FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Item Prevalence of rumen impaction with non-biodegrable materials in cattle in Ibadan, Nigeria(Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2021) Akinrinmade, J. F; Akinrinde, S. A.A study was conducted on 3031 cattle slaughtered in Ibadan over a period of three months to determine the prevalence of rumen impaction with indigestible garbage and evaluate breed, sex, age and some blood indices as risk factors. Thorough antemortem and postmortem examinations were carried out on each of the animals to determine the breed, health status, sex, age and presence of indigestible garbage in the rumen while blood samples were collected and analysed only for animals with indigestible garbage, to determine total serum protein and phosphorus levels. Results showed overall prevalence of rumen impaction was 10.77% and it differed significantly between breeds, but was highest in the Red Bororo (RB). Sex and age had significant influence on the prevalence of rumen impaction. It was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in females than in males and in older animals than in younger ones. Total serum protein and phosphorus levels were significantly lower than reference values in animals with rumen impaction.Item Protective effects of kolaviron and quercetin on cadmium-induced testicular damage and endocrine pathology in rats(Blackwell Verlag GmbH, 2012) Farombi, E. O.; Adedara, I. A.; Akinrinde, S. A.; Ojo, O. O.; Ebo, A. S.This study evaluated the effects of kolaviron, a biflavonoid from Garcinia kola seed, and quercetin on cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity in rats. Adult male rats were administered with either cadmium (15 mg kg 1 ) alone or in combination with kolaviron (200 mg kg 1 ) or quercetin (10 mg kg 1 ) daily for 5 days. Cadmium-treated rats showed (P < 0.05) decrease in the body weight gain, testis and epididymis weights. However, upon co-administration of kolaviron or quercetin, these changes were significantly reversed in cadmium-treated rats. Also, administration of kolaviron or quercetin significantly prevented cadmium-mediated decrease in sperm motility and epididymal sperm concentration and reversed the increased level of sperm abnormality to near control. In testes and sperm, cadmium treatment resulted in significant decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, whereas it increased glutathione S-transferase activity as well as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels. While plasma levels of triiodo thyronine and tetraiodothyronine remained unaffected, the levels of testosterone, luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone were decreased in cadmium-treated rats. Cadmium treatment caused mild congestion of intersti tial vessels and oedema in the testes. Taken together, kolaviron and quercetin inhibited the adverse effects of cadmium on the antioxidant enzymes, markers of oxidative stress, endocrine and testicular structure in rats.Item Nutritional composition and label evaluation of some commercial dry dog foods in Ibadan, Nigeria(ARC Publication Services LLC, 2011) Akinrinmade, F.; Akinrinde, A. S.The nutrient and energy content of commercial dry dog feeds most commonly patronized in the city of Ibadan were analyzed. Most of the feeds carry no specific values of nutrient composition on their labels. The results of proximate analysis of the feeds were compared with mean values of nutrients in the National brand of dry dog food of the USA. Although, the dog feeds were found to be adequate in protein and energy content, they, however, showed appreciably lower values for fat and fiber contents, as well as the levels of most of the micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn and Se). Extensive variations were observed in the concentrations of several nutrients among the dog food brands analyzed. While tighter regulations are being advocated for the pet food industry, it will be necessary to perform digestibility and growth studies of these foods in order to establish baseline data on nutritional composition of dog foods marketed in the countryItem Preliminary studies on the haematological parameters of cockerels fed raw and processed guinea corn (Sorghum bicolor)(Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2013) Soetan, K. G.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Ajibade, T. O.The effect of feeding raw and ground guinea com [Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) on the haematological parameters of chicken was investigated in this study. Ten (10) 6-week old cockerels were randomly divided into two groups, A and B, and were fed raw and processed (dried and ground) guinea corn, respectively, for two weeks. Packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), Red blood cell count (RBC), White blood cell, count (WBC), neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocyte and monocyte counts were determined before and after the duration of feeding the cockerels with guinea corn. Although significant changes were not observed in most of the haematological parameters, birds fed with processed guinea corn however had a significantly higher red blood cell (RBC) count than birds fed with the raw guinea corn. These findings suggest that feeding of processed guinea corn to cockerels may be more advantageous than feeding of raw guinea corn.Item Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome: Phytotherapeutic evidences from intestinal ischemia-reperfusion models(Apple Academic Press, 2023) Akinrinde, A. S.; Akinrinmade, J. F.The gastrointestinal mucosa serves important barrier and defensive function against pathogenic bacteria, aggressive factors, and other inflammatory stimuli present within the lumen of the intestines. A variety of pathological and/or surgical conditions, known to produce intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (HRI) (e.g., hemorrhagic shock, strangulated bowel, intussusception, and volvulus) has been associated with breaches in gut barrier integrity, increased barrier permeability, and translocation of viable enteric bacteria and their toxins into the portal and systemic circulation. The result of this trans-epithelial movement of enteric microbes and/or toxins is the generalized activation of various inflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines, reactive oxygen species, leucocytes, and the complement system) in what is often described as the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). One devastating consequence of IIRI and SIRS is widespread injury to remote organs, a condition often referred to as multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), which is the leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients, especially those in intensive care units. From the foregoing, it has been suggested that compounds that combine multiple activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulatory roles, may provide new approaches to the prevention and/or treatment of MODS. In this regard, medicinal herbs with their composite nature of bioactivities due to several inherent phytochemicals are being investigated at different levels for their benefits in modulating the pathophysiological mechanisms that give rise to MODS. With particular reference to animal models of IIRL this chapter explores available experimental evidence of the potential prophylactic and/or therapeutic benefits of medicinal herbs in limiting remote organ dysfunction arising from gastrointestinal injury.Item Livestock waste management practices in Oyo state, Nigeria(Sciendo (De Gruyter Poland), 2016) Abiola J. O.; Olaogun S. C.Livestock waste management methods were evaluated in Oyo State where different farms were visited, structured pre-tested and peer-reviewed questionnaires were administered. The results of this study revealed that the use of animal wastes as manure for farmlands or outright dumping in the bushes, garbage sites or open lands were the most common waste disposal methods practiced by commercial poultry and livestock keepers in Oyo State. Out of all the farms sampled, 45% of the farms practiced Open lands waste disposal methods, 10% practiced sun-dried and burned animal wastes disposal methods, 14% practiced flushing wastes into nearby streams and rivers as slurry, 24% used a combination of all the three methods as space or time permits, 2% turn their waste to biogas for cooking or lightening on the farm and 5% use part of the waste as feed source for ruminants or fishes on the farm. The results showed that larger percentage of the farms does not have an environmental friendly animal waste management system and the implication is widespread air, water and land pollutionItem Perception of Rabies among Residents of Selected Local Government Areas of Oyo State, Nigeria(Science Domain International, 2016) Adejumobi, O. A.; Omobowale, O. C.; Olaogun, S. C.; Omobowale, T. O.; Nottidge, H. O."Rabies, a fatal neurotropic disease of man and animals is usually a neglected disease in many parts of the world probably because of the erroneous belief that it affects animals predominantly. This study was designed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of people in selected communities of Oyo State, Nigeria with the aim of assessing the possible risk of getting infected with the virus. A total of 323 participants were randomly selected from 10 local government areas of Oyo State, Nigeria and interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi square method. Information obtained included the demographic characteristics of the participants, their interaction with dogs, knowledge about rabies and its fatality, its mode of transmission and prevention as well as the perception of and attitude of people towards rabies. Of the 323 participants, 180(55.8%) were male while 143(44.3%) were female, 115(47.7%) were Christians, 123(51%) were muslims and 3(1.2%) were traditional religion adherents. Furthermore, 263(81.4%) had different levels of education 60(18.6 %) were illiterate, 119(36.8%) used to own dog while only 54(16.4%) presently kept dogs for reasons which included hunting 16(30.1%), security 28(52.8%), breeding {3(5.66%)} and as companionship 6(11.3%). Greater number (80%) lived in the rural areas while 62(19.6%) were urban dwellers. Out of the 323 participants, 256 (79.5%) knew about rabies, of these, 46(18%) heard about the disease from awareness campaigns, 11(4.3%) heard from human and veterinary hospitals 58(22.7%) heard from interpersonal interactions while 123(48.1%) knew by personal experiences. From the people that claimed knowledge, 231(90.2%) knew that rabies was a fatal disease, 96(37.5%) knew about rabies in other animal species aside dogs, 110(43%) knew about rabies transmission by dog or cat bite, 24(9.4%) knew that rabies can be transmitted by wild animals. Also, 130(50.8%) claimed knowledge of rabies prevention in animals but 88(34.4%) only knew about antirabies vaccination.in animals. Similarly, 128(50%) claimed knowledge of rabies prevention in man and of these, 38(14.8%) recommended prophylactic and post exposure antirabies vaccination, 42(16%) hospital visits, 20(7.8%) dog elimination and staying away from dogs, while 12(4.7%) recommended religious means, and use of herbs. When asked about first aid treatment, 99(38.7%) suggested wound washing with soap and antiseptic, 171(66.8%) recommended hospital visit while 40(15.6%) suggested a visit to the herbalist for the antidote. Pearson’s chi square showed significant difference (P<0.05) in the knowledge of the respondents and marital status. Poor knowledge of some aspects of rabies and negative attitude of dog owners towards rabies may portend grave public health consequences.Item Bovine Helminthosis: Blood Glucose Levels and Age Influence on Susceptibility in Some Nigerian Breeds of Cattle(Science Domain, 2015) Olaogun, S. C.; Lasisi, O. T.The effect of natural bovine helminthosis on blood glucose levels and the influence of age on its susceptibility were studied in four breeds of cattle in Ibadan Nigeria, using abattoir samples. One hundred and twenty cattle (28 males and 92 females) comprising Sokoto Gudali (51),White Fulani (30), Red Bororo (24) and Kuri (15) breeds of cattle which were all above 2.5 years old were used for this study. The blood glucose levels of all the cattle were determined by spectrophotometric method using Randox kitR (Randox LaboratoriesLimited, United Kingdom) while the corresponding fecal samples were examined for the helminth burden using the modified McMaster technique. The age of each cattle was estimated using a standard dentitition technique. The data obtained were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Correlation analysis. Significance was determined at p< 0.05. Sokoto Gudali breed was the least susceptible (21.56%) to natural helminthosis while Kuri breed was the most susceptible (26.67%). Cattle in age range of 2.5-3years were the most susceptible to natural helminthosis across all the breeds, while cattle older than 3 years were less susceptible. Blood glucose had positive correlation with age (r = 0.24) and negative correlation with helminth burden (r = -0.14). Hypoglycemia was prominent in all the cattle with heavy helminth burdens. Female cattle showed a significantly higher susceptibility to natural helminthosis than males. This study identifies natural helminthosis as a predisposing factor to hypoglycemia in Nigerian breeds of cattle which is observed to be more severe in younger cattle.Item Peste de Petit Ruminants in Oyo State: Current Epidemiology and Clinical Features. 49th(Nigeria Veterinary Medical Association (NVMA), 2012) Lasisi, O. T.; Olaogun S. C.Item Peste de Petit Ruminants in Oyo State: Current Epidemiology and Clinical Features. 49th(Nigeria Veterinary Medical Association (NVMA), 2012) Lasisi, O. T.; Olaogun S. C.