FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Item Prevalence of rumen impaction with non-biodegrable materials in cattle in Ibadan, Nigeria(Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2021) Akinrinmade, J. F; Akinrinde, S. A.A study was conducted on 3031 cattle slaughtered in Ibadan over a period of three months to determine the prevalence of rumen impaction with indigestible garbage and evaluate breed, sex, age and some blood indices as risk factors. Thorough antemortem and postmortem examinations were carried out on each of the animals to determine the breed, health status, sex, age and presence of indigestible garbage in the rumen while blood samples were collected and analysed only for animals with indigestible garbage, to determine total serum protein and phosphorus levels. Results showed overall prevalence of rumen impaction was 10.77% and it differed significantly between breeds, but was highest in the Red Bororo (RB). Sex and age had significant influence on the prevalence of rumen impaction. It was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in females than in males and in older animals than in younger ones. Total serum protein and phosphorus levels were significantly lower than reference values in animals with rumen impaction.Item Rumen impaction with foreigh indigestible materials in domestic ruminants in Nigeria: a review(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2012) Akinrinmade, J. F.; Akinrinde, A. S.Rumen impaction due to foreign, indigestible materials has become one of the major gastro-intestinal disorders v in ruminant livestock causing severe loss of meat and milk production and high mortality rates. Ingested foreign « bodies affect the health of animals and cause economic loss to the owner. Among other factors, the current '..widespread use of polythene and other non-biodegradable materials with improper waste disposal is a major predisposing factor to the development of rumen impaction. In this paper, the Nigerian situation with regard to the prevalence, reported fatalities, composition of recovered foreign materials, risk factors and clinical signs of foreign body rumen impaction are reviewed, including the clinical management approaches to the condition, the hemato-biochemical, trace element profile and pathology of the rumen in affected animals. The review also provides information on the waste disposal situation in Nigeria as it relates to the development of this condition with emphasis on its economic implications and the preventive strategies to counteract the problem of rumen impaction.Item Prevalence of rumen impaction with non-biodegrable materials in cattle in Ibadan, Nigeria(Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2012) Akinrinmade, J.F.; Akinrinde, A.S.A study was conducted on 3031 cattle slaughtered in Ibadan over a period of three months to determine the prevalence of rumen impaction with indigestible garbage and evaluate breed, sex, age and some blood indices as risk factors. Thorough antemortem and postmortem examinations were carried out on each of the animals to determine the breed, health status, sex, age and presence of indigestible garbage in the rumen while blood samples were collected and analysed only for animals with indigestible garbage, to determine total serum protein and phosphorus levels. Results showed overall prevalence of rumen impaction was 10.77% and it differed significantly between breeds, but was highest in the Red Bororo (RB). Sex and age had significant influence on the prevalence of rumen impaction. It was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in females than in males and in older animals than in younger ones. Total serum protein and phosphorus levels were significantly lower than reference values in animals with rumen impaction.Item Causes and implications of bovine organs/offal condemnations in some abattoirs in Western Nigeria.(2009) CADMUS, S.I.B.; ADESOKAN, H.KFood animals though sources of protein and revenue to man, also serve as vehicles of disease transmission. This work reviews a three year record of slaughtered cattle in 12 abattoirs/slaughter slabs in western Nigeria to determine the economic and public health issues associated with their disease conditions. Out of 641,224 cattle slaughtered, 51,196 (7.98%) were attributable to 14 diseases/conditions including tuberculosis, pneumonia, fascioliasis, pimply gut, paramphistomosis, cysticercosis, dermatophilosis, tonsillitis, taeniasis, ascariosis, abscess, mange, mastitis and immature fetuses. Pneumonia (21.38%), fascioliasis (20.28%) and tuberculosis (7.95%) were major reasons for condemnations; least being ascariosis (0.01%). The lungs (45.66%) and liver (32.94%) accounted for most organ condemned while the heart (0.02%) was the least affected. The proportions of pneumonia, fascioliasis and immature fetuses observed were not statistically different (Mean = 3895.7; 3654.0; 3467.3); however, asignificant difference existed with other conditions (MeanA = 3895.7; 3654.0; 3467.3; MeanB = 1359.7; 1057.7; 510.3). Organs/offal condemnations constituted loss of revenue and animal protein as 124,333 kilo kilogrammes worth of meat valued in Naira at N41,613,043 ($332,904) was lost over the period giving an average of N13,871,014 ($110,968) annually. This, coupledwith fetal wastage represented an economic loss; with associated public health implications.Item Molecular epidemiology of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia by detection, identification and differentiation of mycoplasma mycoides mycoides in Niger State, Nigeria(2015-12) Alhaji, N.B.; Babalobi, O. O.The study was aimed at epidemiologically detecting, identifying, and differentiating Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides strains according to their geographical origins in asymptomatic cattle populations of Niger State, North-central Nigeria between January and August 2013, using conventional and fingerprinting PCR assays without culturing or enriching of the field samples. Cross sectional molecular study of asymptomatic cattle sampled in the major abattoirs and livestock markets was carried out. Geographical lineage differentiation of the strains was performed on the basis of presence or absence of 8.84 kb genomic segment. With primers pair MM450/MM451, two 574 bp genomic fragments of DNA of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides were detected. Using fingerprinting PCR; with insertion element IS1296/R(all) primers pair the detected two strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides genomic DNA were specifically identified by generation of a fragment of 1.1 kb; with IS1296/R1 primers pair, identified Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides strains were differentiated to be of African cluster by generation of 1.4 kb. The PCR procedures were sensitive and produced rapid results that identified two strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides of African/Australian origin. The presence of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides African/Australian strains, which is useful for vaccine production, was therefore established in Niger State, Nigeria.Item Qualitative and quantitative impacts assessment of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Fulani pastoral herds of North-central Nigeria: the associated socio-cultural factors(Elsevier, 2016) Alhaji, N.B.; Babalobi, O. O.Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is one of the most important trans-boundary disease affecting Fulani cattle herds of Nigeria and whose control is urgently needed. A Participatory Epidemiology approach and cross-sectional study were concurrently conducted to investigate qualitative and quantitative impacts of CBPP, respectively and associated socio-cultural factors that influenced exposure of Fulani nomadic pastoral communities to its risk in Niger State, North-central Nigeria between January and December 2013.A total of nine pastoral communities were purposively selected for qualitative impact assessment using Participatory Rural Appraisal tools, while 765 cattle randomly sampled from 125 purposively selected nomadic herds were analyzed using c-ELISA. Data on socio-cultural characteristics were collected using structured questionnaires administered on nomadic herd owners of the 125 selected herds. Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance W statistics and Open Epi 2.3 were used for statistical analyses. Pastoralists’ dependent factors associated with their socio-cultural activities were tested using Chisquare tests and likelihood backward logistic regressions. The mean proportional piles (relative qualitative impact) of CBPP was 12.6%, and nomads agreement on this impact was strong (W = 0.6855) and statistically significant (P < 0.001). This was validated by 16.2% (95% CI: 13.7, 19.0) sero-positive (quantitative impact). Highest sero-prevalence of 25.3% was observed in Northern agro-ecological zone, while lowest of 6.2% was in Eastern zone. Pastoralists in the age groups 51–60 and 61–70 years were more likely (OR 13.07; 95% CI:3.21, 53.12 and OR 7.10; 95% CI: 1.77, 28.33, respectively) to have satisfactory information/awareness on CBPP and lowland transhumance pastoralists were more likely (OR 5.21; 95% CI: 2.01, 13.54) to have satisfactory information. Socio-cultural activities of extensive husbandry system was six times more likely (OR 5.79; 95% CI: 2.55, 13.13) to be satisfactory practice that influenced CBPP occurrence in herds, while culture of borrowing and loaning of cattle was twenty times more likely (OR 19.94; 95% CI: 6.36,62.48) to be satisfactory practice that influenced CBPP occurrence in herds. Also, sharing a water source that caused concentration of stocks in one point was fifty three times more likely (OR 53.08; 95% CI:14.91, 189.00) to be satisfactory practice that influenced occurrence of the disease in herds. This study highlighted the critical gap that exists in terms of significant influence of socio-cultural factors on CBPP occurrence in pastoral herds in Nigeria. Thus, CBPP surveillance, control and prevention programs that take these factors into consideration will be beneficial to the livestock industry in Nigeria, and indeed Africa.Item Serological survey of foot and mouth disease in cattle in Jos South Local Government area of Plateau State(2011) Ishola, O. O.; Wungak, Y. S.; Olugasa, B. O.; David, L. D.; Ekong, P.S.A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jos South Local Government Area (LGA) of Plateau State of Nigeria, to determine the seroprevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in cattle, and identifying the potential risk factors associated with the disease. Sera samples were collected from a total of 162 cattle from the cattle population in the study area, and were analysed. The sera were analysed using FMD-NS 3D-ELISA kit at the FMD Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom. Potential risk factors of age, management system and location of the animals were compared with seroprevalence of FMD. Data were analysed using Chi-square test and statistical significance was set at P< 0.05. The overall seroprevalence of FMD obtained was 56.3%. The highest prevalence recorded in Ratya (82.5%) was significantly different (P<0.05) from the prevalence in Du (73.1%), Kara (62.5%), Rantya (66.7%) and Vom (31.2%). Age specific seroprevalence study shows a higher prevalence in Growers, (72.9%) than in Adults (51%) and Young (31.2%). The difference in prevalence among the different age status was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). A higher seroprevalence was recorded in extensive management system (71%), than in intensive management system (33.3%). The difference between the two was statistically significant (P<0.05). The study showed that FMD is a significant disease in Jos South LGA. Thus, an appropriate control strategy which should involve regulation of cattle movement and vaccination using the circulating virus strain is advocated. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jos South Local Government Area (LGA) of Plateau State of Nigeria, to determine the seroprevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in cattle, and identifying the potential risk factors associated with the disease. Sera samples were collected from a total of 162 cattle from the cattle population in the study area, and were analysed. The sera were analysed using FMD-NS 3D-ELISA kit at the FMD Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom. Potential risk factors of age, management system and location of the animals were compared with seroprevalence of FMD. Data were analysed using Chi-square test and statistical significance was set at P< 0.05. The overall seroprevalence of FMD obtained was 56.3%. The highest prevalence recorded in Ratya (82.5%) was significantly different (P<0.05) from the prevalence in Du (73.1%), Kara (62.5%), Rantya (66.7%) and Vom (31.2%). Age specific seroprevalence study shows a higher prevalence in Growers, (72.9%) than in Adults (51%) and Young (31.2%). The difference in prevalence among the different age status was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). A higher seroprevalence was recorded in extensive management system (71%), than in intensive management system (33.3%). The difference between the two was statistically significant (P<0.05). The study showed that FMD is a significant disease in Jos South LGA. Thus, an appropriate control strategy which should involve regulation of cattle movement and vaccination using the circulating virus strain is advocated.Item Actualization of strategies for beef quality control in south western Nigeria(2005-06) Olugasa, B. O.; Cadmus, S.I. B.; Atsanda, N.N.A major private abattoir wd meat processing plant in south-westem Nigeria was studied in this article to determine its compliance with control over dissemination of parasitic and microbial diseases from beef to man. To ensure total quality control, a private veterinarian sourced for cattle on farms and supplied these to the abattoir. In addition, a public health veterinarian in government service at the abattoir carried out antemortem tests, postmortem inspection and removal of unwholesome cattle. Diseases such as fascioliasis, tuberculosis, cysticercosis and brucellosis were effectively controlled in this way. Hence, United African Company (UAC) Foods provides wholesome beef to the communityItem A comparative study of three methods for detecting Fasciola infections in Nigerian cattle(VETERINARSKIARHIV, 2008) Adedokun, O. A.; Ayinmode, A. B.; Fagbemi, B. O.Qualitative examination of Fasciola gigantica eggs in faeces and bile were compared with the detection of precipitating antibodies in sera by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) in 1000 cattle slaughtered at the Bodija municipal abattoir in Ibadan, Nigeria. Faecal and bile examination methods detected (196) 33.5% and (389) 38.9% of the animals as positive for fasciolosis, while (474) 47.4% were positive by AGPT. Both direct bile examination and faecal egg detection methods have high specificity and positive predictive value (100%) when compared with AGPT. However, lower values for sensitivity and negative predictive value were observed for both faecal egg examination (66.5% and 67.9% respectively) and bile examination (81.0% and 78.9% respectively). Fecal and bile examination failed to detect 33.5% and 19.0% of the cases detected by AGPT. The results of this study revealed that the AGPT could become a better test for the herd diagnosis of bovine fasciolosis for veterinarians and other investigators in Nigeria.