DEPARTMENT OF FOREST RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

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GROWTH PREDICTION IN SOME PLANTATIONS OF EXOTIC TREE SPECIES IN THE NORTHERN GUINEA AND DERIVED SAVANNA ZONES OF NIGERIA
(1985-06) ADEGBEHIN, J. O.
Growth studies which include diameter distribution using the Weibull function, development of stand volume models, and construction of provisional top height-age and total volume production-age curves for the average site class were carried out in plantations of Eucalyptus cloeziana, E. tereticornis and Pinus caribaea. The study locations were Kabama (Zaria) and Afaka (both typical of Northern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria), Nimbia (Derived savanna zone) and Miango, Vom and Ta-Hoss (on the Jos Plateau). E. cloeziana represented only at Afaka had 4 experimental sample plots with age range of 4.2 - 15.5 years. E. tereticornis represented at Kabama and Afaka had 6 sample plots with ages from 3.7 - 15.5 while P. caribaea represented in all the study locations except Zaria had 43 plots with ages between 4.7 - 29 years. In fitting the Weibull distribution to the individual diameter plot data, WWINGO, the most suitable Weibull (program) subroutine for determining the Weibrill parameters in the stands, was capable of describing the diameter distribution in the plots as from the minimum age of 4 years for E. cloeziana and 6 years each for E. tereticornis and P. caribaea. On testing the Weibull parameter predictive models constructed (based on stand attributes and site factors) in new stands, while those of E. cloeziana and E. tereticornis gave good predictions as from the respective minimum age limits stated above, those of P. caribaea did not give reliable predictions until the age of 10 years. With reference to the stand volume model developed for each species, that of E. cloeziana gave the best prediction with the root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.25 m3/ha, followed by that of E. tereticornis with RMSE of 4.7 m3/ha and that of P. caribaea with RMSE of 10.1 m3/ha. The models predicted well within the range of field data when tested in new stands. Out of the three functions used in fitting the provisional top height-age (site index) curve for the average site class for each species, the Gompertz model, in most cases, gave better fittings than the Logistic while the polynomial function was the poorest. Based on the best-fit model for each species and some other criteria, a provisional average site class was defined as top height of 27.4 m at a reference age of 13 years for E. cloeziana, 24.8 m at the age of 15 years for E. tereticornis and 23.4 m at age 20 for P. caribaea. The Gompertz model was also more reliable than the Logistic in fitting the provisional average total volume production-age curve for each of the species. A maximum total volume production of about 240 m3/ha at age 13.4 years, 286 m3/ha at age 19.4 years and 726 m3/ha at age 30 could be obtained for E. cloeziana, E. tereticornis and P. caribaea, respectively, on an average site. The applications of the Weibull parameter predictive models in forest management, and the expected optimum rotation ages for the species in view of the growth figures obtained from the other growth models were discussed.
A preliminary evaluation of the flexural properties of wood veneer laminated cement-bonded particleboard from tropical hardwood species
(Dehra Dun, U.P. : Timber Development Association of India, 1995-07) Oyagade, A. O.; Badejo, S. O. O.; Omole, O. A.
Variations in Fruit and Seed Characteristics and Germination of Tetrapleura Tetraptera (Schum & Thonn.) Taub. From Different Sources in South - Western Nigeria.
(1999) Jimoh, S.O.; Okali, D.U.U.
"An assessment was carried out of variability in fruit and seed characteristics and the effects of seed source and seed size on germination of Tetrapleura tetraptera from four sources in South-Western Nigeria. The sources were Emure-Ekiti (Lat. 7°26’N and Long. 5°30’E); Ikoyi-Ue (Lat. 8°15’N and Long. 4°49’E); Osogbo (Lat. 7° 46’ and Long 4°35’E) and Sapele (Lat. 5°55’N and Long. 5°46’E). Fruit length and diameter were determined using a string and a metre-ruler, while fruit and seed weights were measured with an electronic balance and the number of seeds per pod was counted. Seeds were categorised into two, based on sources and size classes for germination studies. Seed dormancy was broken using concentrated Tetra-oxo-sulphate VI acid. The seeds were thoroughly washed in distilled water before sowing in germination boxes filled with top soil.Significant variations were observed both in fruit and seed characteristics and in germination. Mean pod length ranged from 21,60cm to 24.39cm with coefficient of variation of 5.90%. Pod diameter ranged from 3.95cm to 7.5cm with 6.9% coefficient of variation. Mean pod weight ranged from 34.94g to 57.46g with coefficient of variation of 11.11%. The number of seeds per pod varied between 10.46 and 14.04 with coefficient of variation of 14.92%. Seed length varied between 9.12 and 9.78mm with coefficient of variation of 2.58%, while seed diameter and seed weight ranged from 6.26mm to 7.00mm and 1.50g to 1.76g respectively. The coefficient of variation for seed diameter was 7.05% while that of seed weight was 6.91%. Germination pattern also varied according to seed size classes and sources. The largest size class (10.7mm+) gave the highest cummulative germination percentage of 88.2% and a germination rate of 12.52 seeds per day. The size class 6.0 - 7.5mm gave the lowest cummulative germination percentage of 57.5% and a germination rate of 8.19 seeds per day. Seeds from Ikoyi-Ile had a total germination percentage of 92.8% and a germination rate of 12 seeds per day. The lowest total germination of 56.6% was recorded for Osogbo. Interaction effects between mother trees and seed source were significant. There was, however, no significant interaction between seed size and seed source"
Senna siamea (LAM) and its potential for protective forestry
(1999) Oluwadare, A. O.; Omole, A. O.
There is problem of desertification worldwide. It is most prevailing in the northern part of Nigeria where the scanty vegetation cover is being destroyed daily for firewood. Firewood problem has been identified as one of problems contributing to land degradation. There is need to plant suitable species with good calorific (fuel) value which in turn will improve the soil as well as ameliorate the encroachment of desert. Senna siemea wood samples were collected from the University of Ibadan plantation. The fuel value was determined using ballistic bomb calorimeter. Twenty trees of the same age were assessed. The mean fuel value for wood and bark were 22275kj/kg and 20961kj/kg respectively. The highest radial value was found near the pith with mean value of 23312.47kj/kg and the least toward the bark (21299. 26kj/kg). Mean tree height and diameter at breast height were 14.20m and 21.68cm respectively. Based on this performance, Senna siamea is being proposed as a suitable species for reforestation, protective forestry in soil conservation, reclaiming denuded areas and for firewood plantation.
Gender role in the management, consumption and utilization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) – a case study of Gambari Foerst Reserve, Oyo State
(Forestry Association of Nigeria, 1999) Azeez, I. O; Aiyedun, O. J
Presently in many countries of the world, rural women are still the caretakers and users of forests. They have a vital role in environmental management and development. Their full participation is therefore essential to achieve sustainable management. This paper investigated the role of gender in achieving sustainable management, conservation and utilization of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) with emphasis on leaves, leafy vegetables, firewood, snails and medicinal plants. The study was carried out at Gambari Forest Reserve and Settlements surrounding the reserve viz Onigambari, Onipe, Olonde and Manu. Three sets of questionnaires were used for the study - one each for Extractors, Utilizers, and Forests management personnel. A total number of 180 questionnaires were administered to randomly selected respondents while 176 were returned. 41% of the questionnaires retuned were from utilizers, 29.4% from extractors while 27% were from the personnel involved in the management of the reserve. The study revealed that although management, conservation, utilization and collection o f NTFPs the reserve are not sex specific, a preferential treatment for men is obvious. This is more pronounced in the technical aspects of management, conservation and sustainable development planning.
Effects of process variables on the strength properties of veneer laminated cement bonded particle board from mixed tropical hardwoods
(1999) Omole, A. O.; Badejo, S. O. O.
Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) of veneer laminated wood cement panel were evaluated. The boards were made of 3 layers comprising 1.5 mm thick mixed hardwoods sawdust for the two surfaces, and 9mm thick core layer made of plantation grown Gmelina arboma flakes. Three variables were investigated namely: Density at three levels (1000 kg/m3, 1100kg/m3 and 1200 kg/m3), Cement wood ratios of 2.5:1.0, 2.75:1.0 and 3.0:1.0 and glue spread of 1.02 kg/m2, 1.43 kg/m2 and 1,74 kg/m2 double due line (DGL) for the boards lamination. For all the treatment combinations, the MOR ranged from 26.79 N/mm to 42.59 N/mm2 while for MOE, the mean value was in the range of 3114N/mm2 to 5310N/mm2. At board density level of 1250 kg/m3 the laminated panels gave value of the highest MOR and MOE. Statistical analysis showed that the three variables considered in this study had significant on the board strength.
Impact assessment of unified agricultural extension system on agroforestry development in Oyo State, Nigeria
(Department of Forest Resources Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2000) Azeez, I. O; Popoola, L; Adebisi, L.A
The study assessed the impact of the unified agricultural extension system (UAES) on the adoption of agroforestry (AF) technologies in Oyo state, Nigeria. Modified stratified multistage random sampling technique was used, employing two sets of open-ended and structured questionnaires as the study tool. Study populations were the farmers and extension agents (EAs) under Oyo State Agricultural Development program (OYSADEP). One Hundred and Twenty-Five (125) and Ninety (90) questionnaires respectively were administered on the Farmers and Extension Agents, randomly selected from thirty (30) percent of the total number of cells in each block under OYSADEP's administrative zones Descriptive and chi-square statistics were used to analyse the data generated. The analyses revealed that seventy (70) percent of the extension personnel interviewed who had spent between five and ten years in service knew little or nothing about agroforestry. Also, less than half of the respondents (47.8%) were introduced to farm forestry by OYSADEP extension agents Apart from this, more than ninety-six percent of the farmers were found to be male, with most of them (71.5%) having only primary school education. Chi-square statistics at 0.01 probability level showed that tree husbandry is not strange to farmers and that farm forestry farmers were convinced on the importance of frees on farms. The analyses further revealed that OYSADEP extension agents were not providing incentives to encourage private participation in agroforestry practice; that OYSADEP extension personnel had no formal training in forestry and that OYSADEP was not favorably disposed to agroforestry extension. All these showed that rural farmers were aware of the importance of trees on farm, although not through OYSADEP extension network.
" Utilization of Mangrove Forest Resources for Human Livelihoods in Uzere, Delta State, Nigeria "
(2000) Ogeh, K. T.; Jimoh, S. O.; Ajewole, O. I.
The study was carried out to assess the various ways Uzere mangrove forest is utilized by the forest edge communities. Data were obtained from 300 residents within the three communities in Uzere Kingdom using systematic random sampling. The study employed questionnaires to elicit information on the uses of the mangrove forest, the socio-economic factors that influence uses. Data obtained were analysed using simple statistics and correlation analysis. All the respondents use the forest for various livelihood activities. These include: logging (5.3%), farming (49.7%), fuel wood gathering (18.3%), fruits gathering (1.0%), hunting (6.0%), fish farming (6.3%), palm wine tapping (0.7%), seeds (0.3%) and medicinal plants (2.7%) collections. Gender and years of residence are the only socio-economic variables that significantly influenced the uses of Uzere mangrove forest. About 70% of the respondents market the products from the mangrove forest as a source of income. The mean annual earnings from mangrove resources marketing is N2,920,514.51 (US$19,470.00). The mangrove forest contributes significantly to human livelihoods in the study area. There is a need for sustainable management of the mangrove forest and valuation of forest goods as a means of preventing forest degradation and deforestation.
Preliminary study on use of engine oil as wood preservative
(2000) Omole, A. O.; Onilude, M. A.
Test samples of Ceiba pentandra Linn, Antiaris africana Engl and Triplochiton Scleroxylon K. schum were treated with spent and new engine oil (SAE40). Three methods of preservative application used are brushing and soaking for 24 hours and 48 hours. The absorption per unit volume of the wood were evaluated. The static bending strength and stiffness values of samples soaked in used engine oil for 48 hours were also obtained. The highest mean absorption rate per unit volume recorded in the study were 30.20kg/m3 for Triplochiton scleroxylon,_and 39.20 kg/m3 for both Ceiba pentandra and Anliaris africana when soaked in new engine oil for 48 hours. The least mean absorption rate of 15.80 kg/m3 19.80kg/m3 and 20.00kg/m3 were recorded for Triplochilon scleroxylon, Antiaris africana and Ceiba pentandra respectively. Following used engine oil application by the brushing method. Statistical analysis carried out showed that both the species and methods of preservative application are significant factors to consider in determining the absorption rate per unit volume of the wood samples. Test results further showed that the engine oil used as the preservative oil had no significant effect on the bending strength of the treated wood samples.
Private Participation in Forest Plantation Development in Nigeria
(2001) Jimoh, S. O.; Bada, S. O.
"Nigeria’s endowment of natural forest was so vast that it was thought to be inexhaustible. Today the resource base has been badly eroded. Only about 5% of the nation's land area is under forest cover. The current situation is that the nation can no longer meet its domestic wood need and has thus have to rely on wood importation to supplement domestic production. Though series of efforts have been made to bridge the gap via plantation establishment; the results of these efforts have not been good enough to achieve the objective. This paper traces the history of forest plantation establishment in Nigeria form the early part of the 19th century to date. It is observed that the level of private participation in forestry development in the country is still very low. This is contrary to the contemporary global trend in which private participation in plantation development is growing rapidly. It is suggested that public enlightenment; legislative reforms, provision of technical and financial assistance; funding of relevant research targeted at the private sector's needs and prevision of clear definition of property rights be embarked upon by the government in order to stimulate the interest of private investors."
Mangrove Degradation in the Coastal Southeast of Nigeria: Causes, Effects and Remedies for the Future
(Forestry Association of Nigeria, 2001) Jimoh, S.O.
The Nigeria Delta area of Nigeria was one of the richest regions of the country in terms of forest resources of diverse types. It is particularly endowed with the mature mangrove forests. The vegetation contained many species of unique socio-economic and ecological importance. Until very recently, the mangorve community had remained fairly secured because of the difficult terrain on which they existed. However, population pressure coupled with the agressive drive for socio-economic development from early 1970s to date have taken very serious toll on the forest resources. This has left many forest areas badly degraded or completely dereserved in some cases to the extent that the continued existence of mangrove communities in the region is under threat. This paper takes a look at the various factors responsible for mangrove forest degradation 'in the area and the effects of this on the environment. Suggestions are offered on way(s) to address the problem.
Ecological, economics of mangrove forest in Nigeria
(Forestry Association of Nigeria, 2001) Ajewole, O. I.
Public perceptions of urban forests in Ibadan, Nigeria: Implications for environmental conservation
(Department of Forest Resources Management , University of Ibadan, 2001) Popoola, L.; Ajewole, O.
This work examines the public perceptions of urban forests in Ibadan vis- a-vis environmental conservation. It covers the five Local Government Areas (LGAs): lbadan North, Ibadan North West, Ibadan South, Ibadan South-West, and Ibadan South-East. Data for the study was obtained from a stratified random sampling of 370 respondents through structured questionnaire-based interviews. The results showed that 99 per cent of the respondents are aware of, and believe that these urban forests serve some purpose in meeting the socioeconomic and physiological needs of the urban populace. Moreover 94 per cent expressed their support for continued preservation of these forests. Of this total, 38 per cent, 36 per cent and 26 per cent respectively, based their support on the fact that these forests can: protect the environment, supply physical needs and be used for recreation. The chi-square test of independence at P = 0.05 revealed that the public perceptions of these forests are dependent on the respondents' residence proximity to at least one of these forest reserves (P > 0.05). Public perceptions may be capitalized upon by governments and other change agencies for the sustainable management of the remnants of Ibadan urban forests.
Monetization of forest's service functions for sustainable forest management
(2001) Ajewole, O.; Popoola, L.
This paper examined the concept of monetization and its importance in valuation of the forest's social and environmental service functions, vis-a.-vis its sustainable management. Various monetization techniques are highlighted and discussed. Some of these include surrogate price and replacement costs or costs avoided, value of production increases, opportunity costs, travel costs, hedonic pricing and contingent valuation method. (CVM). The use of CVM is canvassed for, because of its highly flexible framework for the valuation of virtually all social and environmental benefits. It can also be easily adapted in developing and less developed countries, where inadequacy of data on socio-economic and environmental characteristics make the use of most other valuation techniques problematic. Keen interest in monetization of forest's non- market benefits, will ensure "holistic approach" to conservation of our natural environmental resources.
Urban forestry: Sustainable option for environmental conservation in Nigeria
(2001) Ajewole, O. I.
This paper examined the roles of trees/forests in urban environmental conservation: Environmental benefits were highlighted, they encompass landscape enhancement, recreation, education and general well-being, a habitat for wildlife; climatic modification, air and noise pollution control, erosion control, catchment area protection for urban water sup/ lie and the productive use or safe disposal of urban wastes. Prequisite determinants of sustainable urban forestry development were also identified to include technical, financial, human and institutional resources. The need to integrate ecological principles into the physical and social fabrics of urban landscape planning was stressed vis-a-vis Nigeria where land economic and technological development limit the provision and enforcement of environmental conservation measures.
Analysis of trends in forest charges and government expenditure of forestry in Africa
(2002) Ajewole, O. I.
Prospects of Community Participation in the Management of Shasha Forest Reserve, Osun State, Nigeria
(Forestry Association of Nigeria, 2002) Jimoh, S.O.; Azeez, I.O.
Forests are located mostly in the rural communities and they contribute substantially to poverty alleviation in such communities. Thus sustainability of Forest Resources is of utmost importance in rural economy. It is therefore being realized globally that for any forestry programme to succeed, it must involve the local communities. In Nigeria, efforts at involving the people in forest management have not been very successful because they did not really address the needs and interests of the people. It is important to know what exactly the people want and the best role they can play in forest management in order to achieve success. This paper therefore investigated the perception of the communities living around Shaslm Forest Reserve concerning community forestry and their potential roles m such arrangement. Stratified random, sampling was used to select eight of the forty communities within and around the forest reserve. A total of eighty-two questionnaires were administered on three categories of the stakeholders viz: hunters (32); Harvesters/fishermen (40) and forestry official (10). Results indicated that 71% of the respondents are favorably disposed to the idea of community participation m the management of the Forest reserve. Also, community members showed- interest in forest protection, commercial seedlings production, maintenance and harvesting operations. There was no evidence of bitter relationship among the stakeholders. A method of benefit sharing was also proposed.
Willingness to pay for rehabilitation of Ibadan urban environment through reforestation projects
(Department of Forest Resources Management , University of Ibadan, 2002) Popoola, L.; Ajewole, O.
This study was carried out to determine the estimated value of the environmental service functions of the forests of the Ibadan metropolis. It employed the payment card format -Contingent Valuation approach - to elicit willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental rehabilitation of the Ibadan metropolis through reforestation projects, and to investigate the extent to which socio-economic factors influence the WTP. Data were obtained from a multi-stage randomly sampled 370 residents within the five local government areas of the metropolis. The results show that 77% of the respondents were willing to pay various amounts ranging from N50-N500 monthly, NlOO being the modal value, having recorded a 52% response. The mean monthly WP value is N161, resulting in an aggregate estimated value of Ibadan urban forests’ environmental service functions, ranging between N185 468 586 and N240 868 294 (US$1 = NlOO). The reduced model of the double log regression equation revealed the respondents’ employment status and proximity to the urban forest reserves as the only socio-economic variables that significantly influenced WTP. The differences in the mean WTP values within each independent socio-economic variable were not significant (p > 0.05). The results of this study show that there is a need for social valuation of forestry and non-forestry projects that have to do with conversion of forest lands, as a panacea for uncontrolled deforestation.
"Traditional media use in Forest Conservation Support Communication (FCSC) among local residents in protected areas in South Western Nigeria "
(2003) Azeez, I.O.; Jimoh, S.O.
"This paper examined the potential of forest conservation support communication along traditional media in use for agricultural information dissemination in and around two reserved sites: Old Oyo National Park, Oyo and Oluwa forest reserve in Ondo State. Results show that the reliability of Forest Conservation Support Information (FCSI) sources depends on access to media among respondents (Pearson's χ2 = 338.7; d.f = 160; Pr. ≤ 0.000). So also, appropriateness determines the relevance of traditional media in Old Oyo National Park environment to FCSC (Pearson's χ2 = 176.47; d.f = 60; Pr. ≤ 0.00). This was however not the case in Oluwa forest reserve enclaves (Pearson's χ2 = 29.595; d.f = 28; Pr. > 0.383). Here, the perception of inhabitants on appropriateness of media for FCSC does not translate to their being relevant for the same purpose. But the relevance of traditional communication to present-day development challenges was found to be very significant in the study sites. Only 2.5% and 7% of inhabitants of Oluwa forest enclaves and Old Oyo National Park environment respectively considered trado communication as irrelevant to forest conservation support communication. Analysis of variance on traditional media accessed in the two study sites also revealed no variation (F = 3.01; d.f = 244; p > .05). Furthermore, in Oluwa Forest enclaves, 88.75% of the respondents' perceived trado communication as complementing other information sources, while the rest opined that it's use alone could effect and sustain development initiatives. However, none of the respondents in the two sites is of the view that the use of traditional communication media should be relegated to the background in FCSC. It is therefore recommended that effective indigenous media should be adopted and empowered to ensure that development initiatives are not wrongly imbibed. So also, traditional institutions in the study area must be identified and empowered with sustainable forest conservation information and technologies. "
Strategic baseline study of Ajasse-Ipo watershed catchement Area
(2003) Popoola, L; Amusan, A; Soyombo, O; Fayomi, G; Bamidele, J; Taiwo, L; Adenekan, L; Jimoh, S.O; Azeez, I.O