FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE

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    Phytochkmical profiling antioxidant activities and essential oil, constituents of Androgkaphis Paniculata
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2018) Adeoye, B. Q.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Afolayan, A. J.; Adedapo, A. A.
    Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases which lead to urgent- need to investigate new, safe and effective source of antioxidant agents. This research proposed to investigate in-vitro and phytochemical constituent of the plant Ancirographis paniculatei using phytochemical analysis, GC/MS, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and NO. Phytochemica! analysis of Anclrographis paniculata revealed the presence of tannins, total fiavonoids, total phenol, total flavonols, and total proanthocyanidins. GC/MS analysis of essential oil of AP identified one major compound name benzencpropanoic acid clucked at 3.296 retention time and 0,74 area percentage. The ferric reducing potential of the extracts was concentration dependent and significantly different from that of rutin and vitamin E. The% inhibition ofABTS by the ethanol leaf extract o?A nclrographis paniculata was concentration dependent and compared favourably well with the rutin and vitamin E, in DPPH scavenging assays, the ICy50 value of the ethanol leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata was < 0.025 mg/ml, while IC50 of rutin and Vitamin E were < 0.025 mg/ml and 0.68mg/ml. Nitric oxide ICS, for extract is 1,05mg/ml, Vitamin E is 1.2 mg/ml, and rutin is < 0.025 mg/ml. The present study showed high level of radical scavenging activity by ethanol leaf .extract of Andrographis paniculata with higher antioxidant activities than Vitamin E but less than that of rutin. This show that Andrographis paniculata has antioxidant properties and the plant could be used in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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    Anti-proliferative activities of the aqueous root extract of Dianthus Thunbergii ss hooper (caryophyllaceae)
    (African Traditional Herbal Medicine Supporters Initiative (ATHMSI), 2018) Akinrinde, A.; Van de Venter, M.; Koekemoer, T.; Bradley, G.
    Background: The roots of Dianthus thunbergii SS Hooper are used traditionally in South Africa for the treatment of diabetes, wounds, colic, chest complaints and cancer. This study was aimed at investigating the potential anti-proliferative activities of the D. thunbergii in mammalian cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: Aqueous and ethanol extracts of D. thunbergii were tested in vitro on two cancer cell lines: human hepato-cellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and murine insulinoma (INS-1) cells using the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2- yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and crystal violet cell viability assays, as well as live-cell fluorescence imaging microscopy. A tentative profiling of the aqueous extract was also carried out using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: The aqueous extract (50-200μg/ml) exhibited significant (p<0.05) cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells (IC50<50 μg/ml), while also significantly (p<0.05) decreasing the viability of INS-1 cells (IC50=36.0 μg/ml), although no toxicity was evident in L6 myotubes. Hoechst 33342® and propidium iodide staining of INS-1 cells further revealed significant growth inhibition (p<0.001) of INS-1 cells by the aqueous extract. No meaningful toxicity was, however, obtained with the ethanol extract (IC50 = 204.0 μg/ml). Non-targeted LC-ESI-TOF/MS analysis of the aqueous extract revealed the putative identities of main compounds present in the aqueous root extracts, including some that may contribute to its anti-proliferative action. Conclusion: Taken together, the results showed that the roots of D. thunbergii may represent a potential plant-based sourceof agents with anti-proliferative efficacy.
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    In vitro investigation of potential anti-diabetic activity of the corm extract of Hypoxis argentea Harv. Ex Baker
    (Croatian Pharmaceutical Society, 2018) Akinrinde, A.; Koekemoer, T.; Van de Venter, M.; Bradley, G.
    The corms of Hypoxis argentea are widely used as a traditional remedy for diabetes mellitus in South Africa. In this study, we investigated the effects of non-toxic concentrations (12.5–100 μg mL–1) of the aqueous extract of H. argentea (HAA) corms on glucose uptake, pancreatic beta cell proliferation, and adipocyte differentiation. HAA stimulated glucose uptake in HepG2 cells up to 19.6 % and 17.0 % in L6 myotubes. Live-cell imaging microscopy revealed significant increases (p < 0.001) in total INS-1 cell numbers exposed to HAA, although no effect was observed on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. HAA produced weak to moderate inhibition of porcine pancreatic α-amylase, α-glucosidase, porcine pancreatic lipase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) activities, as well as protein glycation. Our results suggest that the acclaimed anti-diabetic effects of H. argentea could be mediated by its promotion of glucose utilization and preservation of pancreatic beta cell populations while preventing fat accumulation in adipocytes.
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    Rutin and Melatonin ameliorate the gastrointestinal and hepatic injuries induced by oral Lead Acetate in rats
    (Arak University of Medical Sciences, 2023) Akinrinde, S. A.; Oladipo, O. O.; Adetiba, R.; Ademola, A. O.; Temidayo, O. O.
    Background: Oral ingestion of lead in drinking water represents the most common route of human and animal exposure, especially in the developing nations. Unlike other internal organs, research on the effects of lead on gastrointestinal tract remains limited. This study explored the alterations in faecal fatty acid composition, gastrointestinal and hepatic histologies and redox status, following chronic, 90-day exposure of rats to lead acetate (PbA). We also investigated the protective effects of rutin and melatonin against lead toxicity in rats. Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of 10 (A-E) and were assigned as follows: A: Control; B: 1% PbA in drinking water; C: PbA+rutin (50 mg/kg); D: PbA+melatonin (25 mg/kg) and E: PbA+rutin+melatonin. The faecal fatty acid profiles were quantified by methylation and gas chromatography-flame ion detection. We also evaluated the oxidative stress and antioxidant markers for the stomach, liver, and guts, and their histopathological alterations. Results: Exposure to PbA caused remarkable elevations of the faecal fats, such as undecylic, lauric, tridecylic, myristic, and palmitic acids, compared to the controls and rats in group C. The administration of rutin and/or melatonin ameliorated the PbA-induced increases in the hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents. Rutin and melatonin improved the levels of thiol, and reduced the glutathione, glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase activities. Conclusion: The findings suggest that rutin alone or combined with melatonin protects against PbA-induced disruption of the liver and gastrointestinal tract integrity via modulation of intestinal total lipids in cells and redox imbalances.
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    Cobalt-induced neuro-behavioural alterations are accompanied by profound Purkinje cell and gut-associated responses in rats
    (The Korean Society of Environmental Health and Toxicology, 2023) Akinrinde, A.; Adigun, K.; Mustapha, O.
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    Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities of dianthus Thunbergii hooper and Hypoxis argentea harv ex baker: plants used for the management of diabetes mellitus in eastern cape, South Africa
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2018) Akinrinde, A. S.; Afolayan, A. J.; Bradley, G.
    Background: Inhabitants of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa use the roots of Dianthus thunbergii and corms of Hypoxis argentea to treat diabetes mellitus and other ailments. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of the roots and corms of two plants. Materials and Methods: Total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, proanthocyanidins, tannins, and alkaloids were determined by standard methods. The scavenging activities of the extracts against 1,1 diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2’‑azino‑bis (3‑ethylbenthiazoline‑6‑sulfonic acid (ABTS), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and their ferric‑reducing antioxidant potentials (FRAPs) were measured. Results: The ethanol extract of H. argentea had the highest content of phenolics (66.71 } 2.71 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and tannins (1.18 } 0.07 mg TAE/g), while the ethanol extract of D. thunbergii gave higher contents of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins (62.21 } 1.75 mg Qe/g and 432.62 } 2.43 mg Ca/g, respectively). Flavonols were the most predominant in the aqueous extract of H. argentea (25.51 } 1.92 mg Qe/g). We observed a concentration‑dependent response in the ABTS‑ and H2O2‑scavenging activities and FRAP values of the extracts and standards (Vitamin C, butylated hydroxytoluene, and rutin). The ethanol extracts of both plants generally demonstrated better antioxidant activities against H2O2, NO, and ABTS while also possessing better reducing power than the aqueous extracts. The aqueous extract of D. thunbergii, however, showed the best DPPH scavenging activity. Conclusion: The higher content of phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity obtained for the ethanol extracts of D. thunbergii and H. argentea may prove to be valuable information in selecting suitable extraction solvents for the medicinal applications of both plants.
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    Glycine exerts renal antioxidant effects and restores hemodynamic alterations in Rats treated with Diclofenac Sodium: Roles of renal Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Angiotensin II Receptor and Mineralocortocoid Receptor
    (Biomedical Communications Group, Ibadan, 2023) Akinrinde, A. S.; Ajibade, T. O.; Adetona, M. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adedapo, A. D. A.; Larbie, C.; Omobowale, T. O.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Adedapo, A. A.; Saba, A. B.; Oguntibeju, O. O.; Yakubu, M. A.
    Diclofenac (DIC) is known to alter renal function in the form of hemodynamically-mediated acute renal failure. This study evaluated the protective role of the amino acid, glycine (Gly) on nephrotoxicity and acute hemodynamic alterations induced by DIC (9 mg/kg) in male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into four groups (n=7/group) including Group A (control); Group B (DIC-treated), Groups C (DIC + Gly1, 250 mg/kg) and Group D (DIC + Gly2 500 mg/kg). Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial (MAP) blood pressures were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in rats treated with DIC alone, compared to control. Kidneys from DIC-treated rats showed altered histology with significantly (p<0.05) increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl contents, but decreased glutathione (GSH) glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Immunohistochemistry revealed down-regulation of renal angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), but increased expressions of angiotensin type II receptor (AT2R) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in DIC-treated rats. However, pre-treatment with Gly reversed most of the aforementioned effects of DIC. The present results suggest that oral glycine protected kidney tissues and restored DIC-induced hemodynamic changes by modifying renal expression of the renin-angiotensin-mineralocortocoid pathway and/or renal oxidative stress.
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    The International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INPST) and the power of Twitter networking exemplified through #INPST hashtag analysis
    (Elsevier GmbH, 2023) Singla, R. K.; De, R.; Efferth, T.; Mezzetti, B.; Uddin, M. S.; Sanusi, S.; Ntie-Kang, F.; Wang, D.; Schultz, F.; Kharat, K. R.; Devkota, H. P.; Battino, M.; Sur, D.; Akinrinde, A. S.
    Background: The development of digital technologies and the evolution of open innovation approaches have enabled the creation of diverse virtual organizations and enterprises coordinating their activities primarily on-line. The open innovation platform titled “International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce” (INPST) was established in 2018, to bring together in collaborative environment individuals and organizations interested in natural product scientific research, and to empower their interactions by using digital communication tools. Methods: In this work, we present a general overview of INPST activities and showcase the specific use of Twitter as a powerful networking tool that was used to host a one-week “2021 INPST Twitter Networking Event” (spanning from 31st May 2021 to 6th June 2021) based on the application of the Twitter hashtag #INPST. Results and Conclusion: The use of this hashtag during the networking event period was analyzed with Symplur Signals (https://www.symplur.com/), revealing a total of 6,036 tweets, shared by 686 users, which generated a total of 65,004,773 impressions (views of the respective tweets). This networking event’s achieved high visibility and participation rate showcases a convincing example of how this social media platform can be used as a highly effective tool to host virtual Twitter-based international biomedical research events.
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    Supplementation with sesame oil suppresses genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and enterotoxicity induced by sodium arsenite in rats
    (BioMed Central, 2023) Akinrinde, A. S.; Oyewole, S. O.; Ola-Davies, O. E.
    Background Sesame oil, an edible essential oil, is known to be rich in unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and lignans with several reported health-promoting benefts. Acute arsenic poisoning produces toxic hepatitis, bone marrow depression and adverse gastrointestinal responses. In this study, we investigated the protective efect of sesame seed oil (SSO) against genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and colonic toxicity induced by sodium arsenite (SA) in Wistar rats. Methods Twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control, SA only (2.5 mg/ kg), SA + SSO (4 ml/kg) and SSO alone for eight consecutive days. Liver function and morphology, bone marrow micronuclei induction, colonic histopathology, mucus production and immune expression of Bcl-2, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), MUC1 and cytokeratins AE1/AE3 were evaluated. Results SA provoked increased serum activities of liver enzymes, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspar tate aminotransferase (AST), and caused severely altered morphology of hepatic and colonic tissues with increased frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCEs/1000PCE) in the bone marrow. In addition, SA triggered increased expression of colonic CEA and MUC1 but weak Bcl-2 immunoexpression. However, cotreatment with SSO demonstrated protective activities against SA-induced damage, as indicated by signifcantly reduced serum ALT and AST, fewer micronucleated bone marrow erythrocytes and well-preserved hepatic and colonic morphologies compared to the SA-treated rats. Furthermore, SSO protected the colonic mucosa by boosting mucus production, elevating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression and reducing CEA expression. GC–MS analysis of SSO revealed that it was predominated by linoleic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid, and tocopherols. Conclusions Our data indicated that SSO protected the liver, colon and bone marrow potentially via anti-infam matory and anti-apoptotic activities. The data suggest that sesame oil has potential therapeutic applications against chemical toxicities induced by arsenic.
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    Infuence of zinc and gallic acid on haematological alterations, hepatic and intestinal toxicity induced by sub‑acute exposure to Dibutyl‑n‑phthalate (DBP) in Wistar rats
    (Springer Nature Link, 2022) Akinrinde, A. S.; Bello, A. V.; Soetan, K. O.
    Objective Dibutyl-n-phthalate (DBP) is utilized industrially as a plasticizer, as well as in consumer products, food processing and medical applications, but there are concerns over its safety. This study investigated the protective effect of Zinc sulphate (Zn) and Gallic acid (GA) against haematological, hepatic and intestinal alterations following sub-acute (14-day) DBP exposure in rats. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats weighing 150–190g were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n=6). Group A (Control) received normal saline at 2 ml/kg. Group B was given DBP (500 mg/kg bw/day) by oral gavage for 14 days. Groups C and D were treated concurrently with Zn (250 mg/kg bw) and GA (120 mg/kg bw), respectively, in addition to DBP treatment. Results Administration of DBP resulted in significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum Alanine transmainase and alkaline phosphatatse, signifcant (p<0.05) increase in faecal counts of coliforms and Escherichia coli (Proteobacteria), as well as reduced colonic mucus production and goblet cell numbers. Histological evidence of DBP toxicity included severe congestion of hepatic central venules, severe infammatory cell infltration in liver and colonic tissues, and atrophy of colonic mucosal glands, with a reduction in erythrocyte count being the major haematological alteration. The protective efects of Zn and GA were manifested as signifcant reduction in the activities of serum enzymes and the severity of hepatic and colonic lesions, along with preservation of haematological indices and colonic mucus. GA caused signifcant reduction in E. coli and coli forms, while also increasing enterococci count. Conclusion Dietary supplementation with Zn or GA may alleviate DBP-induced liver and colonic toxicity. The probable mechanisms may include the preservation of the colonic mucus barrier and improvement in the abundance of beneficial bacteria.