DEPARTMENT OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING

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A comparative analysis of age, social media and mental health: a curse or a blessing
(Department of Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, 2020-07) Adeyemi, A. O.; Ajayi, V.
In recent time, plethora of events has shown mental health cases among undergraduates. Some of these include suicide Intention, anxiety, depression, and sleeplessness. The mental health of undergraduates calls for concern which requires an investigative consideration of personal-social factors underpinning variance in mental health status. That is, a comparative analysis of age, social media exposure and mental health: A curse or blessing. This study adopted casual comparative design. A sample of 250 undergraduate students was randomly selected from the University of Ibadan. Two reliable measuring scales (Social media exposure; a = 0.77, Mental health; a = 0.72) were used for collection. T-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) used to analyse the data. The study discovered a significant difference in the mental health of undergraduates based on social media exposure (t(248)= 13.21, p<0.05, partial ɳ1 = 0.08). Participants with high social media exposure (ẋ- 48.3) had lower mental health than those with lower social media exposure (ẋ= 35.2). A significant difference in the mental health of undergraduates based on age; 44.43, p<0.05, partial ɳ2 = 0.35). It was further discovered that participants within the ages of 21 and 24 years (ẋ= 34.4) had higher mental health than those within the ages of 16 and 20 years (ẋ= 29.5). By implication, older undergraduates hove better mental health than the younger ones. Based on findings, it was recommended that university managements should adjust their policy for admission arriving at the exposure of psychological instrument that can determine the intelligent level of the candidates to know their mental age and determine eligibility for admission; in order to ascertain that the candidate is mature enough to handle academic pressure. Counselling psychology unit of the department are expected to champion this mental health screening and remediation within the university system. Also, undergraduate students are enjoined not to be committed to online friends so as to reduce negative feedbacks that come from online relationships.
A correlational investigation of psychological wellbeing, academic self- efficacy, school climate and academic performance among female undergraduate students of University of Ibadan, Nigeria
(2016) Adeyemi, A. O.
Observations reveal that only few exceptional female undergraduates perform at their best in Nigeria institutions, host of others struggle to have good grades. This has lead to more female students’ frustration and dropout rate which attracted an investigation of psychological-wellbeing, academic self efficacy and school climate as correlate of academic achievement of female undergraduate students University of Ibadan. A descriptive research design of the correlational type was adopted for this study. An array of reliable measuring scales was used for the data collection. A sample of 55 female students was randomly selected 200 level guidance and counseling students in the University of Ibadan. The study recorded a significant relationship among the variables through a zero order correlation. A significant joint effect of psychological-wellbeing, academic self efficacy, school climate and academic achievement was found. The most potent factor was academic efficacy; followed by psychological wellbeing, and school climate. This justifies that female undergraduate student academic performance is likely to improve with increased influence of psychological wellbeing, academic self efficacy and good school climate. Therefore, it was recommended that the student affairs should monitor student performing below required and refer them to the counselor. The University counseling unit was enjoined to organized academic booster programmes to enhance the confidence of students towards achieving success. University administrators and the federal government should make all facilities available to make the school environment homely.
Academic corruption among nigerian students: the roles of contextual and personal factors
(Harvesting global scientific knowledge for development of African higher education, In collaboration with Faculty of Education, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana, 2019-06) Adeyemi A. O.
The Contemporary educational environment is flocked with cheating, plagiarism, unauthorized collaboration, purchased essays and term papers, shred test and quiz files, and identity spoofing for online and departmental examinations, to undermine commonly understood, long-standing educational ideals in Nigerian institutions. This motivated the need to investigate the roles contextual and personal factors play in academic corruption among Nigerian students. A correlational design was adopted with a sample of 250 undergraduates randomly selected from five faculties of the University of Ibadan. Data were collected using three measuring scales, Institutional Integrity Policy Scale, a=0.752, Peer culture, a= 0.731 and Academic Corruption scale; a=. 702). Three research questions were stated and tested at 0.05 level of significance using Pearson’s product moment correlation (PPMC) and multiple linear regression. It was discovered that there was a significant relationship between academic corruption and institutional integrity policy (r= 0.530, p<0.01) peer culture (r- 0.458, p<0.05) and age (r= 0.210, p<0.05) and gender (r= 0.101, p<0.05). The regression model showed institutional integrity policy (Beta = .750, t- 14.011, P<0.01) as the highest predictor of academic corruption followed by peer culture (Beta = -.467, t= -9.475, P<0.01), gender (Beta = .111, t= 1.877, P<0.05), but not with age (Beta = .008, t = 0.327, P>0.05). Among others, it was recommended that university administrators and faculty staff should rise to their responsibilities to ensure that students adhere to the ethics of academic integrity through an enforcement policy. The university counselling unit and the disciplinary committee should ensure that a corruption free culture is instilled in students through adequate disciplinary measures. Sincerity and integrity should also be rewarded.
Adherence self-efficacy, interpersonal forgiveness and perceived social supports as nexus of subjective well-being among people living with hiv /aids in Akwa-Ibom, Nigeria
(2019-01) Ofole, N. M.
Correlational design was adopted to investigate the relationship among adherence self- efficacy, interpersonal forgiveness and perceived social support on subjective-well-being of PLWHA in Akwa-Ibom state. Purposive sampling technique was used to select one hundred persons living with HIV and AIDS from the state chapter of Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria (NEPWHAN) made of fifty-six males and forty-four females with age ranging from 18-to 45 years and mean age of 31.5. They responded to four self-report measures. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC), t-test for independents samples and multiple regressions were utilised to analysis three questions. Results show that independent variables have linear relationship with the subjective well-being of respondents. Further, interpersonal forgiveness was most potent in predicting subjective well-being (fi = 0.464, t = 6.011, P < 0.05) followed by perceived social support (fi = 0.233, t =3.898, P < 0.05), while the least was adherence self- efficacy (P = 0.053, t = 0.707, P >0.05). It was concluded that subjective well-being is associated with personal and socio-psychological factors. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings were discussed.
Adolescents sense of identity and its implications for developmentally appropriate interventions for building a safer world through education
(Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2017) Ofole, N. M.
A major concern of educational institutions, families and researchers is the reports from various sources that sizeable numbers of Nigerian adolescents have fragmented, confused, or poorly structured sense of identity which may render them susceptible to external events. Adolescents' sense of identity is therefore, largely unexplored research domain that could benefit from greater attention. This study utilized correlational survey design to examine the pattern of relationship between self-efficacy, parental supports, peer influence, internet usage and sense of identity among adolescents. Two hundred and sixty students (Male=121; Female=139) between 15-18years (x=13.05; SD=14.2) were drawn from secondary schools in Nnewi, Anambra State using simple random sampling technique in four stages. Five standardized self-report questionnaires namely; Serafini and Adams Sense of Identity scale (r=0.78); Jerusalem and Schwarzer General Self Efficacy measure (r=0.76); Pasquali and Araujo Parental Perception Questionnaire (r=0.077); Steinberg and Monahan Resistance to Peer Influence scale (r=0.74) and Young Internet Addiction Test (r=0.79) were used for data collection. Pearson Product Moment correlation result show that while adolescent sense of identity has negative relationship with self-efficacy (r = -.441; p<.05) positive relationship exist with peer influence (r =.253; p<.05). There was no significant relationship with parental supports and internet usage on sense of identity. Multiple regressions analysis revealed that the independent variables contributed 21.0% of the variance in adolescents' sense of identity. Self-efficacy made the most potent (=-409; t (258) =-.6963; P<0.05) contribution in predicting sense of identity. The researcher concluded that for education to contribute significantly towards making the world safer there is urgent need to incorporate enhancement of self efficacy into educational and counselling interventions for in-school adolescents.
Adolescents’ premarital sexual behaviour: the roles of peer pressure, socio-economic status and parent-child relationship
(2019-01) Adeyemi, A. O.
In recent times, there are records of prevalence of mortality among adolescents owing to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unwanted pregnancy, abortion, induced pregnancy and related issues. This disastrous situation is traceable to adolescents' engagement in premarital sexual behaviour. This motivated an examination of peer pressure, socio-economic status, and parent-child relationship as correlates of adolescents’ premarital sexual behaviour. The study adopted descriptive survey design of the ex-post facto type. Three hundred adolescents were randomly sampled from secondary schools in Ibadan South-East Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Data were collected using reliable instruments (Premarital Sexual Behaviour Scale a-0.87; Parental-Child Relationship Scale a =0.77; Socio-economic Status Scale a =0.73; Peer Influence Scale a = 0.75). Three research questions were raised and answered at 0.05 level of significance using Pearson's Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis. The study discovered that peer pressure (r = .883, P<0.01), parental socio-economic status (r = -.203, P<0.01) and parent-child relationship (r = -.536, P<0.01) significantly correlated with adolescents' premarital sexual behaviour. Among others, it was recommended that parents should build a healthy relationship with adolescents so as to be able to monitor and guide them against premarital sexual behaviour while school administrators and policy makers should intensify the teaching of sex education in secondary schools in order to acquaint adolescents with the dangers inherent in premarital sexual behaviour
Age, gender, religion and physical location as predictors of the social interactions of some Nigerian adolescents during puberty
(African Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2006) AjiboIa, O.F.; Tiwatola, A.F.; Moses, O.O.
The study investigated the influence of four demographic variables on the social interactions of 250 Nigerian adolescents during the period of puberty. The mean age of participants 14.75 years for females and 15.01 years for males Using an ex-post facto research design, a pretested self- reporting scale (The Adolescent Social Interaction in Puberty Scale) was used to elicit data on the composite and relative contribution of identified demographic variables as influence on the social interactions of participants during puberty. Three research hypotheses were tested using Multiple Regression and the t-test statistical analysis. Findings indicated that demographic variables jointly influenced the social interactions of the adolescents sampled in the study, while the relative effects of variables showed that age of adolescent and their urban/ rural location significantly influenced social interactions during puberty. Social interaction was more pronounced towards a friend of the opposite sex and peers, with adolescents indicating little or no parental influence on their social interactions during puberty. Gender differentials were minimal (t-1.29, p=0.05) but age of adolescents (t=2.06 p=0.05) and their physical location greatly influenced social interactions during puberty (t=2.9 p=0.05). Implications of findings were highlighted.
An assessment of barriers to uptake of hiv counselling and testing among out-of-school youth in Ebonyi state, Nigeria
(Department of Social Work, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2020-06) Ofole, N. M.
HIV counselling and testing (HCT) is the entry point to HIV care and supports. There are still major research gaps regarding why there is low uptake of HCT among out-of-school youths. This study examined the barriers to HCT among out-of-school youths in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. Seventy out-of-school youths with age range of 15-24 years and mean years of 18.5 years purposely drawn from artisans in Ebonyi state participated in the study. Three sessions of FGD were held with the 2 age categories (15-18 & 19 - 24 years). In addition to note taking, all the sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed. Content analysis was done and the following themes emerged: (1) dominant barrier to HCT was fear associated with HCT results and stigma. Other barriers include: (2) low level of HIV knowledge, (3) low risk perception and (4) ignorance of HCT location in Ebonyi State. It concluded that there are individual and social factors which act as barriers to out-of-school youths to seek HIV testing in Ebonyi State. To increase youth utilization of HCT service, there is a need to address these barriers when developing a model for out-of-school youths.
An assessment of success made in local government empowerment programmes and economic empowerment of youth in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State
(HIS LINEAGE PUBLISHING HOUSE, 2016) Adeyemi A. O.; Oladunmoye, E. O.
This study examined an assessment of success made in local government empowerment programmes and economic empowerment of youth. The study adopted descriptive research of the expo-facto type. A sample of 295 participants was randomly selected. Reliable instrument were used to collect data from participants still in business. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product, moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The result shows that there was a positive significant relationship between Empowerment Programme and Economic Status. But not with social status. It was also discovered that in reverse empowerment was jointly predicted by economic and social status. But economic status is the only potent predictor of empowerment programme. Among others it was recommended that the federal government should encourage all other non-governmental organisation to also assist in empowering youth in the country.
An examination of parental control, peer influence, socio-economic status and career choice among secondary school students in Ibadan
(2019) Adeyemi, A. O.
In recent times, there has been series of problem ranging the world of work. Problems such as career mismatch, un-employability of graduates, downsizing, and the doubt on the quality of procedure for the award of university certificates in the world of work. This activated an examination of parental control, peer influence and socio-economic status as predictors of students’ career choice among secondary school students in Ibadan North Local Government area. This study adopted descriptive survey design of the ex-post facto type. A sample of 288 students was randomly selected. Four reliable measuring scales were used for collection. Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that there was a significant relationship between parental control, peer influence, socio-economic status and students’ career choice. Multiple regression analysis revealed that parental control, peer influence »and socio-economic status jointly contributed to the prediction of students’ career choice. While it was discovered that the most potent factor was peer influence (Beta = /798, t < 7.934, P<0.01), followed by parental control (Beta =.490, t - 4.167, P<0.01). But socio-economic status (Beta = .052, t = 0.776, P<0.05) is not a potent predictor of students’ career choice. This implies that any change career in adolescent choice is an evidence of increase; in parental control and peer influence. While socioeconomic status is not a significant predictor of students’ career choice. Among others, it was recommended that school counselors should expose students to various career options to save them from being confused by parent and peers. Parents were enjoined to allow their children to choose the career they think it is best based on sound understanding so as to help them fit the work environment and demand of the career. While students also enjoined not to imitate their peers in making their choice of career but to look inward and compare their ability with the demands of their career.
Analysis of differential item functioning on computer studies multiple choice questions in WAEC senior secondary school certificate examinations
(Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, 2018) Fehintola, J. O.; Omolola, A. T.
The study analysed the differential item functioning of computer studies multiple choice items by WAEC. The study adopted descriptive research design of survey type. Stratified random sampling was used for the and the sample size was 150 participants from public and private secondary schools in Ogun state and the sample contain both male and female students from rural and urban areas of the state. The study answered three research questions. The study used WAEC pass questions to establish items discrimination and items difficulties. The finding showed that the location, gender and school type affected students' performance. Based on this, the researcher recommends that the examination bodies should ensures that the items are not too difficult for the testees; moderate the difficulty level of their items and that government should level the differences between private and public school
Analysis of Students’ Perceived and Actual Weaknesses as Correlates of Performance in Mathematics in Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination in Oyo State Nigeria
(Department of Guidance and Counselling, University of Ibadan, 2011) Fehintola, J. O
The low levels of mathematical attainment of students at the secondary school level of the educational system in the country have given patriotic Nigerians a worry. This is so because of the universally held assumption of the importance of mathematics to the growth and development of mankind. This study made use of descriptive research design. The studs is restricted to ten local government areas in Ibadan land with one secondary school in each local government. The sample for this study was made up of ten senior secondary schools using simple random sampling procedure to select school in each local government area. Also, simple random sampling was used to pick one arm of Senior Secondary class three in each school, and all the students in the class selected were used for the study. Three research instruments were used with reliability coefficients of0.72, 0.62 and 0.67 respectively. Results from the study indicated that students take mathematics in the senior school certificate examinations without a strong ability to remember, write formulae correctly and to apply the formulae correctly. They also have the wrong notion that mathematics is a difficult subject. To achieve success and enhance performance, the students must as a matter of necessity be able to cultivate mathematical skill so as to be able to better their lot. Students of mathematics who cannot perform basic mathematical operations and their characteristics will surely be unable to answer any question correctly in mathematics. Also thinking that mathematics is a difficult subject, shows how careless and lazy die present day students are. In conclusion, teachers of mathematics are expected to reorganize their teaching methods and personal relationship with their students to stimulate interest and love for mathematics. Better attention should he given to the teaching of English language and mathematics in schools. Teachers should also adopt the pattern of the external examinations, in setting and marking interned examinations. More emphasis on assignments, basic mathematics symbols and basic mathematical operations should be given to the students. Recommendations were made that students should be made to realize and appreciate that no school subject is more difficult or simpler than the others. Professional and highly skilled teachers should be recruited to help improve the status of mathematics in the schools.
Antecedents of risky sexual practices among adolescents in military secondary schools in Oyo State, Nigeria
(2015) Ofole, N. M.
The crux of this study is to examine the predictive influence of peer pressure, sexual communication and parental influence as antecedents of risky sexual practices among adolescents in Oyo State military barracks secondary schools. Five hundred and one representative samples of adolescents with age range of 10 - 23 years and mean years of 17 ± 2.1 drawn using simple random sampling technique participated in the study. Respondents filled four standardized self-report scales. Results of the Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis revealed that sexual communication and parental influence have inverse relationship (p<.05) with risky sexual practices. While a positive relationship exists between peer influence and risky sexual practices. The independent variables jointly accounted for 13.7 % of variance in the prediction of sexual practices of the respondents. The study underscores the need for tailored interventions that will involve parents in order to mitigate risky sexual practices for adolescents living in uniformed personnel neighbourhood.
Assessing cancer patients’ quality of life and coping mechanisms in radiotherapy department of the University College Hospital Ibadan
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2013-05) Asuzu, C. C.; Elumelu, T. N.
Background: Cancer is often associated with a lot of pain and suffering. These suggest that coping with the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of cancer is a major life stressor that is capable of influencing patients’ quality of life (QoL). Purpose: The purpose of the study is to assess the relationship between cancer patients’ QoL dimensions and coping strategies in the Radiotherapy Department of the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: Data were collected on clinic days from all available and consenting cancer patients who were receiving treatment at the radiotherapy department. Participants were informed of their right to decline to fill the questionnaires. Result: In this study, 237 cancer patients participated. They had an age range of 15 to 95 years with a mean age of 49.91 years. There was significant inverse relationship between physical well-being with behavioural disengagement, venting, planning and self-blame (p<0.05); social/family well-being has significant linear relationship with active coping, emotional support, positive reframing, instrumental support, acceptance and religion (p<0.05); emotional well-being has significant inverse relationship with behavioural disengagement and self-blame (p<0.05); functional well-being has significant linear relationship with active coping, instrumental support and acceptance (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is important to assess cancer patients for the kind of coping strategies they are adopting to use in coping with their cancer burden, thereby guiding against lower QoL due to negative coping strategies. Intervention programmes could be developed to help cancer patients adopt more positive and effective coping strategies to improve patients’ QoL.
Assessing learners' satisfaction towards support services delivery in National Open University Nigeria: implications for counselling services
(i-manager Publications, 2013-10) Okopi, F.; Ofole, N.
This study aims to determining the level of students' satisfaction of learner support services in the study centres of NOUN National Open University of Nigeria and whether the support services offered at the study centres have significant influence on the level of students' satisfaction. A descriptive survey of ex-post facto research design was adopted for this research. Stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting two thousand, one hundred and sixty (2160) samples from eighteen (18) study centres; made up of three (3) study centres in each of the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Two hypotheses subjected to Percentile statistics, Friedman Rank Test and Post hoc Wilcoxon Rank Tests via SPSS version 20 at the level of .00 and .01 asymptotic significant level respectively were formulated and analysed in the study The results indicated symbolising significant differences among students' in their satisfaction with learner support services provided by their study centres. Significant difference was also observed on the basis of the geopolitical zones, as learner support services were adjudged to be unsatisfactory in five study centres. Suggestions were offered on how to alleviate the identified problems.
"Assessment and Management of Poor Performance in Mathematics: Using Academic Self-Efficacy and Cognitive Restructuring Techniques."
(2016) Ogundokun, M. O.
"The study investigated the effect of cognitive restructuring therapy on poor performance in Mathematics among Secondary School Students. Sixty Senior Secondary School (SSS 11) Students were used for the study. The research adopted a pretest, posttest and control group quasi experimental design with a 2x2x2 factorial matrix. Two schools were randomly selected from two different Local Government Areas in Ibadan. 30 participants each were randomly selected for the treatment and control group from the two selected schools. The major instruments used for the study were Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) r= .80 and Mathematic Performance Test (MPT) r = .77. The data were analysed with the aid of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The finding indicates that the participants exposed to Cognitive Restructuring Therapy showed a significant improvement in their mathematics performance than those in control group. It was also found that Academic Self-Efficacy when properly managed has a significant effect on mathematics performance of students. It is recommended that Cognitive Restructuring Therapy should be used by the Counselling Psychologists to intensify their effort to make use of the intervention in their strategies for counselling "
Assessment of Challenges Facing Children with Special Needs in Oyo State, Nigeria
(Department of Spécial Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., 2019) Fehintola, J. O.
This paper, discusses the challenges of spécial needs schools among physically challenged individuals in Oyo State, Nigeria. Some of these challenges faced by the physically challenged children in Oyo State in attending quality spécial needs schools are lack of intégration, stigmatization, social relations, transition to a regular school, expensiveness of tuition fees, incongruence between learning environment, lack of trained teachers in spécial éducation, poor policy implémentation, lack of adéquate guidance services for the parents of spécial needs children, poor legal supports System, poor health care System, poor/negative attitude ffom the society and inadéquate plans for the identification of spécial needs children. Based on these findings it is recommended that teachers should be trained on spécial éducation for the benefits of physically challenged children; govemment should enhance teacher éducation with the infusion of information technology in training teachers at ail level on job training and in-service programme on spécial éducation. This will go a long way to influence teachers' attitude towards educating the physically challenged children. Govemment should establish spécial needs schools in every local govemment area to cater for the physically challenged children.
Assessment of ecological predictors of moral decadence in Oyo State, Nigeria
(Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, 2022-06) Fehintola, J. O.; Adeyemi, A. O.
This study determined the factors responsible for moral decadence hope that such findings will pave the way to remedy that will help in finding solutions to the challenges facing the adolescents in our society. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design of the ex-post-facto type among the characteristics of the adolescents and young children in Oyo State, Nigeria with the ex-post-facto type. The population of the study cut across the age categories of adults from age 30 and above. Stratified random sampling was used to get the samples for the study. The population involved were male and female and of different ethnic groups with 250 Yoruba, 167 Hausa and 83 Igbo. A self-administered method of data collection was used with a reliable and valid instrument. The instrument was divided into six sections. The first category measured the demographic information of the respondents, while sections B to F measured the government, society, school, religious organisations, the parents and the children themselves a contribution to the adolescents and youths moral decadence in the State. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.87. The instrument response format patterned after the Likert format, ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The findings showed that the government, society, parents, school and religious organisations have lost the expected roles on morality. Parenting style, unwillingness to take to correction by the children, get-rich-quick syndrome, parents looking for money at the detriment of taking care of the children, possession of the sophisticated phone, exposure to bad films, the use of hard drugs, broken home; age at marriage, not having good role model, unemployment and so on, and many others are the reasons why the society has experience incivility in the towns and cities. The researcher concluded that the problems with children are caused by the government, schools and religious organisations, society, parents and the children themselves. Recommendations were made that urgent attention should be taken to impart good behaviour in to the life of our adolescents, that schools and religious organisations should do the needful by teaching the fear of God that will make them be good children in the society.
Assessment of the virtual learning approach on academic outcome among underachievers: implication for post-COVID-19 adjustment
(2020-06) Adeyemi, A. O.
The unanticipated impediment to the teaching-learning process amid poor academic returns in the Nigerian educational system due to the emergence of COVID-19 is worrisome. Juggling prevention for survival and knowledge enhancement for increased performance becomes a difficult decision to make in the face of high mortality reports across developed and developing countries. This created an impetus to investigate perceived effectiveness of the virtual learning approach on academic outcome among underachieving students in Ibadan, having gender as a moderator. Descriptive research design was adopted in this study with randomly sampled 150 underachieving students (male = 70, female= 80) from private secondary schools in Ibadan. Data were collected through academic outcome test (Rr = 0.871) with three hypotheses raised and tested at 0.05 level of significance using independent sample t-test. The result showed that there was a significant difference in the academic outcome of students who experienced virtual learning approach and those exposed to the traditional approach; t (148)= 2.170, p <0.05, η2 = 0.031. The students exposed to virtual learning (mean= 56.24) had higher academic outcome than those exposed to the traditional learning approach (mean= 45.71). There was a significant difference in the academic outcome of male and female exposed to virtual learning; t (73) = 2.418, p <0.05, η2= 0.029. The male (mean= 22.41) students exposed to virtual learning had higher academic score than their female (mean= 20.72) counter-parts. There was no significant difference in the academic outcome of male and female students who did not experience virtual learning during the COVID-19 lockdown. Among others it was recommended that, in order to curtail an unexpected pandemic that can affect learning, virtual class should be encouraged as a regular school approach to teaching students. Furthermore, provision should be made for updating and upgrading teachers on how to instruct and engage all students through virtual learning tools.
"Attitude of education stakeholders towards maintenance of school resources: an educational psychologists perspective , "
(His Lineage Publishing House, 2013-07) Ogundokun, M. O.; Ogunlade, O. O.
This paper examined the relevance of maintenance of school resources in the achievement of educational goals and objectives. It equally highlights the quantity and quality of the school resources within the reach of schools. Attention was highly paid on non-challant attitude of some education stakeholders (parents, teachers, government and even the students who are direct beneficiary of all educational programmes). Most of them holds, carelessly, some major school resources such as turning out school premises to political meetings and other social engagement which reduces the quality and quantity of materials available in the school setting there after some recommendations were made which includes among others; government should encourage education stakeholders to maintain school resources adequately to avoid a waste. School resources must be provided and maintained correctly by education stakeholders. Political meetings and other social meetings in school should be stopped. The general public should be sensitize to the need for maintenance culture in the school and the society at large etc.