FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Item Rumen impaction with foreign indigestible materials in domestic ruminants in Nigeria: A Review(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2012) Akinrinmade, J. F.Rumen impaction due to foreign, indigestible materials has become one of the major gastro-intestinal disorders in ruminant livestock causing severe loss of meat and milk production and high mortality rates. Ingested foreign bodies affect the health of animals and cause economic loss to the owner. Among other factors, the current widespread use of polythene and other non-biodegradable materials with improper waste disposal is a major predisposing factor to the development of rumen impaction. In this paper, the Nigerian situation with regard to the prevalence, reported fatalities, composition of recovered foreign materials, risk factors and clinical signs of foreign body rumen impaction are reviewed, including the clinical management approaches to the condition, the hemato-biochemical, trace element profile and pathology of the rumen in affected animals. The review also provides information on the waste disposal situation in Nigeria as it relates to the development of this condition with emphasis on its economic implications and the preventive strategies to counteract the problem of rumen impaction.Item Aflatoxin status of some commercial dry dog foods in Ibadan, Nigeria(Academic Journals, 2012) Akinrinmade, J. F.; Akinrinde, A. S.The occurrence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in commercial dry dog foods in the city of Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria, was investigated. Dry dog food samples from 6 producers were purchased on five different occasions from retail outlets in Ibadan, Nigeria. High performance liquid chromatography was used for separation and quantification of aflatoxin fractions, after consideration of the limits of detection and quantification of the method. Results indicate that aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were detected in all the samples investigated, with B1 being the most abundant. The range of concentration of total aflatoxins was 7.76 to 11.93 µg/kg (mean: 9.61 µg/kg). The results show that dry dog foods marketed in Ibadan are frequently contaminated with aflatoxins, exposing dogs to adverse effects of aflatoxicosis. Scientifically based regulations for the acceptable limit of mycotoxins in pet foods in the country would be beneficial.Item Aflatoxin status of some commercial dry dog foods in Ibadan, Nigeria(Academic Journals, 2012) Akinrinmade, J. F.; Akinrinde, A. S.The occurrence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in commercial dry dog foods in the city of Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria, was investigated. Dry dog food samples from 6 producers were purchased on five different occasions from retail outlets in Ibadan, Nigeria. High performance liquid chromatography was used for separation and quantification of aflatoxin fractions, after consideration of the limits of detection and quantification of the method. Results indicate that aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were detected in all the samples investigated, with B1 being the most abundant. The range of concentration of total aflatoxins was 7.76 to 11.93 µg/kg (mean: 9.61 µg/kg). The results show that dry dog foods marketed in Ibadan are frequently contaminated with aflatoxins, exposing dogs to adverse effects of aflatoxicosis. Scientifically based regulations for the acceptable limit of mycotoxins in pet foods in the country would be beneficial.Item Aflatoxin status of some commercial dry dog foods in Ibadan, Nigeria(Academic Journals, 2012) Akinrinmade, J. F.; Akinrinde, A. S.The occurrence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in commercial dry dog foods in the city of Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria, was investigated. Dry dog food samples from 6 producers were purchased on five different occasions from retail outlets in Ibadan, Nigeria. High performance liquid chromatography was used for separation and quantification of aflatoxin fractions, after consideration of the limits of detection and quantification of the method. Results indicate that aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were detected in all the samples investigated, with B1 being the most abundant. The range of concentration of total aflatoxins was 7.76 to 11.93 µg/kg (mean: 9.61 µg/kg). The results show that dry dog foods marketed in Ibadan are frequently contaminated with aflatoxins, exposing dogs to adverse effects of aflatoxicosis. Scientifically based regulations for the acceptable limit of mycotoxins in pet foods in the country would be beneficial.Item Prevalence of foreign body rumen impaction in slaughtered goats in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University ofMaiduguri, 2012) Akinrinmade, J. F.; Akinrinde, A. S.A study was conducted on 4,488 goals in Ibadan, southwest sub-tropic humid zone, over a 4-month period to determine the prevalence of rumen impaction with indigestible garbage and to evaluate breed, sex and age as risk factors. Ante-mortem and post-mortem examinations were carried out on each of the animals to determine the breed, health status, sex, age and presence of indigestible garbage in the rumen. Prevalence of rumen impaction with indigestible garbage was 9.61%. It was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Red Sokoto breed than other breeds. Sex and age were found to have significant influence on the prevalence of rumen impaction. It was significantly higher (p<0.05) in females and older goats than males and younger ones, respectively.Item Rumen impaction with foreigh indigestible materials in domestic ruminants in Nigeria: a review(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2012) Akinrinmade, J. F.; Akinrinde, A. S.Rumen impaction due to foreign, indigestible materials has become one of the major gastro-intestinal disorders v in ruminant livestock causing severe loss of meat and milk production and high mortality rates. Ingested foreign « bodies affect the health of animals and cause economic loss to the owner. Among other factors, the current '..widespread use of polythene and other non-biodegradable materials with improper waste disposal is a major predisposing factor to the development of rumen impaction. In this paper, the Nigerian situation with regard to the prevalence, reported fatalities, composition of recovered foreign materials, risk factors and clinical signs of foreign body rumen impaction are reviewed, including the clinical management approaches to the condition, the hemato-biochemical, trace element profile and pathology of the rumen in affected animals. The review also provides information on the waste disposal situation in Nigeria as it relates to the development of this condition with emphasis on its economic implications and the preventive strategies to counteract the problem of rumen impaction.Item Aflatoxin status of some commercial dry dog foods in Ibadan, Nigeria(Academic Journals, 2012) Akinrinmade, J. F.; Akinrinde, A. S.The occurrence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in commercial dry dog foods in the city of Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria, was investigated. Dry dog food samples from 6 producers were purchased on five different occasions from retail outlets in Ibadan, Nigeria. High performance liquid chromatography was used for separation and quantification of aflatoxin fractions, after consideration of the limits of detection and quantification of the method. Results indicate that aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were detected in all the samples investigated, with B1 being the most abundant. The range of concentration of total aflatoxins was 7.76 to 11.93 μg/kg (mean: 9.61 μg/kg). The results show that dry dog foods marketed in Ibadan are frequently contaminated with aflatoxins, exposing dogs to adverse effects of aflatoxicosis. Scientifically based regulations for the acceptable limit of mycotoxins in pet foods in the country would be beneficial.Item Prevalence of foreign body Rumen impaction in slaughtered Goats in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2012) Akinrinmade, J.F.; Akinrinde, A.S.A study was conducted on 4,488 goals in Ibadan, southwest sub-tropic humid zone, over a 4-month period to determine the prevalence of rumen impaction with indigestible garbage and to evaluate breed, sex and age as risk factors. Ante-mortem and rost-mortem examinations were carried out on each of the animals to determine the breed, health status, sex, age and presence of indigestible garbage in the rumen. Prevalence of rumen impaction with indigestible garbage was 9.61%. It was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Red Sokoto breed than other breeds. Sex and age were found to have significant influence on the prevalence of rumen impaction. It was significantly higher (p<0.05) in females and older goats than males and younger ones, respectively.Item Isolation and antibiotics susceptibility patterns of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 from selected dairy herds in Nigeria(African Union, InterAfrican Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR), 2012) Amosun, E. A.; Olatoye, I. O.; Adetosoye, I. A.This study determined the safety of milk from dairy herds obtained by hand milking method from two major cattle producing States of Nigeria by investigating the presence of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Forty seven milk samples from Kwara and 63 from Kaduna States were obtained from selected indigenous breeds of dairy cow. Bacteriological analysis by culturing on MacConkey agar (MAC) and subcultured on Sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC) were done. Escherichia coli 0157.H7 were confirmed serologically using latex agglutination kits (OxoidR UK). The isolates were tested for susceptibility to five commonly used antimicrobial agents and plasmid transfer was also carried out using E. coli K12 356 recipient. Out of the 61 non-Sorbitol fermenting (NSF) E. coli isolated from the samples 33(30.0%) were confirmed as E .coli 0157.H7 serotype. Antibiotic Susceptibility profile showed that all the isolates were resistant to one or multiple antibiotics, resulting in six different resistance patterns. Sulphadimidine resistance was the highest with all the isolates (100%) exhibited resistance to this drug while streptomycin had the highest sensitivity. Out of the seventeen E.coli 0157.H7 isolates tested for plasmid transfer, eleven (64.7%) transferred their resistance to the sensitive E. coli K12 356 enblock, while the remaining six showed segregation. The preponderance of E. coli O157 in this study indicated that greater proportion of milk being produced for human consumption in Nigeria were not wholesome and could posed threat of transmission of zoonotic pathogens. The high proportion of multidrug resistance exhibited by the isolates and the plasmid transfer is of public health significance as they could confer resistance on both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial population in the consumers. More so, the milk which were obtained traditional unhygienic hand milking are either consumed raw or improperly pasteurized. Hygienic milking, pasteurization and judicious use of antibiotics after properly diagnosis and sensitivity test against newer antibiotics are recommended.Item Histopathological analysis of male breast cancer in Southwestern Nigeria: A single center retrospective study(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2021) Ajani, M. A.; Odetola, S. S.; Awosusi, B. L.; Fatunla, E. O.; Salami, A. A.Background: Breast cancer in men is still an uncommon and largely understudied disease. It accounts for 1% of all breast cancers. The aim of this study was to review all the male breast cancer cases diagnosed at the tertiary medical institution in South West Nigeria over a 10 year period and to compare the findings with other similar studies done in Nigeria and globally. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all histologically diagnosed cases of male breast cancers in the Department of Pathology, Tertiary Medical Institution in South West Nigeria over a 10 year period from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. Clinicopathological parameters including patients’ age, laterality, and specific histological sub types were extracted from surgical day book and Cancer Registry of the Department. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics (version 22; IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA). The results were subsequently presented in tables, relative frequencies, group percentages, and photomicrographs. Results: Forty two cases of male breast cancer were seen accounting for 1.7% of all breast cancer cases. The age range was between 22 and 91 years with a mean age of 60.3 years, and a peak occurrence was in the 8th decade. The right breast was more affected than the left accounting for 52% of the total number of cases seen. The most common histological sub type found was invasive ductal carcinoma accounting for 88% of all the cases. Conclusion: Male breast cancer is relatively uncommon compared to female breast cancer. It is more common in the older age group, and invasive ductal carcinoma is still the most common histological subtype.