DEPARTMENT OF FOREST RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
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Item Reconnaissance Survey of The Wildlife Sanctuary of Stubb’s Creek Forest Reserve, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria(Government of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria Ministry of Environment, 2004) Popoola, L.; Jimoh, S.O.; Alarape, A. A.This study was conducted at the instance of the Honourable Commissioner, Ministry of Environment, Akwa Ibom State in realization of the need to assess the potentials of wildlife in the Stubbs-creek forest reserve of Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria. The terms of reference included, but not limited to provision of information on status of fauna and flora in the forest reserve, bearing in mind the level of human interference that had occurred in the last one decade. Using a combination of standard methods wildlife, vegetation and questionnaire surveys were conducted in and around the forest reserve to obtain information on the status of the major plant and animal lives and the various sources of threat to their sustainable management. Results obtained from the study indicate large- scale disturbance of the biophysical environment (flora and fauna) arising from such human activities as farming, illegal logging, oil prospecting and exploration. These have affected the hitherto rich fauna and flora of the reserve. The study still identified the existence of over 80 important plant species, which include Alcornea cor difolia; Raphia spp; Anthocleista nobilis;; Rhizophora racemosa; Gmelina arborea; Costus afer; Chromolina odorata; Rauvolvia vomitoria; Calamus spp; Musanga cercopioides; Albizia spp; Selaginalea spp. Species with moderate frequency of occurrence include Carpolobia lutea; Napoleona vogelii; Allablackia floribunda. They were distributed within the natural lowland rainforest, oil palm and raphia bushes and the mangrove. Over 90 animal species including rodents, reptiles, birds and monkeys were encountered. They include Thryonomys swinderianus, Potamochoerus porcus, Trangelaphus scripus; Python sebae, Crocodilus spp, Neophron monachus, Milvus migrans, Streptopelia senegalensis, Apus affinis,, Egretta alba, Ardeola ibis, Scopus umbretta, Neophron monachus The potential of the wildlife sanctuary for ecotourism is still quite high particularly with the existence of oil prospecting and exploration concerns that attract heavy human traffic into the area. Also there exist standard hotels within 30km radius of the forest reserve, which will encourage visitors to combine business with pleasure. There is however the urgent need to: secure the boundaries of the sanctuary, carry out a feasibility study and environmental impact assessment with a view to having comprehensive information that will form the basis for re-investment by the State government and also set the template for the development of proposals for donor assistance from international donor/investment agencies, win the confidence of the settlers in the adjoining communities, seek local and external partnerships for the management of the sanctuary and; Finally, the institutional and legal frameworks of the reserve should be clearly spelt out to enhance sustainability. The Sanctuary has the potential to boost the Poverty Reduction Strategy Programme (PRSP) of the State Government and should therefore be rehabilitatedItem Structural Characteristics of Borassus Aethiopum (Mart) Non-Timber Forest Products Markets in North-Eastern Nigeria(The Forestry Association of Nigeria, 2008) Tee, T.N.; Popoola, I.; Jimoh, S.O.This study analyzed the market structure of three products of Borassus aethiopum (a non-timber forest product); mats, hypocotyls and fruits in North-eastern Nigeria to ascertain their distributional efficiency. This was determined using market concentration and experience in trade. Market concentrations were deduced by adopting the Lorenz curves and Gini-coefficient of inequality. Data were generated with semi-structured questionnaires administered on 210 respondents, and market surveys. The result revealed that the mean weekly quantities of sales and purchases were Mats, 30 and 41 units (standard size 2.78m by 0.9m); Hypocotyls, 207Kg and 357.5Kg; and fruits, 162.3 Kg and 314.1 Kg respectively. The distribution of sales and purchases of mats, hypocotyls and fruits showed a fairly equitable distribution of trade in the hands of buyers and sellers (Gini- coefficients were <0.25). However, there was a relatively higher concentration of trade in the hands of a few buyers of fruits (Gini coefficient of inequality was 0.46). Results from business experience revealed that Borassus aethiopum trade has been thriving in North-eastern Nigeria for more than four decades and more people are still coming into the business unimpeded. Based on these features, its trade in Northeastern Nigeria was adjudged oligopolistic. Providing transportation facilities and improving market facilities and providing adequate information dissemination system will make Borassus aethiopum marketing more competitive and efficient.Item Sustaining the Roles of Non-Timber Forest Products in Rural Poverty-Reduction and Household Food Security in Nigeria(Medwell Online, 2006) Jimoh, S.O."Forest outputs are broadly classified into timber and Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). While the timber component has been widely acknowledged as great contributor to both national and local economies, the equally important non-timber component had received little attention from social scientists and development planners until very recently. Non-timber forest products are all those goods and services of biological origin obtained from forests or associated ecosystems, which contribute directly or indirectly to human welfare. The non-timber forest products contribute immensely to household food security and income generation in Nigeria. Hence they play a significant role in rural poverty reduction. In Nigeria poverty, incidence had increased from 27.2% in 1980 to 65.6% in 1996. This disturbing trend has prompted the federal government and international agencies to formulate various programs aimed at reducing the poverty incidence in the country. Many of such programs have however failed to achieve the desired objectives because they failed to understand the intimate relationship between the rural people and their immediate environment. The poor depends largely on land and various plants and animal resources obtainable from it. The closely interwoven relationship between the people and their biotic environment should be carefully understood and adjusted in such a way that the ecosystem balance is sustained. This study examines the significant roles played by non-timber forest products in rural livelihood sustenance in Nigeria. Various strategies for sustainable production and utilization of the products are discussed. "Item Stakeholder Participation Model for Forest Reserves: The Case of Shasha Forest Reserve, Osun State, Nigeria(2005) Jimoh, S.O.; Popoola, L.; Azeez, L.O.Item Contributions Of Locust Bean (Parkia Biglobosa, Jacque Benth) Seeds Production And Marketing To The Household Economy Of Kajola Local Govemment Area, Oyo State, Nigeria,(The Forestry Association of Nigeria, 2005) Jimoh, S.O.; Adedokun, A.A.The study focused on the contributions of production and marketing of Locust bean (Parkia biylobosa, Jacque benth) seeds to the household economy in Kajola Local Government, area, Oyo state Nigeria, with a view to evaluating the percentage of population engaged in its production and marketing, and hence its contribution to rural employment and income generation as well as the proportion and frequency of consumption in local diets. Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaires. A total of 136 questionnaires were administered using stratified random sampling. The data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics, cross tabulation and chi-square analyses. It was found out that about 47% of the respondents are involved in the commercial production of the species to supplement farm income. The product plays a crucial role in household food security in the study area as majority of the respondents (95.6%) consume it as part of their meals while 91.7% consume it at least once every other day. Although Chi-square test indicated that its contribution to household income is not significant(P> 0.523) its contribution to the household economy is very important as the fund comes handy during emergency cash needs and as an important supplement to farm income. Similarly Chi square test indicated that the quantity of iru consumed as a proportion of total quantity of household food intake is no significant (P>.0.063). However, chi-square value for preference for ‘Iru’ was significant (P> 0.001 indicating that majority of the respondents has preferential taste for iru against other condiments. It is recommended that research on silvicultural and conservation techniques be carried out on this species to ensure its sustained productionItem Non-Timber Forest Products in Phytomedicine and Culinary Uses(The Forestry Association of Nigeria, 2005) Jimoh, S.O.This paper is focused on medicinal and culinary uses of non-timber forest products. A medicinal plant is any plant which one or more of its organs contain(s) substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes or which are precursors for the synthesis of useful drugs. Culinary' plants on the other hand are those plants or products thereof used to flavour foods or beverages before, during or after their preparation. There is no clear distinction between spices and condiments. In the same vein, the distinction between food and medicinal plant is not clear-cut as many edible plants are also used in traditional medicine. Examples of these include: Vernonia amygdalina; Pterocarpus spp. Vitex doniana, Gongoronema laitfolium, Ocimum gratissimum, Crassocephalum rubens; Xylopia aethiopica; Piper guineense and Lactuca taraxacifolia. An attempt is made here to present information on some common medicinal plants with emphasis on their common, scientific and family names; ailment(s) they are used to treat, part(s) of plant used and the relevant authority. Culinary plants including spices and aromatics and the problems militating against the sustainable utilization of these valuable products are discussed while possible conservation methods are proposed.Item Potentials of seedling growth parameters as selection indices in Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum & Thonn) Taub. from Southwestern Nigeria(2005) Jimoh, S.O.The study investigated variations among progenies of Tetrapleura teraptera (Schum & Tbonn) (Taub.) from four sources in South Western Nigeria with a view to identifying early growth traits that could be useful for the selection of superior genotypes for breeding and improvement of the species. The three seed sources include: Emure-Ekiti (Latitude 702 26’ N and Longitude 502 30’ E); Ikoji-Ile (Latitude 80 15’N and Longitude 402 49’ E); Osogbo (Latitude 702 46’N and Longitude 402 35’ E) and Sapele (Latitude 502 55’N and Longitude502 46’E). Seedlings used for the experiment were part of those produced from an earlier germination experiment carried out in the nursery of the Department of Forest Resources Management, University of Ibadan. After the germination experiment, 32 uniformly growing and vigorous seedlings were pricked out from each progeny into medium sige polypots (25 cm x 14.5 cm x 7.5 cm). At fortnightly intervals, four seedlings were selected from each progeny for study. On each occasion, seedling height, collar diameter, number of leaves and total dry weights were assessed. Net Assimilation rates and Relative Growth Rates were calculated on each occasion. The study lasted for 12 weeks. The data generated were subjected to Analysis of Variance and the least significant difference was calculated to separate significantly different means. Results indicate highly significant variations in seedling heights, collar diameter and Relative Growth Rates among the 4 progenies. Ikoyi- ile progeny had the highest mean values of seedling height (12.9 cm) mean diameter (1.4 cm); mean number of leaves (15.6) and Relative Growth Rate (0.239grnf m2 / wk). Osogbo progeny recorded the least mean values for height (10.3 cm) mean collar diameter (1.3 cm), mean number of leaves (13.6) and total dry weight (0.123 gm). The effect of age was highly significant on all the parameters measured. This is an indication that reasonable variations occur within the population of T. tetraptera in the study area. It is recommended that genetic investigations be carried out on this species to corroborate the observations made in this study.Item "Traditional media use in Forest Conservation Support Communication (FCSC) among local residents in protected areas in South Western Nigeria "(2003) Azeez, I.O.; Jimoh, S.O."This paper examined the potential of forest conservation support communication along traditional media in use for agricultural information dissemination in and around two reserved sites: Old Oyo National Park, Oyo and Oluwa forest reserve in Ondo State. Results show that the reliability of Forest Conservation Support Information (FCSI) sources depends on access to media among respondents (Pearson's χ2 = 338.7; d.f = 160; Pr. ≤ 0.000). So also, appropriateness determines the relevance of traditional media in Old Oyo National Park environment to FCSC (Pearson's χ2 = 176.47; d.f = 60; Pr. ≤ 0.00). This was however not the case in Oluwa forest reserve enclaves (Pearson's χ2 = 29.595; d.f = 28; Pr. > 0.383). Here, the perception of inhabitants on appropriateness of media for FCSC does not translate to their being relevant for the same purpose. But the relevance of traditional communication to present-day development challenges was found to be very significant in the study sites. Only 2.5% and 7% of inhabitants of Oluwa forest enclaves and Old Oyo National Park environment respectively considered trado communication as irrelevant to forest conservation support communication. Analysis of variance on traditional media accessed in the two study sites also revealed no variation (F = 3.01; d.f = 244; p > .05). Furthermore, in Oluwa Forest enclaves, 88.75% of the respondents' perceived trado communication as complementing other information sources, while the rest opined that it's use alone could effect and sustain development initiatives. However, none of the respondents in the two sites is of the view that the use of traditional communication media should be relegated to the background in FCSC. It is therefore recommended that effective indigenous media should be adopted and empowered to ensure that development initiatives are not wrongly imbibed. So also, traditional institutions in the study area must be identified and empowered with sustainable forest conservation information and technologies. "Item Critical Factors in Willingness to Participate in Forest Management: The Case of Gambari Forest Reserve, Oyo State Nigeria.(2003) Jimoh, S.O.; Falade, O.F.The study investigated the factors that could motivate members of forest adjoining communities to participate in the management of Onigambari Forest Reserve. Oyo State, Nigeria. Stratified quota sampling was used to select one hundred and fifty- eight respondents among the local community members. Data processing was by simple statistics, chi- square test of independence and logistic regression analysis. Results indicate that application of Financial incentives docs not have significant effect on willingness to participate (p > 0.05), but the effects of lion-financial incentives and sociological factors are significant (p < 0.05). Results of logistic regression show that age, educational status; incentive requirement (technical) and roles played in forest management have significant impact on willingness to participate in forest management with a log-likelihood ratio of 278.317 (X :tab.= 124.342; df.= l38 and P= 0.05) . In view of the fact that socio-economic factors such as age; education; incentive requirement, tennurial rights, marketability of forest products and forest protection technics have significant effect on willingness to participate; it is recommended that government should embark on massive awareness campaign to educate the people on the benefits they stand to derive by actively participating in forest management. The practice of taungya should be encouraged in order to motivate landless strangers to participate in forest regeneration.. The forest reserve should be managed to supply multiplicity of goods and services for social acceptability and ecological sustainability. Community Associations should be encouraged to establish nurseries from which timber takers would be required to purchase seedlings for replacing felled trees.Item Variations in Fruit and Seed Characteristics and Germination of Tetrapleura Tetraptera (Schum & Thonn.) Taub. From Different Sources in South - Western Nigeria.(1999) Jimoh, S.O.; Okali, D.U.U."An assessment was carried out of variability in fruit and seed characteristics and the effects of seed source and seed size on germination of Tetrapleura tetraptera from four sources in South-Western Nigeria. The sources were Emure-Ekiti (Lat. 7°26’N and Long. 5°30’E); Ikoyi-Ue (Lat. 8°15’N and Long. 4°49’E); Osogbo (Lat. 7° 46’ and Long 4°35’E) and Sapele (Lat. 5°55’N and Long. 5°46’E). Fruit length and diameter were determined using a string and a metre-ruler, while fruit and seed weights were measured with an electronic balance and the number of seeds per pod was counted. Seeds were categorised into two, based on sources and size classes for germination studies. Seed dormancy was broken using concentrated Tetra-oxo-sulphate VI acid. The seeds were thoroughly washed in distilled water before sowing in germination boxes filled with top soil.Significant variations were observed both in fruit and seed characteristics and in germination. Mean pod length ranged from 21,60cm to 24.39cm with coefficient of variation of 5.90%. Pod diameter ranged from 3.95cm to 7.5cm with 6.9% coefficient of variation. Mean pod weight ranged from 34.94g to 57.46g with coefficient of variation of 11.11%. The number of seeds per pod varied between 10.46 and 14.04 with coefficient of variation of 14.92%. Seed length varied between 9.12 and 9.78mm with coefficient of variation of 2.58%, while seed diameter and seed weight ranged from 6.26mm to 7.00mm and 1.50g to 1.76g respectively. The coefficient of variation for seed diameter was 7.05% while that of seed weight was 6.91%. Germination pattern also varied according to seed size classes and sources. The largest size class (10.7mm+) gave the highest cummulative germination percentage of 88.2% and a germination rate of 12.52 seeds per day. The size class 6.0 - 7.5mm gave the lowest cummulative germination percentage of 57.5% and a germination rate of 8.19 seeds per day. Seeds from Ikoyi-Ile had a total germination percentage of 92.8% and a germination rate of 12 seeds per day. The lowest total germination of 56.6% was recorded for Osogbo. Interaction effects between mother trees and seed source were significant. There was, however, no significant interaction between seed size and seed source"