DEPARTMENT OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING

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Age, gender, religion and physical location as predictors of the social interactions of some Nigerian adolescents during puberty
(African Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2006) AjiboIa, O.F.; Tiwatola, A.F.; Moses, O.O.
The study investigated the influence of four demographic variables on the social interactions of 250 Nigerian adolescents during the period of puberty. The mean age of participants 14.75 years for females and 15.01 years for males Using an ex-post facto research design, a pretested self- reporting scale (The Adolescent Social Interaction in Puberty Scale) was used to elicit data on the composite and relative contribution of identified demographic variables as influence on the social interactions of participants during puberty. Three research hypotheses were tested using Multiple Regression and the t-test statistical analysis. Findings indicated that demographic variables jointly influenced the social interactions of the adolescents sampled in the study, while the relative effects of variables showed that age of adolescent and their urban/ rural location significantly influenced social interactions during puberty. Social interaction was more pronounced towards a friend of the opposite sex and peers, with adolescents indicating little or no parental influence on their social interactions during puberty. Gender differentials were minimal (t-1.29, p=0.05) but age of adolescents (t=2.06 p=0.05) and their physical location greatly influenced social interactions during puberty (t=2.9 p=0.05). Implications of findings were highlighted.
Assessing cancer patients’ quality of life and coping mechanisms in radiotherapy department of the University College Hospital Ibadan
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2013-05) Asuzu, C. C.; Elumelu, T. N.
Background: Cancer is often associated with a lot of pain and suffering. These suggest that coping with the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of cancer is a major life stressor that is capable of influencing patients’ quality of life (QoL). Purpose: The purpose of the study is to assess the relationship between cancer patients’ QoL dimensions and coping strategies in the Radiotherapy Department of the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: Data were collected on clinic days from all available and consenting cancer patients who were receiving treatment at the radiotherapy department. Participants were informed of their right to decline to fill the questionnaires. Result: In this study, 237 cancer patients participated. They had an age range of 15 to 95 years with a mean age of 49.91 years. There was significant inverse relationship between physical well-being with behavioural disengagement, venting, planning and self-blame (p<0.05); social/family well-being has significant linear relationship with active coping, emotional support, positive reframing, instrumental support, acceptance and religion (p<0.05); emotional well-being has significant inverse relationship with behavioural disengagement and self-blame (p<0.05); functional well-being has significant linear relationship with active coping, instrumental support and acceptance (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is important to assess cancer patients for the kind of coping strategies they are adopting to use in coping with their cancer burden, thereby guiding against lower QoL due to negative coping strategies. Intervention programmes could be developed to help cancer patients adopt more positive and effective coping strategies to improve patients’ QoL.
"Assessment and Management of Poor Performance in Mathematics: Using Academic Self-Efficacy and Cognitive Restructuring Techniques."
(2016) Ogundokun, M. O.
"The study investigated the effect of cognitive restructuring therapy on poor performance in Mathematics among Secondary School Students. Sixty Senior Secondary School (SSS 11) Students were used for the study. The research adopted a pretest, posttest and control group quasi experimental design with a 2x2x2 factorial matrix. Two schools were randomly selected from two different Local Government Areas in Ibadan. 30 participants each were randomly selected for the treatment and control group from the two selected schools. The major instruments used for the study were Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) r= .80 and Mathematic Performance Test (MPT) r = .77. The data were analysed with the aid of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The finding indicates that the participants exposed to Cognitive Restructuring Therapy showed a significant improvement in their mathematics performance than those in control group. It was also found that Academic Self-Efficacy when properly managed has a significant effect on mathematics performance of students. It is recommended that Cognitive Restructuring Therapy should be used by the Counselling Psychologists to intensify their effort to make use of the intervention in their strategies for counselling "
"Attitude of education stakeholders towards maintenance of school resources: an educational psychologists perspective , "
(His Lineage Publishing House, 2013-07) Ogundokun, M. O.; Ogunlade, O. O.
This paper examined the relevance of maintenance of school resources in the achievement of educational goals and objectives. It equally highlights the quantity and quality of the school resources within the reach of schools. Attention was highly paid on non-challant attitude of some education stakeholders (parents, teachers, government and even the students who are direct beneficiary of all educational programmes). Most of them holds, carelessly, some major school resources such as turning out school premises to political meetings and other social engagement which reduces the quality and quantity of materials available in the school setting there after some recommendations were made which includes among others; government should encourage education stakeholders to maintain school resources adequately to avoid a waste. School resources must be provided and maintained correctly by education stakeholders. Political meetings and other social meetings in school should be stopped. The general public should be sensitize to the need for maintenance culture in the school and the society at large etc.
Career aspiration, job demands and social interest as predictors of job satisfaction of secondary school teachers
(Department of Social Work University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2013-06) Ogundokun, M. O
This study examines how career aspiration, job demands and social interest predict job satisfaction of secondary school Teachers. The study adopted a survey research design. Three hundred Secondary School teachers from Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State responded to a set of questionnaires consisting of measures of Career Aspiration (a =.73), Job Demands (a =.84), Social Interest (a = .90) and Job Satisfaction (a =.98). Their age ranged between 24 and 55 years with mean age of 35.35years. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and Multiple regression analyses were used to analyses the data. The result shows that career aspiration and social interest were the potent predictors associated to teachers ’ job satisfaction. The study also reveals a significant relationship among career aspiration, job demands and social interest on the job satisfaction of teachers. The study has implications for the government and organisations responsible to the career developmental needs of teachers by providing career opportunities that match teachers ’ career aspirations. This will go a long way in making them get satisfy with their career, enhance efficiency and increase productivity. Intending teachers should consider the job demands of the profession in secondary schools; develop the required prerequisite before taking up teaching as a career.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENBSS OF RELAXATION AND SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SPEECH ANXIETY
(1984-10) ADEOLA, A. O.
An experiment was designed to find out which of relaxation and systematic desensitization was more effective in the management of speech anxiety in Student teachers. A third measure of remediation - cognitive restructuring - was introduced as a control in this study to monitor the effect of cognition on speech anxiety. Its effectiveness was also compared with the other two management measures. A 4 x 2 factorial design was used in this study, The samples were taken from a group of 100 students in the post-school certificate class of a teachers' College. Results indicated that the systematic desensitization and cognitive restructuring procedures proved very effective in significantly reducing speech anxiety in most of the variables used in this study. The variables are the Stimulus response (SRI) inventory (F = 6.10, df = 3/40, P <.01), check-list questionnaire ( = 8.08, df = 3/40, P< .01), the pulse rate differential (F = 8.11, df = 3/40, P <.01 and speech rating (F = 2.48, df = 3/40). The systematic desensitization procedure was however more effective than the cognitive restructuring procedure. T - Values recorded on two of the variables used in the study are 6.41 (SRI) at df = 10 and P<.01, and 2.75 (CLQ) at df = 10 and P<.05. The relaxation measure was not as effective in managing speech anxiety as the earlier two measures. Though it reduced the anxiety level of the subjects, the relaxation measure was not significant even at the .05 probability level.
Comparative effectiveness of two psychological techniques in the management promiscuity among adolescents in Ibadan
(Department of Guidance and Counselling, University of Ibadan, 2003) Asuzu, C. C.; Nwagwu, H.; Ohaeri, J. U.; Asuzu, M. C.
The study was designed to investigate the effect of covert self-control and assertiveness training in the management of promiscuity as a vital risk factor in the transmission of sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (STIs/HIV/AIDS). A pre- and post-test experimental- control group design was employed. Three' local government areas (LGAs) out of the five in Ibadan metropolis, were selected by simple random sampling, and used for the study. One school was selected from each LGA similarly for the two treatment groups and for the control group respectively with forty promiscuous students in each group. The two experimental groups were exposed to a twenty week treatment while the control group received no treatment. Both the treatment programmes were effective in reducing promiscuity in the adolescents. Covert self-control was found to be more effective than assertiveness training. Commendation was received for the free but value-base of the training by the students. Based on the findings, it was recommended that family life education should be implemented in the secondary schools in such a way as to meet the specific value base needs and to adequately control promiscuity among the school children.
A Comparative study of prisoners and non-prisoners on temperamental attributes: implication on crime commission
(Woeli-Codat Publishing Services, Ghana, 2010-03) Animasahun, R. A.
The study compared the temperamental attributes of prisoners with non-prisons to determine particular temperamental areas where prisoners excelled as well as the least possessed by them compared with the non-prisoners. One hundred inmates of Agodi prison as well as One hundred non prisoners in Ibadan participated in the study. The main instrument used for the study was a structured temperamental questionnaire adapted from Honk (2004), t-test statistic was used to analyze the four tested hypotheses. The results revealed that no Significant difference existed between prisoners and non-prisoners on temperamental attributes; however, the mere fact prisoners excelled on choleric, melancholic and phlegmatic temperaments based on means and SD results calls for attention, and recommendation were made towards conscious remediation of temperamental excesses
Comparative study of teachers' and students' attitude to the introduction of sex education into secondary schools in Ibadan
(2014) Asuzu, C. C.
This study examined the attitude of teachers and students to the introduction of sexuality education in secondary schools in Ibadan metropolis. The sample was made up of 40 teachers and 160 students randomly selected from 4 (2 private and 2 government owned) secondary schools m Ibadan. An 8-itemed self-designed questionnaire ‘Teachers and Students Attitude to Sexuality Education Questionnaire’ (TSASEQ) with 0.71 reliability was used in collecting data for the study. Data collected were analyzed using simple percentages and frequency counts. Results showed that the attitude of majority of teachers and students towards introduction of sexuality education in secondary schools is negative. Responses to typical items on the questionnaire showed that 65% of teachers and 68.75% of students believe that sexuality education can lead to increased immorality among children as 67.5% of teachers and 70% of students feel sexuality education will prematurely expose students to information about sex. Also, 55% of teachers and 64.37% of students indicated that they will feel embarrassed to teach or learn about sexuality in class. It was recommended that in-service training be provided for the teachers to develop adequate skills needed to teach sex and relationship education in a family life oriented manner. Also, awareness programmes should be organized in schools for teachers and students on the importance of sexuality education in curbing irresponsible sexual behavior which is capable of truncating immediate and future academic or career plans of the students.
COMPUTER EFFICACY TRAINING AND COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTER ANXIETY AMONG
(2016-09) OYADEYI, JOSEPH BABAJIDE
Computer anxiety has been identified as a prominent drawback to many freshmen in the Open and Distance Learning (ODL) institutions in Nigeria. It is a known fact that inadequate computer skills coupled with computer anxiety are linked to attrition rate and poor academic performance among distance learners who by exigency should utilise computer to bridge the transactional and interactional distance that exist between them, their tutors and other relevant personnel. This is capable of jeopardising learners‘ adjustment, performance and general coping capacity. There is a plethora of studies on computer anxiety with little attention to intervention that could reduce the menace among ODL students. This study, therefore, determined the effectiveness of Computer Efficacy Training (CET) and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) in the management of computer anxiety among National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) freshmen in Southwestern Nigeria. The moderating effects of age and gender were examined. Technology Acceptance Model provided the framework for the study while the pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design with a 3x2x2 factorial matrix was adopted. Three study centres of NOUN (Akure, Ibadan and Lagos) were randomly selected from the nine study centres of the university in Southwestern Nigeria. Eighty-five computer anxious freshmen who met the screening criteria were randomised into CET (30), CBT (25) and Control (30) groups. The interventions lasted eight weeks. The Computer Anxiety Scale Revised (α=0.89) with the norm of 60.0 was utilised for screening. Computer Anxiety Rating Scale (α =0.86) was used to measure the criterion variable. These were complemented by CET and CBT training guides. Analysis of covariance and Scheffe post-hoc test were utilised for data analysis at 0.05 level of significance. Participants‘ mean age was =29.69, with 56.5% females. There was a significant main effect of treatments on the management of computer anxiety of NOUN freshmen (F (2, 72)= 19.772, η2 = 0.355). Participants in the CBT ( =31.00) had the least computer anxiety compared to those in CET ( =33.10) and the control ( =38.07) groups. There was a significant main effect of age(F (1, 72)= 8.927, η2 = 0.110)on computer anxiety. The older NOUN freshmen ( = 34.15) significantly benefited more than younger NOUN freshmen ( = 44.27). There was no significant main effect of gender on computer anxiety.There were no two-way interaction effects of treatment and age and treatment and gender on computer anxiety. The three-way interaction effects of treatment, age, and gender was also not significant. Computer efficacy training and cognitive behaviour therapy were effective in managing computer anxiety of National Open University freshmen in Southwestern Nigeria. Educational and counselling psychologists should largely adopt cognitve behaviour therapy in the reduction of computer anxiety and service providers should take cognisance of age in computer appreciation training for open distance learning students. Keywords: Computer efficacy training, Cognitive behaviour therapy, Computer anxiety, National Open University of Nigeria Word count: 454
Correlates of depression and anxiety among the cancer patients in the radiotherapy clinic in UCH, Ibadan, Nigeria
(2015) Asuzu, C. C.; Adenipekun, A.
The diagnosis of cancer and its management result in several problems for cancer patients. This may result from factors some of which may be modifiable. This study was aimed at identifying the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients attending the Radiotherapy Clinic in the UCH, Ibadan and to identify the variables affecting them. The Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Fear of Progression (FOP12) scales were used to assess depression and anxiety among cancer patients. The 206 diagnosed cancer patients studied were made up of 146 (79.6%) women and 42 (20.4%) men. Some 76 (36.9%) had moderate to very high anxiety while 29 (14.1%) had borderline to severe depression. The ages ranged between 10 to 85 years with a mean of 47.84 (+/_ 16.45). In prevalence of anxiety and depression, 36.9% of the cancer patients experience varying levels of anxiety and 31.6% experience varying levels of depression. On logistic regression, age, religion, educational level and treatment type significant factors for anxiety. Specifically, being older than 40years, being a Christian, not reporting educational qualification and not yet commencing treatment compared to having surgery as the current treatment type was significant risk factors for anxiety. Only treatment type was a significant risk factor for depression that is not yet commencing treatment compared to having surgery as the current treatment type was a factor for depression. Appropriate Psychological evaluation and therapy as may be needed should be administered to all oncology patients preparing for surgery and chemotherapy to enhance their emotional and psychological wellbeing. The findings of this study have implication for establishment of psycho-oncology care in all the cancer centres in Nigeria.
Curriculum development for health professional service training in NFP and its related services
(Mike and Rita Marker, 1989) Asuzu, M. C.; Odor, O. E.; Asuzu, C. C.
The delivery of psychosocial services in an oncology setting: the Ibadan experience
(2015) Asuzu, C. C.; Akin-Odanye, E. O.
The diagnosis of cancer and its treatment have serious multiple impacts on the different domains of the patients’ lives as well as that of their caregivers. It is often challenging for patients to cope effectively with the social, emotional, spiritual and physical impact of the disease without psychosocial support. Psychosocial health services refer to those psychological and social services as well as interventions provided to patients to enable them, their families, and health care providers get the best possible care from the health care system and to manage the psychological, social/cultural and behavioral aspects of illness and its consequences so as to enhance quality of life. These psychosocial services include, but are not limited to distress screening and management through psychological interventions, group and individual counselling, nutritional counselling, psycho-education services, provisions of breast prostheses free of charge or at minimal cost etc. While giving psychosocial services to cancer patients in most of North America and Europe is almost the norm today, much is still left to be done to accomplish this in Nigeria. This paper gives an insight into what has been done so far in Nigeria to ensure that the provision of psychosocial services in oncology setting becomes part of standard care.
DETERMINANTS OF POST-PREGNANCY PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL TEENAGE MOTHERS IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA
(2015-04) ADEBISI, BOLATITO ALAKE
Transition to motherhood generally represents a major developmental milestone for all women even though it could be stressful for teenagers; because the basic physiological features for coping with pregnancy are not yet fully developed. Pregnancy, most especially among teenagers, could therefore be psychologically debilitating, physically frustrating and emotionally draining; particularly when the teenager is out-of-school. Although there are related studies on post-pregnancy psychological adjustment of women generally, only few of such studies concentrated on teenagers who are out-of-school. This study, therefore, investigated stigmatisation, social support, family support, peer support, self-esteem, self-concept, sexual debut, depression and socioeconomic status as determinants of post-pregnancy psychological adjustments of out-of-school teenage mothers. The study adopted descriptive survey design of ex-post facto type. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 42 Local Government Areas (LGAs) across Lagos (eight), Ondo (seven), Oyo (seven), Ogun (seven), Osun (seven) and Ekiti (six) where there is high prevalence of out-of-school teenage mothers. Also, the purposive sampling technique was used to select the main health centre in each of the selected LGAs. One thousand, two hundred and ninety two out-of-school teenage mothers attending post-natal clinic across the 42 health centres were purposively selected. Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (r=0.72),Teenage Mothers Post-Pregnancy Psychological Adjustment (r=0.82), Rosenberg Self-esteem (r=0.74), Self-Concept Clarity (r=0.88), Global Depression (r=0.79), Teenage Mother Stigmatisation (r=0.76), Teenage Mother Sexual Debut (r=0.78), Teenage Mother Peer Influence (r=0.72), Family Support (r=0.86) and Socio-Economic Status (r= 0.64) scales were used for data collection. These were complemented with six Focus Group Discussions sessions with selected 72 teenage mothers. Three research questions were answered and nine hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation, multiple regression and content analysis. Participants were secondary school drop outs with a mean age of 14 ± 3 years. There was a significant multiple correlation between the independent variables and post-pregnancy psychological adjustments of out-of-school teenage mothers (F(9;1282)=29.07; R=0.41) and accounted for 16.4% of its variance. Self-esteem (β=0.296), social support (β=0.13), stigmatisation (β=0.09), self-concept (β=0.08), peer influence (β= 0.06) had positive significance contributions with post-pregnancy psychological adjustments while socio-economic status (β= -0.14), depression (β=-0.13) and sexual debut (β=-0.01) had significant negative contributions but family support had none. Self-esteem (r=0.34), social support (r=0.22), self-concept (r=0.21), stigmatisation (r=0.21), peer influence (r=0.19), sexual debut (r=0.15) and depression (r=0.09) had significant correlations with post-pregnancy psychological adjustments. Teenage-motherhood among the respondents was more of a chain of action, which they imitated from their mothers/sisters and perceived as a way of life. Self-esteem, social support, stigmatization, self-concept and peer influence were the potent predictors of post-pregnancy psychological adjustment of out-of-school teenage mothers in South-West Nigeria. Counsellors and educational psychologists should integrate these factors into intervention programmes targeting out-of-school teenage mothers. Keywords: Out-of-school teenage mothers, Post-pregnancy psychological adjustment, Psycho-social variables, South-West, Nigeria Word count: 454
Determinants of quality romantic relationship among emerging adults in tertiary institutions in Oyo state, Nigeria
(Department of Social Work, University of Ibadan, 2015-06) Alade, A.O.
Romantic relationships undoubtedly play a major role in the lives of most young adults since it is the building blocks for a healthy adult marriage. However, attachment style formed in early life through interaction with caregivers and significant others and the individual’s personality composition provide a spring board for quality romantic relationship in readiness for marriage. The present study using descriptive survey research design, investigated the predictive influence of personality traits, attachment styles, age and gender on quality romantic relationship among emerging adults in tertiary institutions in Oyo state. The sample comprised male and female young adults (N=450) aged between 18- 25years old who responded to three standardized self report questionnaires. Three research questions were raised and answered in the -study. Results indicated that there was significant correlations among the independent variables with correlation coefficients ranging from r=.286 to r=.861 with quality romantic relationship. Multivariates regression analyses indicated that the contribution of the independent variable was significant [F (9,44;) = 2.37; p<.0.05] which jointly accounted for about 92.2% variation in the prediction of quality romantic relationship. Conscientiousness made the most significant contribution (β= 1.096; t= 31.483; p<0.05) to the prediction while neuroticism (β= .003; t=.128; p>0.05) and gender (β= .004; t= .007; p>0.05) had insignificant relative contribution. The study provides empirical evidence to suggest that psychological factors, like age and gender have a role to play in quality romantic relationship among emerging adults
"Development and Validation of Academic Motivation Scale among Secondary School Students."
(2017) Ogundokun, M. O.; Odofin, G. O.
"The aim of this instrumental study is to develop, validate and measure the psychometric properties of Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) among Secondary School Students in Ibadan metropolis. The study adopted a survey research design. The participants in the study were 432 (228 male; and 204 female) Secondary School Students randomly selected from public secondary schools in Ibadan metropolis. Their age ranged between 12 and 18 years and with mean age of 14.3 years. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to analysis the data. In purification process, items with low total-item correlation, using 0.3 as a baseline, were discarded. The three-factor CFA loadings were all strong and above .40. For the Model fitness of the Scale to theoretical construct, the Chi-Square Goodness of Fit (GOF) obtained was significant (x2 df = (32) = 227.219; p<.001). Other fitness measure (i.e. RMSEA = <0.08; CFI = 0.90; and Coefficient of Determination (CD) for the residual =0.99 (99%) proved the fitness of the developed scale to the theoretical construct. As expected, the sub-scales of AMS significantly correlated (Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Motivation; r = .370 p<.001) however, Amotivation and Intrinsic Motivation (r = -.094 p>.05); Amotivation and Extrinsic Motivation (r = .022 p>.05) were not significant. The study proved the construct validity of the scale. The internal consistencies of the sub-scales were obtained as: Intrinsic (5 items), a =.83; Extrinsic (5 items) a =.72; Amotivation, (3 items) a =.70; Overall Academic Motivation Scale, (13 items) a =.74. The study has implication for students, motivational mechanism and directions are understood to reduce the number of academic failure and drop-out. It was recommended that Counselling Psychologists should look into the motivational tendencies of helping students in diagnosing problematic areas of those that are not motivated towards academics. "
Development and validation of sexual abstinence scale (SAS)
(African Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2013) Asuzu, C.
The Sexual Abstinence Scale (SAS) is designed to assess healthy sexual behaviour among adolescents as a way to reduce the incidence of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. This cross sectional study took place in two phases. The first phase comprised of 1030 adolescents randomly selected from senior classes in secondary schools in three out of five local government areas within Ibadan municipality. The second phase had 250 participants also randomly selected from senior secondary classes, items generated for the scale were obtained from an extensive literature review. The content validity of the instrument was confirmed through peer reviews of experts in the field of adolescent sexuality. The internal consistencies for the six sub-scales were .8430 for knowledge of sexual abstinence sub-scale, .8170 for perceived risk of sexual abstinence sub-scale, .6310 for attitude towards sexual abstinence sub-scale, .9380 for perceived benefits of sexual abstinence subscale, .7910 for sexual abstinence self-efficacy sub-scale, .8030 sexual abstinence education sub-scale and .8860 for the full scale. The relevance of this scale to stakeholders in adolescent’s reproductive health behaviour, counsellors, researchers as well as the limitations are discussed.
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF MODEL-REINFORCEMENT AND DESENSITIZATION TECHNIQUES IN IMPROVING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
(1984-10) ADEDIPE, V. O.
The present study was designed to investigate the relative effectiveness of Model-reinforcement and systematic desensitization group counselling techniques in fostering academic performance. The review of the literature is presented in the following sequence: (i) Dimension of the problem of poor academic performance (ii) Early and significant studies and writings on poor academic performance. (iii) Studies on group counselling in relation to academic performance. (iv) Some efforts and recommendations for the improvement of poor academic performance. The subjects of the study were 144 Form four students (72 boys and 72 girls) randomly drawn from the population of low achieving students of two secondary schools in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State of Nigeria. One school was for the model-reinforcement group counselling while the other school was for desensitization group counselling. Baseline and criterion data were collected on four variables; namely, pre and post test scores of Self – Appraisal of Academic Ability Scale (SAAAS), Progressive Matrices Test (PMT), English Achievement Test (EAT) and, Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT). The treatment for the experimental subjects was once a week. The data collected were put int. a 3 x 3 x 2 factorial design, where the independent variables included (a) model – reinforcement group counselling for subjects arranged in general, triadic and dyadic groups; (b) desensitization group counseling for subjects arranged in general, triadic and dyadic groups versus no treatment groups, and (c) male subjects versus female subjects. The main effects and interaction were tested in five null hypotheses stating that within reference to “a” “b” and “c” there is no significant difference in academic performance and degree of academic involvement of both the experimental and control groups. The data collected before and after counselling were subjected to analysis of covariance. The results of the study lend support to the conclusions which follow. First, counselling in both model reinforcement and desensitization is more effective than no counseling in improving academic performance - English Achievement Test (F = 68.619, df 1/140, P<.001), Mathematics Achievement Test (F=62.558 , df 1/140, P<.001); and also in increasing the degree of academic involvement - (F = 7.442, df 1/140, P<.001). Second, model – reinforcement group counselling is as effective as desensitization group counseling for improving academic performance - English Achievement Test (F = 0.496, df 2/138, P = NS); Mathematics Achievement Test (F = 2.962, df 2/138 P = NS); and also, no differential effectiveness was found among, the two therapies in increasing the degree of academic involvement (F = 1.852, 2/138, P = NS). Third, that, The group dynamics had no significant effects on the degree of academic involvement of subjects treated under The two group counseling strategies (F = 2.257, 3/138, P = NS). Based on the results and findings of the study, the major implications far counselling were discussed; directions for further research were presented.
Differential effectiveness of two creativity techniques in enhancing creativity motivation of some Nigerian adolescent prisoners
(Department of Guidance and Counselling, University of Ibadan, 2002-06) Animasahun, R. A.
This study investigated the differential effectiveness' of Six Thinking Hats and Akinboye's Prqctical Creativity At Work (APCAW) techniques in enhancing the creativity of some Nigerian adolescent prisoners. The study sample was 135 convicted adolescent prisoners whose ages ranged from 18-21 with a mean of 19.5 randomly selected from Agodi Prison, Ibadan, Oyo State and Ilesa Prison, Osun State. The subjects were randomly assigned to the two intervention conditions and control group. The treatment lasted for six weeks of twelve sessions. A 3 x 3 experimental design was adopted. The validated instruments namely: the Creativity Motivation Scale in lbadan Creativity Assessment Scale (ICAS) and Self Concept Scale in the Adolescent Personal Data Inventory (APDI) were used. The results indicated that subjects exposed to treatments performed significantly better than the control group on measure of creativity motivation of the subjects. On differential effectiveness basis, however, APCAW technique took the lead. On the basis of the finding, it was suggested that Nigerian Prisoners should undergo training in creativity so as to be adequately equipped to cope with life after incarceration
Disparities in psychosocial cancer care: a report from the international federation of psycho-oncology societies
(Wiley Online Library, 2016) Grassi, L.; Fujisawa, D.; Odyio, P.; Asuzu, C.; Ashley, L.; Bultz, B.; Travado, L.; Feilding, R.
Background The aim of the study was to understand the characteristics of the International Federation of Psycho‐oncology Societies (FPOS) and possible disparities in providing psychosocial care in countries where psycho‐oncology societies exist. Method A survey was conducted among 29 leaders of 28 countries represented within the FPOS by using a questionnaire covering (i) characteristics of the society; (ii) characteristics of the national health care system; (iii) level of implementation of psycho‐oncology; and (iv) main problems of psycho‐oncology in the country. Results Twenty‐six (90%) FPOS returned the questionnaires. One‐third reported to have links with and support from their government, while almost all had links with other scientific societies. The FPOS varied in their composition of members' professions. Psychosocial care provision was covered by state‐funded health services in a minority of countries. Disparities between countries arose from different causes and were problematic in some parts of the world (eg, Africa and SE Asia). Elsewhere (eg, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe), austerity policies were reportedly responsible for resource shortages with negative consequences on psychosocial cancer care. Half of FPOS rated themselves to be integrated into mainstream provision of care, although lack of funding was the most common complain. Conclusions The development and implementation of psycho‐oncology is fragmented and undeveloped, particularly in some parts of the world. More effort is needed at national level by strong coalitions with oncology societies, better national research initiatives, cancer plans, and patient advocacy, as well as by stronger partnership with international organizations (eg, World Health Organization and Union for International Cancer Control).