FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Item Prevalence and correlates of influenza-a in piggery workers and pigs in two communities in Lagos, Nigeria(2013) Awosanya, E. J.; Ogundipe, G.; Babalobi, O.; Omilabu, S.Introduction: Worldwide, three Influenza-A virus subtypes (H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2) in swine are major public health issues. In Nigeria, the existence of these subtypes in pigs has not been well studied. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and correlates of Influenza-A viruses circulating in piggery workers and pigs in Oke-aro and Goshen communities in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: Nasal swabs were taken from 197 consenting piggery workers and 281 randomly selected pigs to determine the prevalence of Influenza-A (H1, H3, H5) using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction test (gene M). An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect information on demography, Influenza-A related symptoms experienced, personal hygiene and management practices from the piggery workers. Descriptive statistics was used and chi square test performed at 5% significant level. Results: All piggery workers and pigs' nasal swabs tested negative for Influenza-A viruses, hence, association could not be tested. Mean age of piggery workers was 41 ± 13.6 years and 60% were females. Forty two percent were farm attendants, 38.0% were pig farmers and the rest butchers. Nineteen percent had history of headache; 14.0% had catarrh and cough; 4.0% had sore-throat; 5.0% had diarrhea; while 48.0% had muscle pain at the time of data collection. The mean body temperature for the pig workers was 36.5 ± 0.5 °C. A significant difference (p<0.05) existed among piggery workers who had muscle pains. Conclusion: Piggery workers and pigs in study area were free of Influenza-A (H1, H3, H5) viruses. The current practices of the piggery workers should be encouraged.Item Prevalence and pattern of small animal orthopaedic conditions at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan(2016-08) Eyarefe, O.D.; Oyetayo, S.N.Small animal orthopaedic case records of a 20-year period were surveyed to obtain the prevalence and pattern of orthopaedic conditions presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), University of Ibadan, Nigeria, with the objective of providing data for planning on small animal healthcare facilities, policy development and veterinary manpower training. Out of 618 small animal surgery cases managed within the period studied, 127 (19.6%) were orthopedic in nature across 22 canine breeds, consisting of dogs (45%), bitches (53%) and 2% unspecified sexes. Orthopedic conditions were prevalent in Alsatian 34.65%, Rottweiler 19.69%, Mongrel 18.11%, Crossbreeds 4.72%, Boerboel 3.94%, Pomeranian 1.54%, Samoyed 1.54%, Caucasian 1.54%, Neapolitan mastiff 1.54%, Lhasa Apso 0.79%, Keeshond 0.79%, Chihuahua 0.79%, French mastiff 0.79%, Tosa 0.79%, Pit-bull 0.79%, Spitz 0.79%, Bull Mastiff 0.79%, Dachshund 0.79% and Doberman pinscher 0.79%. Fracture cases were highest 61.42%, followed by hip dysplasia 14.17%, hip luxation 6.30%, lameness 2.36%, paralysis 1.57%, hock luxation 1.57%, sprain 1.57%, patella luxation 1.57%, abnormal gait 1.57%, arthritis 0.79%, osteosarcoma 0.79%, splayed limb 0.79%, congenital dysgenesis 0.79%, hypertrophic osteodystrophy 0.79%, stiffened stifle joint 0.79%, and unspecified 2.36%. fracture anatomic sites were: femur 57.69%, tibia and fibula 10.26%, humerus 6.41%, radio-ulna 5.13%, mandible 5.13%, metacarpal 3.85%, tibia 3.85%, metatarsal 2.56%, radius 2.56%, rib 1.28% and tarsal 1.28%. The highest occurrence of orthopedic cases was in 2015 (11.02%), while 1998 (1.57%) and 2010 (1.57%) had the least. No case was recorded in 1995 and 1997 (0%). Young dogs (< 1year) were more involved (60.0%) than adult (> 1 year) (32.0%). More cases were recorded in the first quarter (27.56%)-(January-March) than second quarter (April-June (25.20%), than fourth quarter (October –December (24.41%).The third quarter (July-September) had the least (22.83%). The implication of the data to orthopaedic patient management, and planning was discussedItem Distribution of gastrointestinal helminthosis of small ruminants in Ibadan, South Western Nigeria: Role of traditional rearing system(Nature and Science, 2014) Adediran, O. A.; Adebiyi, I. A.; Uwalaka, E. C.In Nigeria, where the great majority of herds are managed traditionally, the search for feed and water results in scavenging livestock-raising methods. This often exposes such animals to high levels of infections, causing considerable losses. A survey was conducted during the short wet season to determine the prevalence and role of factors associated with small ruminant helminthosis in Ibadan region. A total of 880 sheep and goats were examined using standard parasitological procedures. The overall prevalence of helminthosis was 92.7%. Species prevalence of helminthosis was 96.1% and 89.3% in sheep and goats respectively. Sex prevalence was 94.1% and 87.8% in females and males respectively. Peri-urban prevalence was 96.0% while urban had 88.8% of mixed helminth infection. It was also observed that 42.5% and 57.7% of animal owners in urban and peri-urban areas lacked knowledge of anthelmintic used. Others, 20% and 30% of urban and periurban owners expressed some knowledge of existence of worms but believed that scavenging animals when infected have innate ability to seek medicinal herbs and plants to graze on. A total of 10% of all owners interviewed are aware that veterinary care should be given but only when the animals are obviously sick or fail to thrive. Our results reveal that the entire Ibadan region is endemic for gastrointestinal helminthosis and owners in the region believe that the best system for rearing small ruminants is the extensive management. [Adediran OA, Adebiyi Al, Uwalaka EC. Distribution of Gastrointestinal Helminthosis of Small Ruminants in Ibadan, South Western Nigeria: Role of Traditional Rearing System.Item Ectoparasites of farmed clarias gariepinus in Eti-Osa local government area, Lagos state, Nigeria(Science Education Development Institute, 2012-12) Elezuo, K. O.; Omonona, A.O.; Adedokun, O. AThe occurrence and prevalence of ectoparasites on farmed C/arias gariepinus from Eti-Osa local government area, Lagos State was investigated. A total of 110 fish specimens were procured from 5 farms in Eti-Osa local gov ernment area and examined for ectoparasite infestation. 5 out of the 110 fish specimens were infested giving a low prevalence rate of 4.5%. Two parasites namely Sanguinicola (blood fluke: Digenean i rental ode) and Nematode were isolated. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between ectoparasite infestation in the male and female fish. There was no correlation between size of fish and ectoparasite infestation. Nematode had a higher prevalence, abundance and means intensity of 2.73%. 0.03 and 0.6 respectively than Sanguinicola with the values 1.82%, 0.02 and 0.4 for prevalence, abundance and means intensity respectively. All the ectoparasites were recovered from the gills, giving a prevalence rate of 4.5%. The low occurrence and prevalence of ectoparasites on farmed C. gariepinus from Eti-Osa local government area could be attributed to the high level of management observed in these farms. The high standard of pond and farm management attained by fish farmers in this local government area should be sustained. Also, the introduction of catfish fingerlings from the wild into the fish farms should be avoided