Scholarly Works

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LINKAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND DELIVERY OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INFORMATION BY NIGERIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTES
(1990-08) ADEDOYIN, S. F.
A special communication system exists in each of the eighteen (18) National Agricultural Research Institutes which is responsible for linking the institutes and their researchers with public and private sector organization and people, including the States’ Extension Services and farmers. Consequently, the researcher considered it necessary to critically analyse these communication linkages in the development and delivery of agricultural information between the Research Institutes and the various target organizations. With the aid of the questionnaire technique, data collection was carried out in the eighteen (18) National Agricultural Research Institues in Nigeria. The chi-square (x2), the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Duncan's Multiple Range ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied to determine the relationship between the variables. Personal observations were also used as complementary data to provide additional answers to the research questions. Six research questions related to the problem of study were examined. The results showed that National Agricultural Research Institutes maintain functional relationship with some relevant public and private sector organisations, in addition to the extension service, in the processes of developing and delivering agricultural information. The results also showed that effective communication linkages with the target organizations are associated with variables such as type of research institute, purpose of communication, frequency of contacts, communication methods, specific problem areas, choice of target organizations and the need for linkages. It was found out from the study that the frequency of contacts with the various target organizations is lower for problem formulation than it is for results dissemination. The study indicated that: i) the target organization influences the purpose of communication; ii) communication methods used by research institutes are significantly related to the purpose of communication; iii) type of research institute influences the communication methods used in problem formulation but not in results dissemination; iv) communication methods used by research institutes depend, to a great extent, on the target organization; v) with regards to problems formulation and results dissemination, there is an association between specific problem areas and the target organisations; vi) there is a significant difference in the ranking of communication methods used by Agricultural Research Institutes in contacting the various target organizations; and vii) Communication methods used by research institutes are determined by the specific problem areas. Findings showed that all the eighteen (18) National Agricultural Research Institutes affirmed the need for them to maintain effective communication linkages with other organization and people, and to enhance the linkages between them and the extension services.
The position of rural women In Nigeria
(Hope Publications Ibadan, Nigeria, 2001-01) Obono, K.
Communicating for development purposes: a gender perspective
(Kraft Books Limited, Ibadan, 2003) Laninhun, A.
Media globalisation and the responses of the Nigerian broadcast media
(Department of Political Science and Sociology, Babcock University, 2004) Ojebode, A.
The globalisation of the media of mass communication has been praised for being one of the major catalysts for the spread of democracy and development especially in the developing world. But discussions of the impact of media globalisation have by no means been homogenous. There are strong arguments that rather than being beneficiaries, democracy and development have been victims of the globalized media world. As a result, nations and institutions are responding to media globalisation with caution. This paper examines the possible impact of global media on Nigerian democracy and development. It attempts to categorise the responses of the Nigerian broadcast media to media globalisation as reflected in how they handle products of global media. Four such categories were discovered: acceptance, replication, metacasting and blackout. The paper discusses the implications of these for our democracy and development.
Tested, trusted, yet frustrating: an investigation into the effectiveness of environmental radio in Oyo State Nigeria
(Taylor and Francis Inc, 2005) Ojebode, A.
"Radio stations have used jingles for environmental education and communication in Nigeria for decades though not much has been done to study the impact of such use—which is the purpose of this article. Through 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) in six local government areas of Oyo state, Nigeria, interviews with the program directors of two radio stations, and a questionnaire administered with 18 program producers from the stations, the researcher found that producers and directors had full confidence in the ability of the jingles to engender environmental sanctity, and that listeners fully understood the message of the jingles. However, listeners mostly did not adopt the behavior recommended by the jingles, because the government did not make the infrastructures needed to do so available or functional. Though the jingles were aired, the outcome of their use is a frustration of the listeners and even the producers. Based on the findings, the article draws five lessons for better social marketing of environmental behavior. "
Copying the master: linguistic strategies in imitation brand naming
(2006) Egbokhare, O.A.
Nigerian mass media representation of women in agriculture and agribusiness: a case of status mis-conferral
(2006) Ojebode, A.
The study set out to examine the extent of the coverage given by the mass media to women in agriculture and agribusiness in view of statistics indicating that women constitute an overwhelming proportion of the people in that sector. Based in Nigeria, the study analysed the content of 282 stories on the agricultural pages of two selected national newspapers, 187 pictures illustrating some of the stories and 48 agricultural broadcasts from two radio stations. The study revealed that though in reality women formed about 80% of the labour force in agriculture, less than 20% of the people featured in mass media content on agriculture were women. In all sections of the agriculture sector, even in trading, women are portrayed as being in the minority. The study concluded that the mass media, in exact opposition to what obtained in reality, conferred on the men the status of the major operators in the agricultural sector and on women the status of the insignificant minority. In other words, the status of active role players rightfully deserved by women was given men and vice-versa, hence the term status misconferral. Advancing likely reasons for this, the paper proposes policy adjustments that could be made to correct the situation.
Explaining the effectiveness of community-based crime prevention practices. A case study from Nigeria
(2006) Ojebode A.; Ojebuyi, B. R.; Onyechi, N. J.; Oladapo, O.; Oyedele, O. J.; Fadipe, I. A.
Engaging development: environment and content of radio broadcasting in Nigeria
(Institute for Media and Society and Panos Institute West Africa, 2007) Ojebode, A.; Adegbola, T.
Low patronage of development radio programmes in rural Nigeria: How to get beyond the Rhetoric of participation
(Routledge Informa Ltd, 2008) Ojebode, A.
Although the concept of participatory development communication is decades old, many years of autocratic military rule has robbed African scholars and media practitioners of the context needed to explore the full participatory potentials of the media. With eight years of democracy and heavy development burdens, Nigeria is ripe for assessment with regard to the role of its media in engendering participatory development. From a small-scale study, this paper discovers that while radio stations expend tremendous time and energy producing and airing development programmes, the listeners in the selected rural area mostly avoid such programmes and spend their time and batteries on a strange genre of programmes tagged ‘bizarre occurrence’ programmes. This implies that the listeners are not properly taken into account, let alone involved in the production of these development programmes. This is clearly contrary to the tenets of participatory development communication and democracy. The paper suggests ways by which radio can become a more participatory medium with its mission, focus and products consistent with the democratic dispensation.
Analysis of qualitative data
(The Postgraduate School University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 2008) Obono, O.; Obono, K.
Symbolism as a vector of Yoruba culture: a study of Saworoide, Yoruba home video film
(Yoruba Studies Association of Nigeria, 2009) Egbokhare, O. A.; Oso, O.
The portrayal of Europe and America in Nigerian newspapers: the other edge of dependency
(Kamla-Raj, 2009) Ojebode, A.
"Dependency is a term that refers to one of the strands of the imbalances in international news flow between the West and less developed countries (LDC). Western news agencies, it has been observed, have cornered the whole process of global newsgathering so totally that LDC media depend on them to get almost any news about the West and other LDC. Since these agencies carry mostly negative news about LDC, dependency, it has been alleged, promotes the dissemination of negative news about LDC both in the West and among LDC. This paper, however, takes on a side of the argument that seems to have escaped notice—the negative impact of dependency on the image of the West. The paper content-analysed the foreign news pages of 262 editions of two leading newspapers in Nigeria and found that most (66%) of the news stories these papers disseminated about the West were negative, and all these were received from Western news agencies. Most of the news stories focused on wars, terrorism and politics. They are such that paint the West as unsafe. The paper concludes that though dependency is pemicious to the image of the LDC, it is by no means favourable to the image of the West. It is double-edged. "
Media exposure and reproductive behaviour change among generations of adolescents in Ugep, Nigeria
(2009) Obono, K.; Obono, O.
This paper examines change in reproductive behaviour across several generations of adolescent girls in Ugep, sourtern Nigeria. It is based on a study of key factors promoting differences in girls' reproductive behaviour across this generations, which linked this change media exposure and a number of social variables that challenge traditional views of the relationships. The study found alterations in adolescent sexual activities, contraceptive prevalence, voluntary abortion and the fertility. Female age at sexual debut was found to be declining, with 11.3% of adolescent females initiating sex at 11 years relative to 4.1 percent from previous cohorts. This finding in particular reflects the onset of liberal sexual norms, accentuated by ease of entry into consensual unions and trends towards sexual networking. The general findings point to the role of western media, poverty and pressures related to an urbanizing lifestyle on girls' aspirations and reproductive choices. In this way,it contribute to the growing body of work on reproductive change in an era of serious population' debate and, therefore, suggests a need for adopting alternative models for explaining reproductive change in sub- saharan communities.
Nigerian silent majorities
(2009) Ojebode, A.; Akinleye, L.
"In the clamour for a new world information and communication order (NWICO), extensive scholarly attention has been given to international disparities and their effects. But national and domestic issues have only been mentioned, when at all, in passing. This article attempts to investigate the possibility of there being a domestic dimension to the world imbalance. The daily news bulletins of four Nigerian broadcast stations were monitored for three months and analysed. The result shows that a very minute proportion of news (7.1%) deals with rural areas and rural issues. Even this little fraction is one-way information to and not from rural people. About one-third of the rural news is decontextualised. All these point to the need to tackle the quest for a new order on the home front as well. "
Increasing people's knowledge about HIV/AIDS: an investigation into the effectiveness of reading as a communication strategy
(SAGE Publications, Los Angeles, 2009) Ojebuyi, B. R.
among the factors probably causing stigma and discrimination against people living with /Human IMMunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA) are the public's inadequate knowlegde and strong misconceptions about the pandemic. Having realised this fact, stakeholders intensify efforts at educating the public about HIV/AIDS. Reading is one of the communication strategies they employ to enrich people's knowledge about the disease. This article, therefore, focused on reading, primarily to investigate its effectiveness as a receptive communication skill, through which the public can be better educated about HIVAIDS and thus, dispel their misconceptions about the disease and its patients. An experimenta method was employed, using 220 respondents. Two separate instruments- attitude scale/questionnaire and an HIV/AIDS- related story- were used. The result showed that abosolute majority of respondents (78.2 per cent) from the experimental group, which actually read the select HIV/AIDS- related story demostrate better knowledge about HIV/AIDS than do the respondents from the control group. Thus, the study has established reading as an effective communication strategy for educating people and dispelling their misconceptions about HIV/AIDS and its patients. The findings also showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the attitude of male and female subjects to HIV/AIDS and PLWHA after reading the story.
Community radio advocacy in democratic Nigeria: lessons for theory and practice
(Board of Regents of the University of Wisconcin System, 2009) Ojebode, A.; Akingbulu, A.
"This article describes the challenges of working toward an enabling policy and legal environment for community radio in Nigeria. Given the acute development problems it faced and years of autocracy, expectations were that when Nigeria became a democracy, it would immediately deploy all tools, including community radio, to enhance development and participation. Theorists suggest that democracy should be accompanied by enlarged opportunities for expression occasioned by, among others, the removal of the restraints imposed on media ownership by autocrats. But ten years into democracy, Nigeria has yet to allow the establishment of community radio stations. The article identifies five phases of the advocacy for community radio and how it has reached a deadlock. Enlarging the opportunities for expression, in this case through licensing community radio stations, has proved to be as difficult in Nigeria during democracy as it was in the military period. This has lessons and challenges for theory and advocacy. "
Media diversity with and without a policy: a comparison of the BBC and Nigeria's DBS
(Broadcast Education Association, 2009) Ojebode, A.
Discussions of media diversity have taken for granted the assumption that diversity is properly maintained only when there is a well articulated diversity policy with human and material resources to implement it. This article seeks to find out what it is like to manage diversity where there is not a diversity policy. To do this, it compares Nigeria's Delta Broadcasting Services (DBS) which does not have a diversity policy, with the BBC which had an elaborate policy with extensive resources for implementation. The study finds an inbuilt diversity consciousness among DBS staff whereas at the BBC diversity is driven by policy and even pressure. At both stations, fear of different kinds propels the determination to reflect diversity, and both stations face fairly similar problems in managing diversity, among which is the challenge of balancing diversity with competence in staff recruitment. The key lesson is that, depending on the context, diversity is not better achieved by official policies and targets, than without them.
Influence of home video on sexuality aspirations of secondary schools students in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Rapid Research & Communications Ltd., 2009-04) Obono, K.; Obono, O.
Home videos are entertainment media but their use by adolescent transcends leisure to sexuality aspirations. A survey of 180 students in selected secondary schools in Ibadan showed that viewing influenced their sexuality knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP). The paper argues that exposure to home movies affect young people's life aspiration as higher viewership (95.6 percent) corresponds with high negative sexuality response (93.3 percent). Accondingly, the media teach 87 percent of student about girl-friend/boy-friend relationships,expose 82 percent to sexual relationships, arose 85 percent and encourage premarital sex among 53 percent students.While entertaining,the media provide information that teenagers use to construct their sexuality, having far reaching heaith implecations. Home vidoe content and packaging thus place adolescent lives on a reproductive health disaster. This calls for alternative models of entertainment communication as well as critical censorship of home movies to help checkmate worsening sexual and reproductive healthconditions in Nigeria.
Broadcast media policy in Nigeria: across many dispensations
(Faculty of Social Sciences and Communication St. Augustine University of Tanzania, Mwanza, Tanzania, 2010) Opubor, A.; Akingbulu, A.; Ojebode, A.
"The present article traces the adaptation of media and communication institutions to the political, economic, ethnic and cultural realities of Nigeria from the colonial (very British) dispensation, to the military and finally to the civilian in the last ten years. The form of the adaptation very largely reflects the political interests of the group in power, but there has always been a negotiation with more prominent interest groups. Ironically, the military, though it defended its interests, tended to be less politically partisan than the civilian governments. The major weakness in Nigerian communication policy making is the absence of strong continuous public involvement and consistent private sector and civil society participation. Typically, a small group of unrepresentative experts prepares the documents and there is little transparent consultation with the public. This produces some adaptation, but with a media system that protects the reigning political power. "