DEPARTMENT OF FOREST RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
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Item Willingness to Pay for Environmental Service Functions of Mangrove Forest in Uzere, Delta State, Nigeria(2016) Ogeh, K. T.; Jimoh, S. O.; Ajewole, O. I.This study was carried out to estimate the value of the environmental service functions of Uzere mangrove forest using the Willingness to pay method. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain information on the willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental service functions of Uzere mangrove forest. Contingent valuation approach was used to elicit information on WTP and the socio-economic variables that influence the WTP. Data were obtained from a systematically sampled 300 residents within the three communities in Uzere. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics, F and student’s t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation and multiple regression analyses using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 20). The results show that 21.7% of the respondents were willing to pay (WTP) various amounts ranging from N50 (US$0.33) - N5000 (US$33.33) monthly, N50 (US$0.33) being the modal value. The mean monthly WTP value is N36.8 (US$0.25). This gave an aggregate estimated value of between N147, 835.62 (US$985.57) and N681, 097.19 (US$4540.65) (US$1= N150) for the environmental service functions of the 2,004.2hectares of Uzere mangrove forest. The semi-log regression equation revealed that the years of residence and occupation are the only socio-economic variables that significantly influenced WTP. The results of this study indicate that the forest is of high value and therefore, there is a need for concerted efforts for sustainable management of the mangrove forestItem Effects of Land Use Changes On Flora Diversity in Oba Division of the Cross River National Park, Nigeria(2015) Ikyaagba, E. T.; Jimoh, S. O.; Amonum, J. I.The Oban Division of the Cross River national Park, Nigeria, is a globally renowned biodiversity hotspot. The area is experiencing rapid land use changes and little efforts have been made to document the effects of the changes on biodiversity. The study investigated the effects of different land use types on flora composition, distribution and diversity in the area with a view to generating data that will support conservation decisions. The area was stratified into four: primary forest (core), secondary forest (buffer), farm fallow and plantation. Ten transects of 2 km length each were systematically located in each land use type. Four sample plots of 50×50 m were located on each transect at an interval of 500 m. Each plot was subdivided into 10×10 m subplots; and nine subplots were randomly selected for the enumeration of trees, shrubs and climbers. A 1×1 m miniplot was then located at the centre of each subplot for herb enumeration. Flora species composition was estimated across the land use types using species diversity indices and Jaccard similarity indices. Composition, species richness and diversity of trees, shrubs and climbers all decreased from the core to plantation. However, herb species composition, richness and diversity increased from core to farm fallow. Significant differences in species composition were obtained across land use types at 5%. The highest tree species similarities were recorded between core and buffer. The highest similarities for shrubs, herbs and climbers were recorded between farm fallow and plantation. The absence of species previously recorded in the core, and in the other land use types makes it imperative that conservation efforts be improved and extended to areas beyond the core in order to save the remaining flora diversity in this forestItem Management of indigenous medicinal plants in Nigeria using phenological information(Academic journals, 2014) Oni, P. I.; Jimoh, S. O.; Adebisi, L. A.Available information on medicinal plants indicates habitat loss and has heightened the need for more proactive conservation strategies. Conservation efforts in this direction resulted in an eco-pharmacological survey in the West African sub-region by three countries (Nigeria, Ghana and Republic of Benin) to assess frequently used medicinal plants. The result of the socio-economic study based on utilization pattern regionally was used to produce a list of ten topmost frequently used and mentioned medicinal plants regionally and was subsequently adopted for the eco-pharmacological study in Nigeria. The list was super-imposed on a vegetation map of Nigeria for study sites selection in the species range. Selection criteria were based on the presence of at least one or more members of the medicinal plants in each location. Subsequently these plants were monitored range-wide for phenological behaviors for two seasons (dry and raining seasons) for two consecutive years. Findings indicated that the ten medicinal plants belonged to nine taxonomic families and are represented in the three plant habits. Flowering was majorly a dry season event (November to February) extending to early rains (March to April) in the species of the southern range (lowland and derived ecozones). Fruiting was typical of early rains increasing northwards (March to July). For short duration flowering species (Pcynanthus angolensis, Alstonea bonnie and Rauvolfia vomitoria), fruiting occurred late in dry season (December to February). Mean flowering duration ranged between (9.45 ± 1.73 to 45.68 ± 4.77) days, while mean fruiting duration ranged between (15.22 ± 2.15 to 145. 87 ± 8.59) days. Phenological charts were used to depict the phenological trends for the different species. The provision of this information offers a useful tool-kit for medicinal plants genetic resources monitoring, management and appropriate conservation strategies in NigeriaItem Social norms and cultural services – community belief system and use of wildlife products in the Northern periphery of the Korup National Park, South-West Cameroon(De Gruyter Open, 2014) Ngoufo, R.; Yongyeh, N. K.; Obioha, E. E.; Bobo, K. S.; Jimoh, S. O.; Waltert, M.In many traditional societies, beliefs and taboos influence human behaviour towards the natural environment. Such beliefs and taboos are informal institutions where norms rather than official laws determine land use and nature protection in general and wildlife in particular. The present study on beliefs and taboos of the people of the northern periphery of the Korup. National Park is an attempt to reveal how norms influence their relation to the environment. A total of 195 households were sampled through a household survey conducted in four villages. The results revealed that before the application of “modern” approaches for wildlife protection and management, the people relied on norms to establish a relationship with wildlife and nature. The enactment of the 1994 legislation on forest, wildlife and fisheries resulted in stiff resistance as it contradicts traditional norms. It was found that 57.4 % of the respondents still perceive wildlife as a resource that can never get extinct. Traditional norms had a differentiated impact especially on game protection. The study recommends that a wildlife benefiting code of beliefs and taboos is developed to provide a basis for establishing a synergy between park management laws and traditional belief/taboo systems that drive the management of wildlifeItem Socio-Economic Determinants of Consumer Demand for Non- Timber Forest Products in Ogun and Osun States, Southwest Nigeria(2013) Amusa, T. O.; Jimoh, S. O.; Azeez, I. O.; Adefalu, L. L.; Oladipo, F. O.There is a dearth of research effort on the individual and household characteristics that affect the consumption of _on-Timber Forest Products (_TFPs) in parts of Southwest _igeria. Yet, understanding the factors driving demand for _TFPs is crucial for managing supplies sustainably. Therefore, this study examined the socio-economic determinants of consumer demand for _TFPs in Ogun and Osun States, Southwest _igeria. A survey involving 320 respondents randomly selected from eight communities in each of Ijebu East Local Government Area (LGA) of Ogun State and Ife South Local Government Area (LGA) of Osun State was carried out using questionnaires. Data were collected on five top priority species including: bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis), African walnut (Plukenetia conophora), chewingstick (Massularia acuminata), fever-bark (Annickia chlorantha syn. Enantia chlorantha) and bush pepper (Piper guineense). Both descriptive and inferential statistics involving frequency tables, percentages, Likert scale, chi-square and multiple linear regression were used in analyzing the data at P = 0.05. Respondents’ sex, age, marital status, educational attainment and primary occupation had significant impacts on the level of consumption of P. conophora and A. chlorantha, while that of M. acuminata was significantly impacted by both marital status and household size. Primary occupation and age of respondents also significantly impacted the level of consumption of P. guineense, whereas only household size had a significant impact on the level of consumption of I. gabonensis. Products’ price, taste and substitute had no significant effect on _TFPs consumption. Although, each of the _TFPs has different socio-economic demand and niche among the consumers, the most determining factors of consumption were product availability and season of the year. The results of this study are valuable for predicting _TFPs consumption pattern and for policy orientation that targets sustainable use of the productsItem Stem Distributions and Height-Diameter Allometries for Two Species of Irvingiaceae (Exell And Mendonça) in a Tropical Moist Forest of Southern Nigeria(2013) Adeyemi, A. A.; Jimoh, S. O.The study investigated stem distributions and height-diameter relationships of two Irvingiaceae species in Oban Forest, Cross River State, Nigeria with a view to suggesting appropriate management strategies for their conservation in the area. Using systematic sampling technique, six 2km-transect was cut in each of the primary and secondary forests in the area. Four 50m×50m plots were laid alternately along each transect. Thus, twenty-four plots were used in each of the two forest types, making a total of 48 sample plots for the study. On each of the sample plots, Irvingia wombulu and Klainedoxa gabonensis were identified and their growth parameters measured on the trees with DBH≥10cm. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result reveals that there were average of 3 and 4 I. wombulu and K. gabonensis stems/ha respectively in the area. About 47% of I. wombulu fell in the height class 10-20m, about 36% of K. gabonensis fell in the height class 21-30m. Both species have fewer stems in the height class of >40m. Tree diameter distributions reveal that about 33% of I. wombulu were in the class 10-39cm. Only 16% of K. gabonensis belong to this class. About 20% of K. gabonensis encountered fell in the diameter class ≥100cm. There were significant differences between most of the tree growth parameters for the two species. However, the species were found to exhibit similar growth patterns in the two forest types. All the height-diameter models presented in the study were significant. In all I. wombulu gave better models than the K. gabonensis, going by their modeling efficiencies and tests of bias. The models were therefore recommended for predictions in the study areaItem Local depletion of two larger Duikers in the Oban Hills Region, Nigeria(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2012) Jimoh, S. O.; Ikyaagba, E. T.; Alarape, A. A.; Adeyemi, A. A.; Waltert, M.Across West and Central Africa, duikers are important for trade and consumption; their populations are expected to become depleted. Reliable data on their status are scanty in Nigeria. We assessed duiker populations in the Oban Sector of Cross River National Park through diurnal and nocturnal surveys along 32 transects of 2 km each. After 508-km survey effort, only Ogilby’s duiker (Cephalophus ogilbyi) and blue duiker (Philantomba monticola) were recorded. Using habitat as a covariate in modeling detection probability in DISTANCE 6.0, we estimated densities for the blue duiker ranging from 15.5 (95% CI: 7.8–30.9) in the core, 5.8 (CI: 2.6–12.9) in the buffer and 0.9 (CI: 0.09–10.1) km² in farm fallow to no duikers in the plantation. For Ogilby’s duiker, densities ranged from 1.6 (95% CI: 0.7–3.7) km² in the core, 2.0 (CI: 0.8–5.1) in buffer to no duikers in farm fallow and plantation. The apparent absence of yellow-backed and Bay duikers may indicate local depletion. We call on all stakeholders to rise up to the challenge of rescuing this biological hotspot in Nigeria from further degradation and species loss through improved funding for well-equipped field staff and institutionalized community wildlife managementItem Population distribution and threats to sustainable management of selected non-timber forest products in tropical lowland rainforests of south western Nigeria(Northeast Forestry University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2013) Jimoh, S. O.; Amusa, T. O.; Azeez, I. O.Uncontrolled harvesting of non-timber forest products(NTFPs) poses a serious risk of extermination to several of these species in Nigeria. Yet, there is a paucity of information on the distribution, population status and sustainable management of NTFPs in most of the tropical lowland rainforests. We, therefore, assessed the population, distribution and threats to sustainable management of NTFPs within the tropical lowland rainforests of Omo and Shasha Forest Reserves, south western Nigeria.Data were obtained through inventory surveys on five top priority species including: bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry- Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill),African walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum (Mull.Arg.)Hutch. & Dalziel syn. Plukenetia conophora), chew-stick (Massularia acuminata(G. Don) Bullock), fever bark (Annickia chlorantha Setten&P.J.Maas syn. Enantia chloranta) and bush pepper (Piper guineense Schumach. & Thonn.).Purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used for the inventory. Each forest reserve was stratified into three, viz: less disturbed natural forest (for areas that have been rested for at least ten years), recently disturbed natural forest (for areas that have suffered one form of human perturbation or the other in the last five years), and plantation forest (for areas carrying forest plantation). Data were collected from eighteen 10 m ×500 m belt transects located in the above strata. The species were generally fewer in both plantation and recently disturbed natural forest than the less disturbed natural forest, suggesting that forest disturbances (habitat modification) for other uses may have an effect on the occurrence and densities of the NTFPs. Exceptions to this trend were found for P. guineense and T. conophorum, which were fairly common in both planta tion and recently disturbed natural forest. Among three tree NTFP species (i.e. I. gabonensis, M. acuminata and A. chlorantha), only I. gabonensis showed a significant difference in overall DBH size classes for both reserves (t=-2.404; df =21; p=0.026).Three tree NTFP species in both reserves further showed differences from the regular patterns of distribution of trees. The fairly regular reverse J-shaped size class distribution observed for M. acuminata in the study sites, however, suggests a recuperating population. In general, destructive harvesting of species, logging operations, low population size, narrow distribution ranges and habitat degradation are the major threats to the population of NTFPs in the study area. The implications of our findings for sustainable management of NTFPs in the study area are discussed and recommendations are made for a feasible approach towards enhancing the status of the speciesItem Community Based Forest Management as a Tool for Sustainable Forest Management in Cross River State, Nigeria(Faculty of Agriculture, University of llorin, 2013) Jimoh, S. O.; Abi, E. A.Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) in Cross River State (CRS) was investigated with a view to understanding its efficiency and effectiveness as a tool for sustainable forest management in the State. Four sets of questionnaire were administered to forestry officials; forest edge communities; timber dealers/saw millers: and relevant Non-Governmental Originations (NGOs).Three-stage sampling technique was adopted to sample six communities. The stages of sampling included: senatorial districts, Local Government Areas and communities. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. The performance of CBFM was assessed against the ATO/ITTO’s Criteria and Indicators for the Sustainable Management of African Natural Tropica1 Forests. Results show that the average size of Community forests was between 101 and over 1000 ha per community. The level of awareness about community forest management was about 96% while 86% of the respondents participated in CBFM activities. The most significant gain of CBFM has been the meaningful partnership between the Cross River State Forestry Commission (CRSFC) and the forest edge communities in protecting and managing the forest resources. The existing benefit- sharing formula of CBFM proceeds is 1:4 in favour of government for government- established plantations, while communities have 7:3 of proceeds derived from community forests. The current sharing formula for the products obtained from reserved natural forests is 1:1. We suggest that a mutually acceptable formula should be worked out among the stakeholders. Some of the problems and challenges confronting the implementation of CBFM in the state include: inadequate encouragement and Cooperation among some members of the communities: inadequate incentives (seedlings, etc) and equipment (farm tools, etc); and capacity building; insufficient monitoring and evaluation by the relevant staff of the Forestry Commission. CBFM has done fairly well in certain aspects of sustainable forest management. However, aspects of maintenance of multiple functions of forests; creation of enabling environment; state economic and fiscal policies, policy to encourage forestry enterprises; effective monitoring and evaluation of forest management policy and adequate mechanisms for law enforcement have to be taken more seriously if CBFM v would serve as a veritable tool for sustainable forest management in Cross river State, NigeriaItem Drought stress on early growth of Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst ex A. Rich in Jega, Northern Nigeria(Ecological Society of Nigeria, 2012) Olajuyigbe, S. O.; Jimoh, S. O.; Adegeye, A. O.; Mukhtar, R. B.Trees face rising drought stress and mortality with global warming and it is vital that adequate information is available on the tolerance levels of tree species. In 2012, seedlings of Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst ex A. Rich were evaluated for response to varied levels of water availability at the Aliero Teaching and Research Farm, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Jega, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Twelve uniformly growing potted seedlings were selected and exposed to four watering frequencies (daily, once in three days, weekly and fortnightly) in a screen house. For each watering event, 200 ml of water was administered to the soil of each potted seedling. Seedling height and collar diameter were measured, while number of leaves were counted fortnightly for 16 weeks. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance, at p<0.05 level of significance. A hundred percent survival rate was observed in all treatments. Seedlings that were watered daily had the highest height (13.53 ± 2.66 cm) and collar diameter (3.41 ± 0.44 mm). The treatments resulted in 283%, 133%, 98% and 125% increase in height, as well as 100%, 89%, 57% and 40% increase in collar diameter of seedlings watered daily, once in 3 days, weekly and fortnightly, respectively. Time of experiment had a significant influence on the height and collar diameter growth of seedlings in the four treatments while watering frequency only had a significant effect on collar diameter of the seedlings, after 16 weeks. However, posthoc analysis showed that only the collar diameter of daily watered seedlings differed from other treatments. Although, delayed watering reduced the rate of growth, it did not hinder it. The least watered seedlings had the lowest number of leaves (6) after 16 weeks. The study showed that fortnight supply of water was sufficient for the early growth and development of D. mespiliformis seedlings. The apparent drought tolerance of the species may be an indication of a good candidate species for plantation establishment under dry and warm conditions which are imminent in the event of climate change
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