) were slightly polluted, 10 (45.4%) were moderately polluted. 2 (91%) were seriously polluted and 1 (4.5%) was exceptionally polluted During rainy season, 3 (13.6%) were unpolluted. 7 (31.8%) were slightly polluted, 9 (40.9%) were moderately polluted, 2 (9.1%) were seriously polluted and 1 (4.5%) was exceptionally polluted There is a considerable environmental risk associated with the present level of pollution of the Ibadan river water body on fish health and biodiversity This research provides a basis for aquatic management and assist in policy making at national and international levels Appropriate strategies for the control of point and non-point pollution sources, amendments and enforcement of legislation should be developed.Item Isolation of influenza A viruses from pigs in Ibadan,Nigeria(2009) Adeola, O. A.; Adeniji, J. A.; Olugasa, B. O.The authors investigated influenza virus types in pigs in Ibadan, a city in Oyo State, southwestern Nigeria. From April to June 2008, nasal swabs were collected from pigs at three locations in Ibadan. Influenza A viruses (four A [H1N1], two A [H3N2] and one A [H1N1]‐ A [H3N2] double reactant) were isolated from 7 of the 50 apparently healthy Landrace pigs tested. This study is the first documented isolation of swine influenza viruses in Nigeria and it reveals that different strains of influenza viruses co‐circulate in pigs in Ibadan. These pigs serve as reservoirs of different subtypes of influenza viruses and potential ‘mixing vessels’ in which genetic reassortment and the generation of future human pandemic strains could occur. These findings support the need for adequate and periodic surveillance among swine populations and pig handlers in Nigeria to detect circulating strains of influenza viruses. This would serve as an effective early warning system.Item Pattern of spread of African swine fever in south-western Nigeria, 1997-2005(2007) Olugasa, B. O.; Ijagbone, I. F.Geographic coordinates of selected pig farms with confirmed African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo and Oyo States were used to create spatial models of pig farms and ASF outbreaks in southwestern Nigeria between 1997 and 2005. The probability of ASF virus-free pigs remaining in a non-infected state when located at various distances from ASF virus infected pigs was estimated. Movement of infected stock was the most important means of spreading the virus. The estimated mean duration of clinical signs prior to death was 3.4 ± 1.1 days (mean ± standard deviation); the mean convalescent period was 16.3 ± 2.3 days and the mean period of survival after full recovery was 1 084 ± 145.1 days. The continuous presence of recovered pigs in the population enables virus spread through trade and breeding. There is an urgent need for the implementation of an ASF eradication programme in Nigeria.Item Effect of successive ejaculations on the spermiogram of West African dwarf goats (Capra hircus L.)(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 2000) Oyeyemi, M. O.; Akusu, M. O.; Ola-Davies, O. E.Twenty healthy adult male (bucks) West African dwarf goats (WADG) aged between 2 to 4 years and with a mass of from 16 to 20 kg were used in this study. They were randomly assigned into four groups of five bucks per group. In group A, semen was collected once a week for a period of eight weeks, while in group B semen was collected twice a week for a period of eight weeks, once a day for 21 days in group C, and twice daily at an interval of five hours for 21 days in group D. Live body masses, height at withers, scrotal length and scrotal circumference were not affected by successive ejaculations. The ejaculate volume decreased as the frequency of ejaculations increased, although the decrease was not significant (Group A 0.44±0.07, B 0.41±0.08, C 0.38±0.07 and D 0.36±0.08 ml) while the ejaculate colour was either milky or creamy. Mass sperm movement showed swirling waves and scored 4 in all groups, while the percentage progressive motility ranged between 88.7±3.10 and 94.54±3.00%. Percentage of live spermatozoa (Group A 96.57±2.40, B 96.24±2.53, C 96.10±2.28 and D 96.10±2.50%) was not affected by successive ejaculations although a decrease in sperm concentration was observed as the number of successive ejaculations increased. There was a significant increase (P<0.05) in abnormal spermatozoa as frequency of ejaculation increased.Item Seasonal limnological variation and nutrient load of the river system in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria(EuroJournal publishing inc., 2008) Adedokun, O. A.; Adeyemo, O. K.; Adeleye, E.; Yusuf, R. K.Ibadan is a highly populated city, characterized by environmental problems arising from improper disposal of solid and liquid wastes, poor wastes collection and handling. We therefore investigated the seasonal limnology and nutrient load of the river system in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria during the dry season (October 2003-March 2004) and rainy season (August-September 2004). The results revealed that colour, Total suspended solid (TSS), total solids (TS) and total nitrogen were generally higher during the dry season. This suggests that the run-offs have only a diluting effect on these parameters. All the other physical parameters (pH, BOD, DO, COD, TDS, Total hardness) and Nutrient load based parameters (phosphate, sulphate, nitrate and nitrite) were generally higher during the rainy season. Also, in most of the sample points, BOD, TDS, TSS, colour and phosphate levels were relatively higher than the WHO standards for surface water during the two seasons. The poor water quality and nutrient loading observed in the study area has severe consequences on the in-dwelling aquatic flora and fauna. Proper treatment of effluent from industrial processes to acceptable levels, discouraging stagnation of domestic waste and sewage, availability of sewage treatment plants is necessary to curtail the health risk associated with the present level of pollution observed during this study.Item Intenstinal helminth and protozoan parasites of pigs reared under intensive management system in Ibadan, Nigeria(Tropical Veterinarian, 2001) Adejinmi, J. O.; Adedokun, O.A; Ayoade, G. O.; Obadua, A. A.Two hundred and seventy two pigs of different age groups reared in an intensive management system in 10 different locations in Ibadan were screened for intestinal helminth and protozoan parasites. The following incidences were recorded. Ascaris suum, 25.4% Oesophagostomuir. dentatus 13.6%, TricJiiiris suis, 10.7%; Strongylodes ransomi, 7.0%; Eimeria debliecki, 31.3%, Eimeria suis, 2.2% and Balantidium coli. 0.74%. Mixed infections with these parasites were common. No helminth egg was detected in all the piglets screened. The incidence of helminth parasites increased with age. So also was the worm burden. To prevent widespread infection with these parasites strict adherence to good management and hygiene in piggery pens is recommended