DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

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Author: search.filters.author.Adepoju, A. O.

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    Cassava Productivity Growth in Nigeria
    (2019) Oluwafemi1, Z. O.; Omonona, B. T.; Adepoju, A. O.; Sowunmi, F. A.
    Cassava has gained prominence in the world and has become economic crop in the Nigerian agricultural sector. Secondary data was used for this study. The required variables were extracted from General Household Survey Panel Data (GHS-P). The GHS-P is a nationally representative survey of households across Nigeria covering urban and rural sectors. Analytical tools used included Total factor productivity and Markov chain. 82% of populations of Cassava farmers are in the rural areas and close to 73% were young adults including both male and female involved in cassava production. Approximately 65% of the cassava based farmers were single that not yet married and most of the farmers were educated and about 80% and 98% of the cassava based farmers did not have access to credit facilities and extension personnel respectively. Generally, the cassava productivity growth was erratic and very small proportion of cassava farmers that were in lower productivity reduced overtime, while the minimal proportion of cassava farmers that moved into both moderate and high productivity increased overtime respectively. Generally, there is more to be done to increase and attain sustainable high level cassava productivity growth in Nigeria.
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    Welfare Costs of Risks and Management Options in Nigeria
    (2019) Olaniyan, O.; Oni, O. A.; Adepoju, A. O.; Okunmadewa, F. Y.; Fashogbon, A.
    Most of Nigeria’s declining welfare indicators such as poverty, food insecurity and life expectancy at birth have been linked to high risk exposure. However, little empirical investigations have been made to uncover the dynamics of risks and their attendant welfare implications at the household level using aggregate national data. This study thus investigated risk prevalence, its welfare cost and management strategies within households in Nigeria. Data from the Harmonised National Living Standard Survey (NLSS) of households, collected between 2009 and 2010 by the National Bureau of Statistics, provided the data set for the study. The results revealed that predominant shocks within households in Nigeria are the death of the household head, conflicts in the community, death of a spouse, the household head being away, spouse being away from home, household head hospitalized and personal theft. Among variables that significantly reduce households’ welfare were death and absence of the household head, and community conflict. Further, the results showed that the level of wealth significantly mitigates the negative impact of some shocks. Also, findings fromthe study revealed that households make use of mixed strategies to cope, mitigate and reduce risk exposure and impact. The study concluded by recommending provision of well-managed and need responsive socialinfrastructure suchas good health facilities, pipe-borne water, road network. In addition, people need to be sensitized to the need for life micro-assurance and government needs to subsidize it as this will help reduce the impact of the demise of the breadwinner on the household’s welfare.
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    Vulnerability and Poverty Transitions Among Rural Households in South West Nigeria
    (2011) Adepoju, A. O.
    Successive governments in Nigeria have implemented poverty alleviation programmes and strategies without commensurate reduction in poverty. The near failure of these programmes and strategies has been associated with improper diagnosis of poverty as a static rather than dynamic concept. Poverty dynamics enables a better appreciation of the extent of poverty over time by distinguishing between households exiting and entering into poverty, those never poor and the persistently poor. The dynamics of and vulnerability to poverty in rural Southwest Nigeria (SWN) were therefore investigated. Primary data were collected from a two-wave panel survey (harvesting and lean periods) employing a multi-stage sampling technique. The first stage was a random selection of Oyo and Osun states. Thereafter, was the random selection of three Local Government Areas (LGAs) from each state. Ten rural Enumeration Areas (EAs) were randomly selected from each LGA and ten households were systematically selected from each EA. In all, 600 households were interviewed in the Harvesting Period (HAP) out of which 582 could be tracked in the Lean Period (LEP) which constituted the sample size. The sample was weighted using the inverse of the overall selection probabilities to make it representative of the region. Information was collected on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, monthly consumption expenditure as well as economic infrastructure available in the respondents’ communities. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Foster, Greer and Thorbecke poverty measure, 3- Stage Feasible Generalized Least Squares, Tobit, Probit and Multinomial Logit regression methods. A higher proportion of the households (79.6%) were headed by males. The mean age and household size of the respondents were 50.8 ± 15.3 years and 5.0 ± 3.3 respectively. The mean per capita household consumption expenditure at HAP was N4970.36 ± N3274.25, while that of LEP was N6140.43 ± N5113.94 with poverty lines of N3313.57 and N4093.21 respectively. The incidence of poverty was 35.0% for HAP and 43.6% for LEP. At the standard vulnerability threshold of 0.5, 55.7% of rural households in SWN were vulnerable to poverty. A unit increase in household size and dependency ratio aggravated vulnerability by 0.05 and 1.28, while attainment of secondary and tertiary education reduced (p<0.01) vulnerability by 0.14 and 0.23 respectively. Vulnerability also translated into significantly (p<0.01) higher poverty by increasing the ex-post probability of becoming poor by 0.34. Household poverty transitions revealed that 49.5% of the households were never poor, 28.2% were chronically poor, while 22.3% were transiently poor. However, of the transient poor, while 6.8 percent exited poverty, 15.5 percent moved into poverty. Vulnerability aggravated both chronic and transient poverty by impacting on the odds of being chronically poor and moving into poverty by 10.05 and 1.80, respectively (p<0.05). The poor in Southwest Nigeria were a heterogeneous group consisting of the transient and chronic poor. Vulnerability trapped poor households in poverty while propelling the non-poor into it. Poverty dynamics and vulnerability underscored the centrality of effective poverty reduction tools in Southwest Nigeria